Causes and initial signs of Parkinson's disease - symptoms and treatment of the disease

Parkinson's disease is a disease bearing the neurological character of with chronic symptoms. Progresses slowly and affects people older than old.

If you give a brief description of Parkinson's disease, you should start with synonyms, which denote pathology.

In the medical literature, you can find synonyms of the disease: is an ideopathic parkinsonism syndrome and a tremor paralysis. Refers to a number of ideopathic diseases of those who do not develop against the background of genetic changes or are not caused by other diseases.

The patient begins to lose the ability to control his body.

Causes, which cause the disease

Scientists around the world do not come to a common opinion about the causes of the disease. The reasons for the occurrence of Parkinson's disease are not clear, but there are theories:

1. Heredity. In 1/5 of patients there are carriers of the disease in the genus. This is due to a defect in the genes. This defect contributes to the destruction of black matter in the brain more quickly than with the normal aging of a person. Modern scientists have established that the disease begins when there are changes in different parts of the genes, which individually can not be identified.
2. Destruction of nerve cells. In the brain stem are nerve cells, called black neurons. In a certain area of ​​it( the brain stem), the work fails and these black neurons begin to break down. The nervous system of the body stops functioning normally.
3. Infections. Getting into the human body, begins to destroy the cells of the central nervous system.
4. Environmental factor. The presence of substances in the atmosphere that get into the human body, affect the neurons of black matter, which change their work and begin to break down.
5. Head injuries. Many patients had cranial injuries before, but no direct connection was established.

The risk groups include people 60-65 years old, most often male. It also occurs in people of young age. In this case it proceeds more slowly than in people of the older age group.

Stages of development of

Despite the fact that the disease is slow, it refers to the progressive. Scientists distinguish 5 stages of the development of the disease. They are caused by the motor functions of the patient.

STEPS OF Parkinson's Disease:

• the first is the violation of movement( most often) of one limb;
• the second is characterized by a violation of half-body movement;
• at the third, bilateral movement disorder is observed, vegetative disorders( stomach disorders) are observed;
• on the fourth there is a pronounced bilateral violation of movement( the patient can still stand and walk alone);
• fifth - full real estate, assistance is required.

Symptoms of the pathological condition

Depending on the stage of the disease, the following symptoms and signs of Parkinson's disease are distinguished.

The first

At the initial stage it is almost impossible to detect, except that with a deep examination of the body. Initial signs of Parkinson's disease are almost absent.

Second

The disease is progressing. It is at this stage that the disease is identified, you can try to treat it and prolong the normal functioning of the person. More nerve cells are affected, the first symptoms of Parkinson's disease appear:

• weakness( general malaise);
  

  In the photo, symptoms that indicate a Parkinson's disease

• are an uncertain gait with short steps;
• slurred speech, memory dips( the patient does not bring the thought to the end, forgets what was the matter);
• change of handwriting( small, trembling letters);
• mood swings, bouts of depression;
• change facial expressions( the face becomes like a mask);
• increased muscle tone( strained in any condition);
• uncontrolled movements of muscles( the initial stage - the defeat of one limb, eventually passes to all).

Third

How is Parkinson's disease manifested in the third stage? Appearance of the main signs:

• mimicry is missing( face becomes a mask);
• patient is quickly tired;
• limbs are in a semi-bent state, the movements are intermittent;
• finger trembling( akin to recounting coins);
• tremor affects the feet and lower jaw( seen with both strained and relaxed condition), disappears during sleep;
• slowed down activity( dressing takes several hours);
• strong stoop;
• pain in the muscles of the body due to their constant contraction;
• movement coordination disorder( unstable gait, fall);
• delay or urinary incontinence;
• is hard to be in the same position;
• there is frequent depression, timidity, fear of public places;
• memory is broken, but the ability to reason remains;
• indistinct speech, repetition of the same words;
• increased sweating( in some cases, some areas of the skin become dry or turn very fatty, dandruff appears);
• - sleep disturbance, with nightmares and insomnia.

