Pyelonephritis in children. Symptoms and Treatment. Antibiotics, diet, folk remedies

The inflammatory process in the kidneys that occurs due to penetration of infection in the body of the child, may cause tubular pyelocaliceal area authority and its soft tissues. There are many reasons for pyelonephritis can occur in children.

In order not to miss the initial phase of the disease and the first symptoms parents should be attentive to the child. We should not ignore the complaints of deterioration of health.

Causes of pyelonephritis in children

Distinguish 2 basic categories of reasons that can lead to the development of pathology:

1. The direct penetration of the infection into the body. Pathogenic microorganisms can get into ascending path, which means the penetration of bacteria through the urinary system. Due to the structural features of the girls' risk of pyelonephritis is much higher: the urethra is poorly protected and can not actively resist the ingress of infection. Pathogenic fungi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus - is the main causative agents which, when ingested, can spread through the urinary system. In other cases, the bacteria cause abnormalities in the propagation of the body through the blood or lymph, or are due to tonsillitis, otitis, tonsillitis and other diseases.
2. Failure of the kidneys. When anatomy structure of organs basic functions (filtration, cleaning the body of toxins and their removal) are carried out with violations. Latency harmful metabolic products results in damage to the kidneys and cause pyelonephritis.

In chronic process can occur several colonies of microbes that simultaneously reproduce and spread infection throughout the body.

Factors predisposing to the development of pyelonephritis

The disease can be triggered by several factors, under whose influence on the body increases the risk of pyelonephritis:

• Decreased immunity, lack of vitamins.
• Hypothermia in the lumbar region.
• Frequent episodes of viral or infectious diseases.
• Injury in the lumbar spine.
• Pathological processes during pregnancy in women, intrauterine infections.
• Hereditary factor.
• Improper diet.
• Abnormalities in the structure of the kidney.
• Failure to observe personal hygiene.
• Inflammation of the vulva, anus or perineum.
• Intestinal infections.

A feature of the urinary tract is that they can not remain sterile and are in communication with the external environment. In the normal level of the general immunity infection spreads due to higher stability of the child's protective mechanisms of the body. However, in the event of a favorable environment for bacteria infection actively penetrates deep into the body.

classification of pyelonephritis

Kidney damage may have several types and forms, depending on the degree of development of disease.

special classifier is designed for ease of diagnosis:

the disease	The acute form. The chronic form (recurrent or latent stage).
Depending on the occurrence of factors	Primary. Secondary.
disease period	The active phase. Partial remission. Clinical and laboratory remission.
According to the degree of violation	Without renal dysfunction. With impaired renal function. Chronic disorder.

When the primary form of organ damage caused by penetration of infection, pyelonephritis secondary cause of anomaly is a body structure and urinary retention. Pyelonephritis in children, symptoms of which may vary depending on the age, in the acute stage is manifested in the distinct features.

For about two months, the disease can be completely cured.

At the acute stage of the disease, depending on the nature of the flow release a single or bilateral disease, purulent, serous pyelonephritis. Chronic step lasts 6 months or more relapses may occur several times, and the treatment of this form will be prolonged.

Symptoms of acute pyelonephritis in children

A wide range of symptoms can often be confused with pyelonephritis other similar diseases. Symptoms of the disease vary depending on the age of the child.

At the age of a child under 1 year of clinical manifestations are expressed in general intoxication:

• Increase in body temperature up to high levels.
• Nausea, vomiting, regurgitation.
• The refusal of the meal.
• Dullness of the skin.
• intestinal disorder.
• Crying, which the child expresses the difficulty and painful urination.
• Increase of the spleen and liver size.

At older ages, are the following symptoms:

• Clouding of urine.
• The appearance of puffiness.
• Frequent urination.
• Pain in the lumbar region.
• Weakness, headaches.
• Heat.

With age, the child can explain the unpleasant symptoms, which will greatly assist the doctor in determining the causes of deterioration of health.

Symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis in a child

The chronic form of the disease can occur implicitly or with the occurrence of a specific frequency of relapses.

Symptoms may increase and then decrease gradually:

• High temperatures, which appears and disappears for no apparent reason.
• Tenderness in the lumbar and abdominal pain, the nature and extent of which is constantly changing.
• Frequent urination, during which the child is uncomfortable.
• Changes in behavior: lack of energy, fatigue, drowsiness, paleness, bruising under the eyes or the appearance of a bluish tint in the nasolabial triangle zone.
• Clouding urine, pus occurrence of inclusions in a liquid.

When the latent form of the disease symptoms may be absent, making it difficult to correct diagnosis.

diagnosis of pyelonephritis

The acute symptoms of the disease are essential indication for a doctor's visit.

This survey complex and to evaluate all possible test results, which can confirm the diagnosis:

• Examination of urine. When dealing with complaints of high fever with no symptoms of SARS doctor must issue a direction on the analysis of urine change. Pyelonephritis urinary level of leukocytes is raised, bacteria, protein level of not more than 1 g / l, individual erythrocytes. Also, impurities can be detected pus.
• Cumulative sample.
• Bacteriological sowings to determine the sensitivity to antibiotics.
• Research blood analysis, which will be visible signs of infection: enhance ESR, increase of leukocytes, reduced hemoglobin.
• Analysis of blood biochemistry. The survey determined level of protein and protein fractions.
• Samples Zimnitsky to detect renal functionality.
• Ultrasound of the urinary system to detect changes or anatomical abnormalities.
• Doppler renal blood flow.

If in doubt, a child may be directed to other tests and additional tests.

treatment of pyelonephritis

Depending on the shape and course of the disease an individual treatment will be chosen for the child, based on an integrated approach. Medical therapy is directed at eliminating the associated symptoms, as well as the suppression of the infection process. To eliminate the causative agent used antibiotics.

In complicated cases may require hospitalization.

Pyelonephritis in children, symptoms of which are as defined above, requires bed rest during treatment and careful attitude to the question of drawing up the menu for each day. Additional methods may be the methods of alternative medicine and physiotherapy.

preparations

Without the use of drugs is not possible the treatment of pyelonephritis.

After confirming a presumptive diagnosis doctor it may prescribe medications to reduce the severity of common symptoms:

• To reduce the high temperature: Ibuprofen, Paracetamol.
• Preparations anti-inflammatory action: Voltaren, Ortofen.
• Means for relieving pain and spasms: No-spa.
• Uroseptiki (Kanefron H) - drugs needed to remove a urinary tract infection. They are able to stop the proliferation of pathogenic organisms at the local level and perform protective functions.
• Vitamin complexes to enhance the body's defenses.

Taking antibiotics is the main method of combating the disease. Assigning specific drug the doctor should be carried out after obtaining the results of a survey on susceptibility to specific groups of products, as well as after the determination of the pathogen - bacteria.

At the beginning of the treatment of broad-spectrum antibiotics may be prescribed, after which they should be replaced by narrowly targeted drugs: penicillins, cephalosporins. The general course of antibiotic therapy is 4 weeks, and the replacement of the preparation is done every 6-10 days.

Folk remedies

The use of funds of alternative medicine will be aimed at increasing the immunity of the child, reduce inflammation and increase the frequency of emptying the bladder:

• A good diuretic can be introduced into the diet of watermelon.
• 3 tsp lingonberry leaf pour 1 cup of hot water and boiled at low heat for 10-15 minutes. After that, the broth filter and take throughout the day.
• 2 tsp parsley fruit crushed and fill two cups of purified water. After insisting for days tincture take 3 times a day for 2-3 tbsp

Significantly reduce the severity of the disease will allow the tea from aspen bark. To do this, take 2 tablespoons Raw pour them one glass of water. Bark boil for 7-10 minutes. and allowing broth to cool, to be taken by means of 50 ml three times per day.

Before using any of the methods should be pre-consult with the doctor who will make a decision with arguments about the possibility of an additional use of folk remedies.

physiotherapy

The main aim of physiotherapy is to intensify the process of outflow of stagnant urine, redevelopment of infectious lesions, inhibition of inflammation and an increase in the protective reaction of the organism child.

Depending on the shape and extent of disease of the pathological process can be recommended to the following procedure:

• Hot compress.
• Paraffin wraps.
• Exposure to high-frequency electric current to the lumbar region.
• Reception warm baths.
• The use of therapeutic mud.
• Sodium chloride baths.

The whole complex of procedures will eliminate the pain, but also increase the amount of urine output by the body of the child. Such procedures may be carried out in periods stihanija active phase of the inflammatory process. Before carrying out physiotherapy, check for elevated body temperature and severe overall health.

Treatment measures for acute pyelonephritis in children

Pyelonephritis in children, the symptoms of which the acute phase of the disease is especially clearly expressed, almost always accompanied by complaints of low back pain and high fever. A child may be hospitalized.

Treatment will be based on an integrated approach:

• Provision of bed rest.
• Acceptance of antibacterial agents.
• Administration of drugs to reduce symptoms.
• Maintaining a diet to reduce the load on the kidneys.

Duration of treatment is about 4 weeks, after which a child can be discharged. After discharge, it is recommended to be registered to the pediatrician to monitor the status. After the absence of recurrence for a long period of the child may be removed from the register.

Treatment of children with chronic pyelonephritis

To suppress microbial-inflammatory necessarily conducted antibiotic therapy. Unlike acute pyelonephritis in chronic treatment duration can be adjusted: during active inflammatory process take drugs for 1-3 weeks during periods of inactive phase - support courses are held at intervals of 3-4 weeks.

It is important to stick to a diet for a long time.

Diet therapy. Rules and guidelines

In about 30% of cases of acute form of the disease becomes chronic. In order to avoid this should follow the doctor's recommendations, not only with respect to medication, but also nutritional advice.

The basic principles that should be observed:

• Portions should be small.
• Nutrition should be a fraction, 4-5 times per day.
• Dishes should not be greasy. It is recommended to cook food for a couple, or in the oven and cook.
• Allowed rate of fat should be added to the ready-made dishes.
• During the diet should give preference to water, juice, unsweetened natural juices. Carbonated beverages should be completely eliminated.

Pyelonephritis in children, as in adults, is the basis for a complete renunciation of smoked, spicy or too salty food. Maintaining diet to accelerate the process of restoring renal function, reducing the severity of symptoms and removal of metabolic products.

The need for changes in the habitual diet is due to the need to reduce the burden on the body and improve the effectiveness of the treatment. Also, it will soften the overall clinical picture and prevent the re-recurrence of the disease.

Authorized products

Foods that can be consumed in the diet in the treatment of the disease include:

• Vegetable soups.
• Butter and vegetable oil.
• Fruits and berries, as well as fruit drinks based on them (watermelon, pumpkin, cranberry, apple, currants).
• Vegetables: potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, cucumbers, beets, zucchini, carrots.
• No more than 70g of sugar per day.
• Sweet tea is rather weak.
• Pasta.
• Cereals.
• Lean meats and fish.
• Milk and milk products.
• Wheat bread.
• Eggs.

At infringement of acid-base balance may be a lack of vitamin C. To make up for the deficit is recommended to use dried apricots, raisins, almonds, walnuts, bananas, peaches, apricots.

Such a diet will allow to receive all the necessary vitamins and minerals needed to maintain a healthy immune system. From sweets, be used in a small amount of marmalade and pastilles.

prohibited products

Pyelonephritis in children, the symptoms may be similar to other diseases, the doctor can confirm only after a full examination. On the basis of the diet will be chosen for the child, according to which should be avoided during the treatment of the products that can be irritating to the kidneys.

These include:

• Cocoa, strong tea.
• Legumes.
• Fatty broth of meat and fish.
• Mushrooms and mushroom broth.
• Sauces with the addition of harmful components.
• Carbonated drinks.
• Spices and seasonings.
• Salty cheeses.
• Smoked.
• Semi-finished food from fast food.
• Chocolate and other sweets.
• Canned products.
• Radish, onions, radishes, sorrel.

In the first days of supply should be a diet based mainly on vegetables and fruits. Once you feel better, you can gradually expand a diet, since eating cereals with milk. From fried foods for the period of treatment to completely give up. Even small amounts of prohibited use of products can cause acute painful episodes.

drinking regime

When expressed acute symptoms it is recommended significantly increase fluid intake. Besides water should offer child stewed fruit, vegetable and fruit juices unsweetened, weak tea.

Urine will not stagnate in the body of the child, which has a positive impact on the overall process of recovery. It is recommended to consume about 1.5-2 liters of fluid a day every day.

prognosis

If early detection of the disease process in the kidneys and begin treatment, in most cases, after adequate treatment of any complications arise.

If you ignore the obvious signs of disease or improper treatment or failure to comply with the doctor's recommendations possible negative effects:

• The development purulent process.
• Renal insufficiency.
• Blood poisoning.
• Renal coma.
• Rickets.
• Pneumonia.
• intestinal dysbiosis.
• Hypertension.
• Severe intoxication child's body.

After suffering the risk of disease recurrence remains. That is why it is very important to be registered with a pediatrician and pediatric nephrology periodically visit for consultation and monitoring of possible deviations in the work of the kidneys.

In order to avoid the child pyelonephritis should be possible to carry out preventive measures, the basic principle of which - the maintenance of the body's protective functions at a high level. Drawing attention to the complaints of the child and appeared Adverse symptoms can begin to effective treatment and maintain a special diet to suppress the infection process within 1 month.

Video of pyelonephritis in children, its symptoms and treatments

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