Paroxysmal tachycardia. Emergency care, treatment, clinical guidelines

Paroxysmal tachycardia - a pathological process, which is one of the types of arrhythmia. Violation accompanied palpitations from 140 to 22 beats per minute.

types of diseases

The disease is divided into several forms depending on the nature of the occurrence and localization.

disease classification:

1. Supraventricular. Otherwise he referred to as atrial. In this case, the pulses originate from the atria to the area and pass to the ventricles. In some cases, transmission of impulses is carried out in a circular motion. Such a process is possible only if there are other paths.
2. Nodal. Transfer is carried out in pulses departments ventricular myocardial stunning, and then provided to the atria.
3. Podzheludochkovaya. This type is the most difficult and dangerous due to the development of ventricular fibrillation.

Among women, the disease occurs in 2 times less often than men. disease symptoms are observed in 85% of patients suffering from coronary heart disease.

Stage and grade

Paroxysmal tachycardia in nature and severity of the flow is divided into acute, recurrent (chronic) and recurrent forms. In this case, the latter can last for several years, provoking the development of circulatory failure, cardiomyopathy, and education.

symptoms

The main symptom of the disease is heart palpitations. In this case, the attacks are continuing as a few seconds or a few days. In addition to developing arrhythmia pathology is accompanied by external changes.

symptoms:

• discomfort in the chest;
• facial flushing, redness;
• increased sweating;
• anxiety, irritability;
• general weakness of the body, fatigue.

Able to develop due to excessive activity of the sympathetic division of the CNS. However, it should be noted that some of the symptoms of the disease may not be available depending on the specific form of the disease. Thus, the formation of type of ventricular disease symptoms as excessive sweating or no irritability.

With the development of the disease due to degenerative disorders in the area of ​​infarction observed other symptoms:

• dyspnea;
• pain in the chest area;
• elevated blood pressure;
• the formation of swelling in the lower extremities area;
• the feeling of lack of oxygen.

When this state is accompanied by changes in external form blanching of the skin, more frequent respiratory irritation.

Causes of

Paroxysmal tachycardia develops due to various reasons, linked with both internal and external factors. Form of the disease depends on the reasons that triggered the disease.

Common factors contributing to the development of paroxysmal tachycardia, are:

• frequent stressful situations, excitement;
• increased exercise or activity;
• fast walk;
• the influence of external factors - hypothermia;
• constant overeating.

Causes of ventricular shape:

1. The presence of ischemic heart disease - diffuse form of sclerosis lesions, mikrorubtsy after previous myocardial infarction.
2. Heart attack - occurs in every fifth patient suffering from a disease.
3. Inflammatory processes in the area of ​​the heart muscle.
4. The development of hypertension.
5. Congenital anomalies and heart defects.
6. Non-inflammatory reaction in the area of ​​the heart muscle - myocardial.

The main factors supraventricular forms of pathology are frequent stress, and excessive sympathetic activity of the central nervous system.

This is accompanied by the release of hormones by the adrenal cortex, which leads eventually to the stimulation of cardiac activity. The pathology is characterized by the absence of any anatomical defects and changes in the main body.

Diagnostics

To determine the shape and the etiology of the disease there are special diagnostic measures, including both laboratory and instrumental types of research.

Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia can be identified by the relevant symptoms and appearance of the patient's mind. Prior studies conducted a visual inspection, estimated skin, surveyed, measured pulse and blood pressure.

Diagnostic Methods

1. An electrocardiogram (ECG). It is carried out using special equipment with small suckers, attached to the heart. The procedure allows to determine the form of the disease only in the case of frequent repetition of tachycardia episodes or
2. Halter, daily mount using a special portable device that tracks the dynamics of the heart in a variety of conditions. It is indicated for short episodes of disease. It helps keep track of the heart in a variety of conditions.
3. Ultrasound diagnostics. Held in the case of a patient anatomical lesions and a change of heart.
4. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) - a non-invasive way to study, giving a more complete and detailed information on the status of the internal organs. It helps track the dynamics and identify signs of disease at an early stage.

For more specific diagnoses and determine the cause of the disease may be assigned additional nonspecific kinds of diagnostics, including coronagraph, MRSKT.

The most efficient and effective method of diagnosis is by far the daily mounting and MRI.

Can be screened at any medical institution or a private clinic, licensed and licensed to conduct such procedures.

