Osteoporosis. Symptoms in women, the cause of the 50 years after treatment

Osteoporosis can appear stooped old man's gait, especially in women over 50 years. When running forms of the main symptoms of the disease - a regular fractures that occur at small physical exertion or injury.

The causes and mechanisms of disease in women after 50 years

The main source of the disease are the hormonal changes associated with menopause. Menopause reduces the production of estrogen, which affects the state of the bone tissue, improves its fragility.

Starting with the menopause bone density of the first year, reduced by 10% in each subsequent year rate increased by 2%. Age-related changes are predisposing factor for the formation of osteoporosis.

risk group

Osteoporosis (symptoms more frequently diagnosed in women after age 50) has a high chance of developing in adulthood associated with:

• digestive system disorders (particularly the liver);
• insufficient body weight or anorexia;
  
• kidney - chronic current;
• genetic predisposition;
• previously trauma;
• medical treatment immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, anticonvulsants;
• rheumatoid arthritis;
• pathologies of the endocrine department - gland dysfunction affect the performance of the hormonal balance.

For the primary risk group includes women with physical inactivity or lack of physical activity, sitting on a rigid diet.

Predisposing factors for developing osteoporosis include:

• fascination with coffee and tea;
• Alcoholic drinks;
• cigarettes.

Classification

Medicine osteoporosis subdivides into primary and secondary, depending on the source of development.

When the primary pathology of the disease is divided into:

• postmenopausal form - refers to the common, common in women after 20 years from the start of menopause, is associated with a lack of estrogen;
• senile - diagnosed after 70 years;
• idiopathic - occurs for unknown reasons, captures youth.

In secondary osteoporosis shape is formed as a complication of another disease:

• increased activity of the parathyroid gland, insufficient production of thyroid hormones;
• diabetes, adrenal hyperfunction;
• rheumatoid arthritis, leukemia, multiple myeloma;
• benign or malignant tumors of bone tissue;
• renal insufficiency, pathologies of the digestive department associated with a decrease in calcium assimilation.

developmental stage

Clinical signs appear, depending on the extent of damage:

• at the first - there is a gradual decrease of bone density, no clinical disease;
• at the second - thinning of the bones does not affect their integrity;
• at third - the level of bone density significantly reduced pathology affects several parts of the spine, found clear changes in the shape of the vertebrae;
• while the fourth - on the X-ray images visible light pockets on the bones.

The main symptoms of the pathology

The disease can be a long time not to have clinical manifestations. Most patients seek medical care in the advanced stages of the disease.

Osteoporosis (symptoms in women begin to fracture healing of long bones and repeated bone integrity violations in the same areas) in the early stages is sufficient to diagnose complicated.

Upper and lower extremities

The development of disease is accompanied by fractures:

• radius - a big load on your hands or focus on them in the fall during the ice;
• fibula - trauma, bruises.

femoral neck

Defeat begins with an altered gait on a background of discomfort during movement. Fractures of the femoral neck are associated with the peculiarities of the anatomical structure - the constant improvement of the load, the wear of fabrics and household injuries provoke fractures.

spine

Signs of fracture of the spine include:

• reduction in growth - 3 cm;
• long, random pain in the spine;
• the formation of the hump;
• slouch.

Changes in the structure of the body has a negative impact on all the internal organs. In sharp movements occur in the back pain.

joints

The defeat of the joints accompanied by:

• aches and pain;
• meteodependent - reaction to the extremes of weather;
• rapid fatigue during exercise.

The disease can cause tooth loss, graying weight, nail deformity.

Diagnosis of osteoporosis in women

The survey is based on non-invasive, safe for patient procedures that can be performed several times without damage to health. These include x-ray, blood chemistry - to identify specific markers, bone densitometry.

laboratory methods

A major role in confirming the diagnosis plays a blood test:

• the maintenance of calcium and phosphorus - reduction indicators indicates a disturbance element content in bones;
• to parathyroid hormone - their development takes place in the thyroid gland, in the hormonal balance changes provokes problems with metabolism;
• on vitamin D - a lack of trace element leads to the destruction of the bone structure due to changes in calcium metabolism.

instrumental methods

X-ray images are used in the later stages of the disease when the bone mass decreased by 25 percent or more. By modern methods of definition of osteoporosis include densitometry, determining bone mineral density.

The study shows several varieties:

• MRI, CT - less commonly used, often carried out on a paid basis.

