Curvature of the spine in children. Species, photo, extent than dangerous, how to fix, to treat cervical, thoracic, lumbar, lateral. Massage, exercises to correct scoliosis, exercise

Curvature of the spine occurs both in adults and in children and adolescents, regardless of gender. Unpleasant symptom is directly related to bipedal locomotion and improper seating process, in which the main burden falls on the spine of man. Healthy spine distributes it through the joints, ligaments and muscles.

In this case, important is the ability of the spine to maintain a flexible, shock-absorbing structure of the load. Curvature of the spine in a child may develop in a process of continuous increase this load. Regular medical check-ups allow time to identify and correct the deformity.

It is impossible to overstate the role of parents in the healthy development of the child. Changes that occur in scoliosis can be seen by external examination. Timely treatment to the orthopedist - an opportunity to protect the child from serious diseases.

Currently, medical distinguish 3 varieties of spinal curvature in children:

• kyphosis;
• lordosis;
• scoliosis.

Kyphosis

Normally, this curvature of the spine, wherein the bulge is formed facing backward. In pathological kyphosis - the degree of bending increases. In most cases, the process deforms the thoracic spine (4-10 thoracic vertebrae) and clinically manifested as hunched back. However, kyphosis can be manifested by changes in the lumbar (11-12 1-3 thoracic and lumbar), and cervical spine.

Causes of kyphosis:

• congenital anomalies;
• rickets;
• polio;
• postural disorders;
• tuberculosis;
• mechanical, surgical trauma;
• ICP (infantile cerebral paralysis);

lordosis

Lordosis - a curvature of the spine bulge forward. Pathological lordosis causes hyperextension of the lumbar spine.

The causes of lordosis in children can be so:

• obesity;
• rickets;
• pathology of the hip joint;
• fetal abnormalities, tumors of the spinal column.

Scoliosis

Curvature of the spine for scoliosis in a child is different from the previous two. In pathological lordosis and kyphosis only increases the degree of physiological bending. Scoliosis - a progressive disease, with the arcuate curvature of the spine to the right or left side.

Deformation includes SARS - twisting vertebrae about a vertical axis. It is important to distinguish scoliosis, as a violation of posture and scoliosis. In the latter case, the deformation of the pelvis, thorax violate the internal organs.

Congenital causes scoliotic curvature of the spine

The vertebrae are subject to change during the prenatal period.

Therefore, there are reasons for birth:

• Genetically - due to the development of defects (deformed vertebra, the spinous processes);
• pathological changes ribs (development of additional, neighboring fusion);
• group of disorders associated with immaturity sacral spine, e.g. sacralisation (fusion of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the sacrum).

Acquired causes scoliotic curvature of the spine

In the process of growing children develop the causes that lead to scoliosis. Clinically, it becomes noticeable in the period of five to fifteen years. The spine is anatomically and functionally divided into sections: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral.

Scoliosis can deform one of them, in some severe cases. The degree of influence on the function of scoliosis internal organs and systems depends on where the disease develops. Therefore, there is a classification of the causes of scoliosis of spine in medicine.

Reasons skolioznoy deformation of the cervical spine:

• injury during passage through the birth canal;
• imbalance between the development of the musculo-ligamentous apparatus of the neck and the pace of growth of the skeletal foundations of the spine;
• dysfunction of the nervous system innervation of the muscles of the neck and shoulder girdle.

Joint damage scoliosis thoracic and lumbar common.

Causes of scoliosis of thoracic and lumbar spine:

• muscular weakness in all the carcass (muscle dystrophy, inflammation of muscle);
• uneven load (carrying bag on his shoulder, improper lighting of the workplace, improper seating of children in the classroom);
• violation of posture due to flat feet, asymmetry of the lower limbs, short-sightedness;
• hypertrophy of individual muscle groups (for example, people engaged in physical labor, sports).

As well, there are "universal" causes of scoliosis:

• muscular rheumatism (myositis, atrophy of muscle tissue);
• rickets (postural disorders);
• disease and spinal cord injuries;
• CNS diseases (adromia);
• malignant and benign tumors of the spine;
• malnutrition;
• lack of necessary physical (motor) load.

Causes of spinal curvature in newborns

Most often, the cause - congenital disorder that develops in utero. More rarely - Acquired scoliosis (birth defects).