Price list:

Type of study	Time spending	Service cost
electrocardiography	from 5 to 10 minutes.	from 1800 rubles.
ultrasound of the heart	45 min.	3400 rubles.
daily mount	24 hours	3700 rubles.
ECG Holter	48 hours	7500 rubles.
cardiotocography	30-60 min.	2250 rubles.
heart MSCT	30 minutes.	From 14250 rubles.

Prices for treatments can vary depending on the region and location of the medical center area.

When to see a doctor

At the first sign of disease must immediately contact the expert. Treatment of the disease has been a cardiologist or arrhythmology.

Time definite pathology helps avoid the consequences and complications and prescribe effective treatment. The reason for referral to a specialist is short or prolonged episodes of tachycardia heart rate and heartbeat, malaise accompanied organism.

Periodic failures (increase) the systolic pressure as a sign of developing the disease. If any abnormalities detected during diagnosis, you must turn to the development of medical advice and treatment regimens.

A separate risk is recurrent form of the disease or the disease in the acute stage. Pathology dangerous for the health of the patient in the absence of proper therapy leads to death.

prevention

Specific and specially designed preventive measures there.

However, it must adhere to the following guidelines:

1. Organization of nutrition, including dieting. It is necessary to eliminate the heavy and fatty foods in the diet should add more fresh fruits and vegetables.
2. Use designated medicines helps eliminate disease symptoms. This group includes antiarrhythmic drugs.
3. Time to treat existing disease, in particular cardiac.
4. Avoiding stress and psycho-emotional stress. If necessary, it is recommended to take sedatives.
5. Refusal of bad habits - smoking, alcohol and other drugs.

It is also recommended to undergo preventive examination by a cardiologist, and other related professionals annually. As a precaution, at least 1 time per year is recommended to undergo special tests to determine the presence of disease. For the diagnosis of the daily concerns mount and EPS method.

Daily mount helps to identify any, even slight variations in the heart rate in a variety of conditions, including the authority to work during rest, sleep, perform any physical activity.

EFI method assumes under an artificial provoke disease with subsequent administration of the drug. The method is considered the best in the absence of any change.

therapies

The effectiveness of treatment depends on the selected form of the disease and severity. Selection of medicines and other methods of therapeutic intervention occurs with the detected during diagnosis forms the pathological process.

Medications

Paroxysmal tachycardia requires a comprehensive approach, including the appointment of medical therapy. First of all, prescribers relating to antiarrhythmic group.

The most effective in various forms of the disease are:

1. ATP. The drug is intended for intravenous administration. The main ingredient acts trifosadenin. It refers to a means of improving metabolic function and provides an energy recharge. The action of the active ingredients aimed at relief of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The solution is prohibited for use in myocardial infarction and arterial hypotension. The dosage and course of treatment is calculated individually depending on the nature of the disease. Price - from 281 rubles. per pack. In a pack of 10 vials.
2. Verapamil. It is produced in powder form for the preparation of intravenous solution and capsules. The drug is an antiarrhythmic agent that performs the role of the slow calcium channel blocker. It exhibits high effectiveness in the treatment of various forms of tachycardia. Before application should be consulted with kardilogom, as the drug has multiple contraindications, including myocardial infarction, and bradycardia. The dosage and duration of treatment is calculated in each case according to the characteristics of the disease. The cost in the form of a solution - from 45 to 80 rubles in capsule form -. 17-245, depending on the dosage.
3. Procainamide. The preparation is made in the form of tablets and solution for intravenous or intramuscular administration. The main ingredient - procainamide. Means exhibits antiarrhythmic properties. It is used in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia form. The dosage per day when administered intramuscularly determined by the rate of 50 mg / kg of patient body weight. In capsules the 1st reception is from 0.25 to 1 g, further from 0.25 to 0.5 g every 3-6 hours. Before use, be sure to read the instructions and consult a doctor because of some limitations. Cost - from 23 to 200 rubles.
4. Cordarone. The pharmaceutical agent aimed at eliminating signs of ventricular and supraventricular tachycardia. It is produced in tablet form and in the form of solution for injection. Active component - amiodarone hydrochloride. The facility has multiple contraindications, which is why it is recommended to consult a doctor before use. The specialist determines the dosage and course of treatment depending on the characteristics of the patient, the extent and form of the disease, as well as forms of treatment - outpatient or inpatient. Cost - 156-1550 rubles.
5. Digoxin. Appointed in addition to antiarrhythmic drugs in the treatment of relapsing forms of the disease. It refers to the cardiac glycosides exhibiting cardiotonic action. Released in the form of a tablet or an intravenous solution. The regimen and dosage is set according to the characteristics of the disease and the patient's age. Course duration - no more than 5-7 days. Cost - 30-55 rubles.
6. Tselanid. It is used in the complex treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs. Effectively nodular form when the disease. Manufactured medicament is in tablet form. The active substance acts lanatozid C. There are some limitations to the use of funds in view of what is necessary to consult a doctor. Daily norm is calculated according to the established form of the disease, as well as the character of pathology. The duration determined by the attending cardiologist, based on age and other patient characteristics. Cost - from 24 rubles. per pack.

All drugs are prescribed only on the testimony of the treating cardiologist. Self-prescribing and use of resources can lead to a variety of negative consequences and complications.

Traditional methods

Paroxysmal tachycardia can be treated with the help of the popular methods. Traditional methods of treatment are used for confirmation of the diagnosis, and only with the permission of the attending physician.

Methods:

1. hawthorn berries. Take 100 g of dried fruits of plants and 1 liter of alcohol. Means insisting for several days and use 40 drops before meals. The course - to a complete cure.
2. Obvoynik (Greek). To prepare the means necessary to take the bark and grind to a powder mass. The mixture was then poured 0.1 liters vodka and infused for several days. After time infusion filter and take 5 drops 3 times a day. Used to eliminate signs of the disease.
3. Herbal. To do this, mix 2 parts herb lovage and the 1st part of hawthorn flowers, marigold and chicory roots. All thoroughly mixed, add 1 liter of water and put on a slow fire. Boiled for 1st min., And then insist for 1 hour. The resulting mixture should strain and take 30 ml. 7 times a day. Consumed until complete disappearance of the disease.
4. Valerian roots. Filled into container 2 tablespoons plant roots, and pour warm water. The mixture is soaked in a dark place for 8 hours, then filtered and taken to 1 tablespoon 1 time per day.
5. Melissa. To prepare take 2 tsp plant and poured water. Then the mixture was put on fire, and boiled for 30 min. Infusion cooled and filtered, and then take several times a day in the form of heat.
6. Herbal infusion. In the pathology caused by hypertension, we recommend the following remedy. For its preparation is taken in a ratio of 3: 2: 2: 2 plants such as mint, balm, and marigold cudweed. All components are thoroughly mixed. Then take 3 tablespoons and the resulting mixture was added thereto little rue. All poured 1.5 liters of boiling water and put on fire. The collection should be boiled for 1 min. and no less than 1 hour. Ready means use filter and 0.5 cups 3 times a day.

Before using one of the methods must be inspected for the allergy to the components means.

Other methods

In the absence of efficacy or in more severe cases, surgery is performed. Conservative treatment based on radiofrequency ablation. The method consists in the complete elimination of the abnormal places of pulses.

Complementary therapies:

1. laser treatment - effect of the device is aimed at the destruction of ectopic foci, causing abnormal development and pulse generation. The course of action is determined by a physician based on the shape and extent of the pathological process.
2. Electricity - also allows you to remove areas, provoking failures in conducting impulses. Thus foci discharges subjected to low electric current. courses frequency depends on the degree of disease severity. On average, 3-5 is assigned procedures.
3. Action temperatures. In most cases, exposure is performed using low temperatures by means of a special apparatus.

In some cases, the patient is set pacemaker which regulates the heart rhythm and conduction impulses. Efficiency of methods depends on the stage of the disease and disorder and concomitant medication.

possible complications

In the absence of timely and adequate treatment of the disease leads to a number of different complications and consequences.

In pathology, characterized by heart rate above 180 beats per min. significantly increased risk of myocardial infarction, especially in the presence of concomitant coronary artery disease.

In some cases, the disease attacks end of thromboembolic syndrome, in more severe cases - the formation of embolism.

Prolonged episodes attacks accompanied by fever and other concomitants, which greatly increases the risk of myocardial infarction.

Ventricular disease type is a dangerous condition - ventricular fibrillation, characterized by carrying out urgent therapeutic interventions.

In some cases, myocardial infarction can trigger the development of paroxysmal tachycardia, in view of which requires constant monitoring of patients included in this risk group.

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

Video of paroxysmal tachycardia

How to treat paroxysmal tachycardia: