And this is only in Russia.
The death rate from this disease can reach 8 thousand people. Such tragic consequences are due to imperfect diagnostics and the lack of highly effective modern methods of treatment.
Tumor bladder in men is much more common( about 4-5 times) than women.
Causes of the disease
The main cause of bladder cancer is the effect of carcinogens that act with the urine on the mucous membrane of the bladder.
To the proved risk factors it is possible to carry:
- schistosomiasis of a urea;
- exposure to radiation;
- cystitis;
- drinking chlorinated water;
- smoking;
- work in contact with aromatic amines( rubber, paint, plastic and others).
Symptoms of a bladder tumor
No characteristic complaints exist.
Hematuria( presence of blood in the urine) is the most common and common symptom of the disease. Hematuria often appears from nowhere and disappears into nowhere. The patient may not even notice or restrict the use of a hemostatic agent prescribed in the hospital. But you can not stop the tumor: it will continue its development.
In some patients, the tumor process is complicated by constant urge to urinate.
During tumor growth, and when it spreads to the muscle layer, dull aches appear:
- in the perineum;
- in the sacrum;
- over the bosom.
When the form of the disease is started, there may appear:
- anorexia( loss of appetite);
- body weight loss;
- fast fatigue;
- weakness.
Diagnosis of the bladder tumor
Today, the main methods of diagnosis include cystoscopy( examination of the inner walls of the bladder with an endoscope, allowing the organ to be seen "from the inside"). The main disadvantage of the method is a feeling of discomfort in the patient.
Recently, a new test strip of urgent diagnostics is being used as a test strip for pregnancy. This method has not yet found wide distribution.
For diagnosing cancerous tumors,
- ultrasound is used;
- MRI;
- CT.
Tumors of the urinary bladder can be conditionally divided into three types:
- generalized;
- is invasive;
- is a superficial tumor.
Treatment of bladder cancer
The superficial tumor is located in the bladder epithelium without damaging its muscle tissue.
Treatment of this form of the disease has a very good prognosis. The main method of treatment in this case is transurethral resection( TUR) of the bladder membrane with malignant neoplasm.
Unfortunately, the probability of relapse during this operation is about 50%. In order to rule out a relapse of inflammation, it is necessary to perform a control examination of the bladder after TUR.
There is often a radical surgery - cystectomy( removal of the old bladder and the formation of a new one from the parts of the bowel).This is the most effective operation in the early stages of the disease.
Invasive tumor is characterized by a more extensive spread of the tumor process to or on the muscle tissue of the bladder.
The main treatment for an invasive tumor is a radical surgery to remove inflamed lymph nodes( cystectomy with lymphadenectomy).
Sometimes TUR or open resection can be used. For greater efficiency, it is advisable to prescribe anti-cancer chemotherapy drugs.
The generalized( metastatic) tumor of the bladder can be treated with powerful chemotherapy in combination with various drugs( cisplatin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, methotrexate and others).
Unfortunately, these drugs are very dangerous for the patient.
The main goal of the treatment is surgery to remove the tumor of the bladder.
In doing so, we must try not to let the patient die and maximize his life.
The cost of an operation to remove a tumor of the bladder in Moscow varies greatly and ranges from 16 000 to 25 000 rubles.
Video: Removal of bladder tumor
The tumor of the bladder affects about fifteen thousand people annually.