Classification of Scoliosis in children

At the heart of typing scoliosis Cobb - the cause and mechanism of lateral deformation of the spine.

Scoliosis is divided into five groups:

1. Myopathic scoliosis. Cause • Changes in the muscles, ligaments of the spine.
2. Neurogenic scoliosis. It develops as a result of diseases of the nervous system.
3. Congenital scoliosis. The reason for the development - fetal abnormality of the vertebrae and ribs.
4. Scoliosis that developed because of the defeat of the chest.
5. Idiopathic scoliosis, which can cause development not be determined.

Classification of scoliosis by age covers the period up to 18-20 years, when the growth of the spine stops.

Types of scoliosis in children:

• infantile (up to three years);
• juvenile (from three to ten years);
• youth (teenagers from ten to eighteen - twenty years).

In the formation of abnormal bending of the spine is trying to regain the bone support sustainability. Second compensatory formed, and then the third bend.

An arc curving t scoliosis is:

• C - shaped (arc 1);
• S - shaped (arc 2);
• Z - shaped (arc 3).

Depending on what the vertebrae amazed distinguish scoliosis:

• thoracic;
• breast;
• thoracolumbar;
• lumbar;
• lumbosacral;
• combined.

Radiographic studies allow:

• quantitatively evaluate the bending magnitude;
• determine the severity of the disease state.

The degrees of scoliosis are presented in Table 1:

Power	Degree	Description
first	Not more than 10%	A relatively straight spine
second	10-25%	Disrupted bodies observed movement disorders
third	20-25%	Discomfort, back pain
fourth	50%	multiorgan failure

Table 1. Radiological classification of scoliosis in children.

Most often, there is a scoliosis in adolescents 1 and 2 degrees.

symptoms of scoliosis

Curvature of the spine in a child resulting in discomfort. The final conclusion about the cause of the status change can only be done by the doctor. However, to notice and pay attention to are the parents.

Signs of a scoliosis:

• complaints of pain in the back, the legs, the pelvis;
• fatigue, tension in the muscles of the back, shoulders;
• fast fatiguability;
• difficulty breathing;
• tingling in the hand on the side of the bend;
• intercostal neuralgia;
• hunched back;
• facial asymmetry, torticollis;
• or omission of one shoulder blade
• the curvature of the pelvis;
• lameness.

It is important that the most vulnerable spine from six to eighteen years old. At this age, parents need to be attentive.

diagnosis of scoliosis

Diagnosis and treatment of scoliosis has been orthopedist. Conducted medical history and complaints. Conducted examination of the child in different positions, standing, sitting, lying down. Patient extends skoliozometriyu (skoliometriyu) using a device that determines the spine deflection in degrees.

This research may be conducted in the dynamics, to confirm the effect of the treatment. When the doctor prescribes indications ray diagnostics (fluoroscopy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance therapy). Versatile estimated results of the survey are assigned a comprehensive treatment.

How to diagnose scoliosis at home

First we need to consider the child in a relaxed state. posture change thus can be clearly seen. Attention is drawn to the uneven shoulder girdle, the asymmetry of the blades. When standing, even with lowered hands along the body, the gaps formed between the elbow and waist. Normally, they look the same on the right and the left.

The bones of the pelvis should be positioned symmetrically on the left and the right.

The position leaning forward with his hands down, the two halves of the back - straight, with no bulging and hillocks. In the absence of bends can make your finger along the vertebrae protruding appendages. The children of the first year of life (congenital scoliosis) strain can manifest inability to lie straight, difficulty turning the head to one side, torticollis.

The scheme of treatment of scoliosis in a child

Treatment of scoliosis is complex and has three main areas:

• mobilization curved department;
• deformation correction;
• stabilization of the vertebrae in the state after correction.

The first two points are implemented through the spine unloading and removal of curvature.

For this purpose, restorative measures:

• adherence of the day;
• optimum motor, physical load;
• balance of power;
• compliance with the rules of occupational health and recreation.

And also, special orthopedic methods:

• active correction - anitiskolioznaya gymnastics, therapeutic massage;
• passive correction - traction on an incline;

Curvature of the spine in a child can be corrected at the expense of functional changes, not always possible to dramatically affect the structure of bone, ligament apparatus.

Therefore, be sure to consolidation achieved stabilization effect:

• development of natural muscular corset;
• Wearing orthopedic corsets.