The fight against symptoms takes place through drug therapy. In some cases, surgical intervention is possible to help stop the disease.

To diseases with similar symptoms it is possible to attribute a number of diseases:

• autism( brain development disorder);
• amyotrophic lateral sclerosis( destruction and death of motoneurons);
• Alzheimer's disease( a disease of the nervous system with a gradual loss of mental abilities);
• dementia( dementia - brain damage);
• Multiple sclerosis( a disorder in the central nervous system).

Diagnosis of the disease

All doctors agree that in the diagnosis of this disease, clinical studies or observations are necessary. Special tests to identify the disease does not exist.

When diagnosing Parkinson's disease, usually carries out:

• computer diagnostics;
• magnetic resonance imaging;
• positron tomography;
• emission tomography;
• blood test.

Treatment of

The question of how to treat Parkinson's disease does not have an easy and unambiguous answer.

Treatment of is performed from the beginning of detection of the disease , and it takes all the time that is behind.

Patient impairment indicates non-compliance.

A patient who has the initial symptoms of Parkinson's disease requires careful treatment with an individual course, which is connected with the fact that lost treatment leads to serious consequences.

The main task in the treatment of is:

• as long as possible to maintain motor activity in the patient;
• development of a special program of physical exercises;
• drug therapy.

All drugs do not allow you to get rid of this disease, but reduce the symptoms by using them, it's quite real .They are prescribed, as a rule, for the whole life of the patient.

When using drug therapy, prescribe such medications for Parkinson's disease:

• Levodopa + carbidopa( stress relief);
• Apokin( for small memory losses);
• Amantadine( reduces uncontrolled movements);
• Apomorphine( when the muscles become hard).

All preparations may cause side effects( nausea, vomiting).They can cause a mood drop in the patient, or a change in the grimace( with a gloomy hypervisual), excessive drowsiness may occur.

Specialists believe that when treating a disease, it is important to give physical exercises and body massage, in conjunction with taking medications.

The program is developed by a doctor, where exercises are selected with a variety of effects on all muscle groups of the body.

With correct motor activity, the patient has improved performance:

• of the cardiac system of the body;
• motor mobility;
• improves motion sharpness;
• reduces muscle tension.

The main indication is that the exercises should not be prolonged and exacerbated, causing pain to the patient's muscles.

Surgery

It is used in the case when drug therapy does not bring results. Transplantation of cells obtained through genetic engineering is carried out. While the is only experimental .

Traditional medicine

Nature has its own recipes for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Medical fees of various herbs and plants( including poisonous ones).She can not completely eliminate the disease, but can help in the fight against it.

Complications of the disease

The consequences of Parkinson's disease can be the most disastrous.

Violation of the clarity of movement, speech and memory of the patient.

There are no cardinal methods for treating this disease , it is in the stage of development and study, therefore relatives of patients initially( during the life of patients) are already preparing for a deplorable result.

Forecast

Unfortunately, for today the treatment of the disease, in the true sense of the word, is impossible.

The disease will gradually progress, which leads to the death of the patient.

Only partial symptomatic relief is possible.

Prevention of

As such, there is no prophylaxis to prevent Parkinson's disease, but if you look at the causes of the disease, you can distinguish as follows:

• try not to be nervous, to keep calm in stressful situations;
• as much as possible to pay attention to hygiene;
• to lead an active lifestyle.

Parkinson's disease is one of the serious CNS diseases .

Active research of this disease is being conducted in order to learn how to treat it in the future.

Consoling is the fact that the overall number of cases is small. It should be remembered that according to one of the assumptions, the disease can be inherited, so if you have relatives in the family suffering from this disease, you should consult a doctor and take a number of preventive measures.

Video: Parkinson's disease and its symptoms

The main manifestation of Parkinson's disease. And also about completely unknown signs of parkinsonism. What else you need to know about pathology?