  

• X-ray densitometry - during the procedure the body is exposed to a minimum radiation dose. The method is based on the passage of the beam through the bone structure - a dense fabric impede its free penetration.
• Ultrasonic - methods used to assess the effectiveness and adjusting the treatment of osteoporosis.

The exact status of the bone structure shows a biopsy. To determine carried fence and a small amount of tissue is investigated in the laboratory.

Treatment

Osteoporosis - a disease closely associated with fractures. Their primary prevention directed therapy. Secondary symptoms in women cropped systematic treatment in the form of multivitamin complexes exercise.

drug therapy

Treatment is carried medicaments normalizing the metabolic processes in the body, reducing the content of phosphorus and calcium. Receiving Drug conducted continuously for a long time. When a change is detected in the hormonal balance of hormone replacement patients are written means - strictly on the testimony.

Physiotherapy

Appointed by the attending physician, the patient undergoing physical therapy under the supervision of an instructor. After learning the basic exercises, the patient is allowed to perform them at home. Trainings are held as the capabilities of the organism - any excessive exercise can lead to habitual fractures and deterioration of general condition.

Methods of traditional medicine

Alternative Therapies in doubt practitioners. The problem of osteoporosis associated with low absorption of calcium, the gradual destruction of the bone.

Traditional recipes suggest to replace the drugs the following means:

• 200 g of comminuted parsley and dill, poured 0.5 liters of fresh boiling water, allowed to stand for 3 hours. The cooled beverage is filtered, taken at 300 ml / h. Treatment is carried out within 3 months.
  
• 50 g of walnut leaves 1 liter of boiling water, the dishes covered with a lid, hold 10 min. After straining consume 1 tbsp. before each meal - 4 to p / d.
• Take the shell of the eggs, carefully washed and dried. Pulverized, pour into a glass container, pour lemon juice. After complete dissolution of the shell composition taking fasting for 1 hour. l.

Before the use of home-made medicines necessary to carry out an allergy test. A small amount of material is spread onto the inner surface of the elbow, waiting for 20 minutes. In the absence of blistering, itching, reddening possible to start therapy.

The list of drugs for the treatment of

Osteoporosis (symptoms in women cropped drug) requires a thorough diagnostic evaluation before application of drug therapy. Without the treating physician its application is inadmissible.

bisphosphonates

Drugs are analogs of pyrophosphate, stop solution bones. With their help, it is the formation of new bone tissue. Popular bisphosphonate risedronate presented, Bonviva, alendronate - tablets and zoledronate - injections.

calcitonin preparations

Medication are responsible for the regulation of the same name of the hormone, which helps in the formation and maintenance of bone strength.

Treatment is carried out:

• Miakaltsik - made of salmonids;
  
• Osteverom;
• Alostinom;
• Veprenoy.

Selective estrogen receptor modulators

The preparations have a specific effect, similar to the action of estrogen on bone structure. Therapy and prevention of osteoporosis is conducted: raloxifene, tamoxifen. Both tools are often used as substitutes for bisphosphonates, at last intolerance. Treatment of this group of drugs long-term, with a daily intake can last up to 4 years.

Denosumab (prolyl)

Medicines based on denosumab - a single-cell human body, helping to restore a greater loss of bone mass, prevent possible fractures. The advantages include the possibility of using 1 administration b. In 3-6 months., But the high price is not always available to patients. When advanced cases of osteoporosis treatment is Ekszhivoy shed.

Means of diverse actions

Metabolites of vitamin D is approved for use in patients older subgroups. They are allowed to receive renal failure patients - drugs are not processed in the kidneys. The treatment reduces the rate of bone loss, to prevent fractures, developing on the background or primary osteoporosis associated with glyukortikosteroidov.

Osteoporosis (symptoms in women disappear when using certain drugs) medicines to cure is not possible, however, you can translate it into a stage of stable remission.

This is done by:

• calcitriol;
• Alfakaltsiferol;
• Osteogenon - it is recommended to speed up the healing of fractures, is not suitable for the treatment of systemic disease;
  
• Bivalos - accelerates the regenerative processes in the bones, reduces the gaps in them, the total course of therapy is 2-4 months.

Diet and Nutrition rules in osteoporosis

Mandatory requirements for the successful treatment of disease include changes to the patient's usual diet. The daily menu should be present dishes, rich in phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, vitamins.

Nutritionists have created lists of allowed and forbidden foods for osteoporosis:

helpful	harmful
Containing magnesium, bananas, sunflower seeds, oats, buckwheat	Alcoholic, low alcohol, soft drinks
With phosphorus: beef, liver, chicken, eggs, bread	Mutton tallow, lard, mayonnaise, margarine, sausages
With calcium: any dairy products, special attention is given to cheese and curd	Coffee and kofesoderzhaschie products, cocoa, chocolate
With vitamins: kale, pumpkin, carrots, beans, peppers, greens	Fatty meats, canned, pickled, pickles
With trace elements: fish and fish products	Sauces, unrefined oil, chips, snacks, salted crackers
With copper: olive oil and sunflower	Rhubarb, sorrel, confectionery, sweets, cakes and pastries

A daily intake of salt is limited to 5 g / d. For senior and elderly food diet includes a large number of plant products. Dairy products are poorly absorbed by the body, they include a large amount of cholesterol, provoking the development of atherosclerosis.

Rules of nutrition in disease include the following provisions:

• The diet should include foods that provide enough calcium - taking into account the age, state of the patient's bone apparatus. increases to 1.5 g / d for women after 50 years in menopause, the daily requirement for this element.
• The diet should be food, enriched in vitamin D - 600 IU / d, the groups K, B, C, retinol, folic acid, magnesium, zinc and copper.
• Number of animal protein must be strictly calculated:. An excessive content of greater than 100 g / day, causes a disturbance of calcium absorption. Due to them in the gut are activated fermentation processes.
• From the daily menu eliminates all foods that interfere with normal absorption of calcium.
• Every day you need to drink 1.5 to 2 liters of clean drinking water.
• Cooking of the products is not important, but not less than half the daily amount of fruit and vegetables should arrive in fresh form or in the form of juice.
• Alcoholic drinks, soda and sweet water, nectars, fruit drinks are excluded from the home menu.
• Number of meals should be increased to 4-5 p. / D., With a maximum reduction of servings.

Disease therapy will be more effective if combined with dietary food small motor activity. The intensity of training is chosen instructor of exercise therapy for age, concomitant disease, osteoporosis flow complexity.

The natural production of vitamin D occurs under ultraviolet light - when visiting the solarium or walking in the sun. Patients need to be outdoors at least 2 hours a day.

Active lifestyle solves the problem of bad absorption of calcium in the digestive department.

Physical inactivity or sedentary work, stress contributes to the development of element deficiency, to restore normal operation of the digestive tract patients should be hiking for 1-2 hours a day.

Chlorinated water increases the lack of calcium, dietitians advise to drink it from the tap. If possible, you need to check the content of trace elements in the water - indicators are not as high as 8 mg / L are considered low, and require the use of multivitamin supplements to restore the deficit.

prevention

prevention of osteoporosis include regular preventive examinations in the clinic after reaching a certain age or disease provoking factors. The primary diagnostic method is used to study the level of calcium and bone density - densitometry.

Patients should adhere to the following rules to prevent diseases:

• to include in the diet of a sufficient number of products enriched with calcium and helps him better absorbed;
• comply with the principles of balanced nutrition, control their weight, ie allowing it drastic changes;
• renounce alcohol, tobacco products, to reduce the amount of coffee and caffeinated beverages;
• enhance physical and motor activity - sensible load stimulate the strengthening of muscle and bone tissue.

As additional sources of calcium and other nutrients can be used multivitamin complexes. Reducing the risk of the formation of osteoporosis can lead to the need for hormone replacement therapy. The problem of hormonal balance has been endocrinologist.

Forecast

With timely treatment for professional help, correction of the pathological process and getting rid of the risk factors for a favorable prognosis patients. Reduced disability observed in patients who applied to the health facility in the last stages of the disease. In this case, we recommend switching to a job that is not related to physical labor and excessive activity.

The main problem of osteoporosis - it fractures and their consequences. Avoid them is not always possible, especially in the elderly. If the damage of the femoral neck of the risk of disability increases several times. Doctors advise to devote sufficient time to the prevention of this complex disease.

Osteoporosis - severe pathology that requires long-term treatment for 3-4 years. The first symptoms appeared in women should guard and lead their owners to the reception to the therapist. District physician referral for diagnosis, and after confirmation of the diagnosis will send to a rheumatologist, endocrinologist, osteopath - the disease requires a comprehensive approach.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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