Important area of ​​treatment and rehabilitation - recovery and correction of internal organs with the participation of various medical specialists functions.

Treatment of cervical scoliosis

The primary manifestations of cervical scoliosis can be seen on closer inspection, differences in the height of the shoulders, finding ear lobes at different levels. The child complains of weakness, headaches.

Further progression of the disease leads to the following criteria:

• pain in temples, which increases at an inclination of the head, pain in the heart;
• dizziness, nausea, flashing black flies before his eyes;
• loss of vision and hearing;
• numbness of the tongue;
• changes neck skin sensitivity;
• difficulties with increased physical load.

At the initial stages of scoliosis is conducted conservative therapy:

• hygiene postures and movements during sleep;
• implementation of hygiene requirements when working at the desk (lighting, height of a chair, table, footrest);
• physical training, hardening in accordance with the recommendations of a physician;
• complex medical gymnastics;
• the strengthening of the back muscles (massage, electrical stimulation);
• Use corset medicines prescribed by a doctor;
• balanced diet.

Deviation of the spine axis by more than 40% - an indication for surgical consultation. The goal of surgery - to return the spine as possible straightened state with the help of metal structures.

Treatment of thoracic scoliosis

Symptoms of scoliosis of the thoracic spine with a deviation of 25 degrees:

• when viewed - asymmetry shoulder, the lower rib arcs, the slope of the upper half of the right or left of the torso;
• complaints of pain, muscle tension in the thoracic spine, spread her hand (on the side of the curvature), pain, difficulty in breathing.

When the recess deformation up to 45-60 degrees shifted lumbar organs of the abdominal cavity, formed disc protrusion. Curvature of the spine of the child in the thoracic region confronts two problems medical experts.

1. Restore straightened state of the spine, which in turn involves the use of methods of osteopathy, massage, physiotherapy, physical therapy, certain types of sports, selection corset.
2. Simultaneously, recovery of the internal organ functions, together with other medical specialists.

Treatment of scoliosis of the lumbar

Deviation lumbar most - during the deformation compensation thoracic (S-shaped scoliosis).

Signs of scoliosis of the lumbar:

• during the inspection - the asymmetry of the pelvis, in leg length;
• stiffness, numbness in the limbs, gait changes;
• muscle soreness in feet when driving;
• swelling of the lumbar region;
• deviations in the work of organs and systems.

Methods of treatment:

• physiotherapy (physical therapy, massage therapy, hydrotherapy, mud);
• wearing corsets;
• drugs (analgesics, anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants with the contra).

In severe cases - surgery.

Physiotherapeutic treatments for scoliosis

Physical methods of treatment for scoliosis is carried out in order to:

• improve the blood circulation in the tissues of the vertebrae and normalize neuromuscular transmission;
• reduce pain;
• eliminate inflammation;
• optimize muscle tone in different groups of muscles of the back.

physiotherapeutic treatment methods are shown in Table 2.

method name	Description
Improve blood circulation	electrophoresis with drugs
myostimulating	SMC - therapy, electrical stimulation, stream shower
miorelaksiruyuschee	Massage weakened muscles, vibration therapy
metabolic	General ultraviolet irradiation, baths
Correction of posture disorders	Active technique (LFK), passive technique (redressatsiya orthopedic corsets)

Table 2. Methods of physiotherapeutic treatment of scoliosis.

Exercise therapy for scoliosis

Therapeutic exercises in spinal curvature in the child intended to solve the following problems:

• strengthening the natural muscular corset;
• coordination training;
• maintaining correct posture;
• capacity to the optimum power endurance limits;
• normalization of the functions of respiration and circulation systems;
• improvement of general physical condition;
• correction of psycho-emotional reactions.

The basis of physical therapy for scoliosis - corrective gymnastics, which consists of a set of exercises.

When symmetric corrective exercises aligned muscle pull to the right and the left. Asymmetric corrective exercises operate locally on a certain area. The effect is to strengthen the weak muscle group, uniform stretching of ligaments and muscles attached to them.

An exemplary set of exercises that you can do at home

Initially, 5-10 minutes to warm up for the gradual stress on muscles and joints. This exercise to maintain the correct posture, graceful movements of hands, shoulders rotation, flexion in the joints, lean forward, to the side. The recommended number of repetitions of movements from 5 to 15. Mandatory requirement - the rhythmic breathing.

This is followed by a more intense and differentiated range of basic symmetrical and asymmetrical exercises. Includes movement with traction without twisting, imitation cycling, lifting of the body, bowing back in position on all fours, asymmetrical corrective exercises in the lateral position.

Some of them are carried out with the use of pads (underlay for proper load distribution on the spine). Mandatory part of the complex - training thoracic and abdominal respiration, as in scoliosis deformed thorax and disrupted physiology breaths.

After a short break to recover a measured breath, held final exercise: walking on toes, heels, rolling on the floor. The complex procedures for scoliosis successfully complements the therapeutic swimming. stress intensity swimming species picks up medical specialist.

Decompensated scoliosis held detorsionnye exercises that corrects the distortion and ensure the prevention of spinal injuries.

Is a set of exercises by qualified medical professionals. Some exercises are performed only in the presence of gymnastics instructor who determines their intensity. Violation of the doctor's recommendations lead to a deterioration of the child's condition, the development of complications.

Massage in scoliosis

massage task for scoliosis:

• optimization of metabolic processes;
• normalization of circulatory functions breathing;
• creating a correct posture;
• strengthening the muscles of the trunk.

The impact of massage at a scoliosis complements other methods. Namely, it relaxes tones or different groups of muscles constituting the trunk corset, improves the trophism of the tissue, has analgesic effect.

Techniques, massage techniques depend on the degree of severity of the process and require professional qualifications. If desired, parents independently carry out the correction method, you must be trained by the experts.

Application corsets for scoliosis

Corset (posture corrector) - orthopedic product intended for the prevention and treatment of scoliosis.

Used for the purpose of:

• stop the deformation of the spinal column;
• stabilize after correction;
• maintain good posture.

Corsetry selected on the basis of age, original disease, the causes of disease, age of the child and the degree of deformation.

Posture Corrector for the prevention of scoliosis

This type of corset for the correction of scoliosis first degree or to maintain a correct posture (for example during school hours). The kit can include a vest, a belt with shoulder straps or without them, made of soft materials. As a rule, these products are intended for temporary wearing.

Therapeutic posture correctors for scoliosis

For the correction of light degrees corsets are made of denser material than preventive. In case of severe deformation, a corset fabric sewed special aluminum plate along line vertebrae. The product looks like a combination of a vest, belt or supporting belt straps with the lower, depending on what kind of deformed spine.

In cases of decompensated scoliosis used thoracolumbar corset, fixing the correct position of the spine along its length. Selects posture corrector orthopedist.

Following his advice when buying or ordering a corset you need to know:

• the basic parameters of the selection of a corset - growth, the volume of the chest;
• in severe deformation is better to order a corset individually;
• Corset materials must comply with health standards;
• the duration of wearing the corset determined by the physician;
• you must carefully observe the child's condition, especially at first use posture corrector.

The consequences of scoliosis in children

When the first and second degree of scoliosis is possible to prevent serious complications, provided timely correction started. When scoliosis (grade 3-4) deformity of the spine begins to significantly affect the quality of life, to create conditions for the development of complications in the internal organs.

Spine regulates the processes of the whole organism, as a kind of universal inner support. After spinal nerve roots (out through openings between the vertebrae) is provided innervation of internal organs, blood vessels, muscles. In the pathology of the spinal column, disturbed food body tissues.

Disrupted inflow and outflow of blood in the brain, blood oxygen enrichment process in the lungs uropoiesis digestion. Chest deformity is accompanied by the development of respiratory, cardio - vascular insufficiency. Bending of the spine in the lumbar region, causing pathological processes excretory (kidney ptosis), the reproductive system.

Suffer organs of the gastrointestinal tract: difficulty of outflow of bile, hiatal hernia, constipation due to the weakening of the abdominal muscles. The deformation of the intervertebral discs, vertebrae violates the load distribution on the joints (hip, knee). deformation of the body, noticeable appearance, is an aesthetic defect (this is important to recognize the parents).

Curvature of the spine in a child can complete a full recovery and start a chain reaction of pathological states for many years. Timely medical examinations, attention to the problems of the age of the child parents, adopted in the family healthy body culture will avoid strain: physical, emotional, social.

Author: Elmira Kagirova

Video of the curvature of the spine in children, its symptoms and treatments

Fragment of the program "Live healthy" about childhood scoliosis:

Exercises for scoliosis: