Platelets are raised, lowered blood. Norma, what it means, how to raise, lower the level of the adult, child

Optimal platelet count in the blood - a mandatory component health of the circulatory system. If there are any violations of a person should visit a doctor-hematologist to prevent disease progression and time to increase or, conversely, to reduce the platelets in the blood.

Platelets and their functions in the body

Platelet-called blood cells, regulating hemostasis.

Also, you can often hear such a definition of platelets as "red blood cells". The magnitude of platelets reach about 3 microns in diameter, the small size of these blood cells due to their nuclear-free structure. platelet formation process occurs in the bone marrow.

In a static position platelets resemble the shape of the curved discs, and they increase in volume and take a spherical form in motion.

The main function of platelets is to protect the cardiovascular system, and in case of injury (cuts, tears), these cells They are able to form pseudopodia - original protuberances that help cells communicate with each other, regenerating damaged tissue.

Platelets are involved in blood clotting - hemostasis. Hemostasis - one of the main body's ability to heal itself. If it had not happened a process such as hemostasis, every living thing would die from blood loss at the slightest damage to the tissues.

The process of clotting via the interaction of about 40 components, including proteins, enzymes and other blood components. This mechanism is rather complicated, but at the same time is very, very important. A bleeding disorder - a serious pathology that requires immediate medical intervention.

In addition to all of the above platelets are another important function - they provide the body cells vital micronutrient, the ie, provide nutrients for the entire circulatory system, which determines the health of the body and, as a consequence, the state of health person.

platelet norm in child and adult

A quantitative platelet content in the total weight of the blood must be at a certain level. Any deviation from normal values ​​speaks of the need to carry out a preventive medical examination.

In general, each person, adults and children, it is recommended to pass the annual baseline medical examination, which includes among others KLA surveys - complete blood count, whereby the doctor will determine whether the content of certain cells standards indicators.

Platelets in the blood increase the need and as a child, if there is this pathology. Although a slight deviation from normal values ​​is quite possible, it is better not to neglect the existence of such a feature, and periodically monitor the situation with the help of a doctor.

Prolonged inactivity when increasing or decreasing platelet content in the blood often leads to irreversible failure in humans. When the clinical picture of minor violations of absent symptoms appear, usually with a serious deviation from the norm.

Consider the optimal values ​​of platelet levels for different ages:

Age	platelet count
newborns	180 – 490
0-1 months.	180 – 400
to a year	180 – 400
1 - 2 years	160 – 390
25 years	160 – 390
5 - 15 years	180 – 320
15 years and older	180 – 320

As can be seen from the table, from birth and throughout the life of platelets in the blood level is gradually changing. Tolerances in one direction or another - only 1-2 units. All that is greater than or, on the contrary, does not hold up to normal - a reason to pass a thorough medical examination and, therefore, treatment.

Causes of high levels of platelets

certain diseases can platelets in the blood to increase. Excessive amounts of platelet mass is called thrombocytosis. Thrombocytosis can be both primary and secondary.

The occurrence of primary thrombocytosis occurs as a symptom associated tumor process, such as a myelogenous leukemia or erythremia. Progression of one of these diseases leads to an increase in blood platelet formation not only weight but also the buffy.

Secondary thrombocytosis may be due to many factors.

The most frequent are:

• insufficient blood microcirculation;
• the presence of an infectious disease of bacterial, fungal or viral in origin;
• pneumonia;
• acute meningitis;
• liver disease;
• Candidiasis (thrush);
• aspergillosis.

In the event of the inflammatory process triggered excessive production of interleukins that promote synthesis special hormone thrombopoietin, responsible for the production and growth of the platelet supply and its utilization surplus. When hormone deficiency thrombopoietin immunity wanes, general health deteriorated.

Thrombocytosis in many cases is a consequence of the progression of diseases such as:

• kollegnoz;
• chronic liver disease;
• rheumatic fever;
• Henoch disease;
• sarcoidosis.

Platelets in the blood can increase the banal anemia. In this case it is necessary to identify the levels of ferritin - positive protein, due to which there is storage, development and regulation of the amount of iron in the blood.

Reduction of spleen removal or - one of the reasons, which leads to an increase in the platelet mass. This is due to the fact that the spleen is responsible for handling a third of the platelets, and its atrophy It causes platelet recovery and deceleration, respectively, an increase in the total amount.

Most malignant tumors is also accompanied by thrombocytosis. Thus, the presence of such tumors, as lymphoma, neuroblastoma and hepatoblastoma practically always there is an increase in platelet count. If successful treatment outcome tumor quantitative platelet normalized with time.

A slight increase in the platelet mass may be a manifestation of adverse reactions from taking any medications. Most often, this effect gives sympathomimetics, corticosteroids and antimiotiki.

blood cell imbalance sometimes happens in such seemingly innocuous reasons such as:

• excess weight;
• excessive exercise;
• drinking alcohol in large quantities over a long period of time;
• stressful situations and experiences.

evidence

Thrombocytosis - just terrible disease. However, the symptoms are often confused with increasing pressure, fatigue and general malaise.

Among the most common symptoms of thrombocytosis are the following:

• severe weakness;
• headache;
• dizziness;
• nose bleed;
• bleeding gums;
• vision problems;
• the presence of blood in the veins of the chair.

If the disease is spilled over into more serious and dangerous form, symptoms may already be slightly different:

• bruises and bruises formed under slight pressure;
• itching;
• dyspnea;
• dystonia.

Thus, the clinical picture of thrombocytosis can be seen by the patient if he is attentive to your body and watch your health. Important if you have any of the above symptoms go to the hospital to confirm or refute the diagnosis.

methods of diagnosis

The slightest suspicion on the development of thrombocytosis must be a reason for treatment to the doctor. Research and treatment of diseases of the blood has been haematologist. At the reception, a hematologist must be answered clearly and truthfully to questions to clarify the picture.

The physician should clarify the symptoms troubling the patient, study the history, reveal the presence of risk factors, as well as a thorough examination of the patient. Palpation of the spleen will make it clear whether there is any change of this body, as it is dysfunction of the spleen in the first place becomes a cause of thrombocytosis.

After a visual inspection and survey the doctor refers the patient to a blood test. This is the most important laboratory study showing the quantitative content of different blood components. With the blood test is also determined by the presence or absence of infection in the body.

A more detailed picture will help to make some of these instrumental and laboratory tests like blood microscopy, ultrasound research bodies, in particular, the spleen, and magnetic resonance imaging, in many cases, allows to determine the root cause disease. In order to eliminate the primary thrombocytosis biopsy may require bone marrow.

Preparations for the treatment of thrombocytosis

Initiate treatment of thrombocytosis is necessary immediately after diagnosis. Otherwise, you can prevent the development of life-threatening complications. Drug treatment of thrombocytosis performed using the following drugs: klobidrogel, ticlopidine or acetylsalicylic acid.

Dosage and duration of medications assigned exclusively physician, depending on the patient's age and severity of the disease. If thrombocytosis combined with conditions such as ischemia and thrombosis, several other medications, such as livarudin, argotoban and heparin can be assigned.

Thrombocytosis during pregnancy are treated very carefully. Of all the drugs in this case it is permissible to use only the dipyridamole, which is assigned to the minimum dosage. In particularly severe cases may be a question of cytostatic therapy - removal of the separation of platelets from the total surplus of the blood.

Throughout the process of treatment, the doctor should observe the dynamics of the recovery in time to change the medication or the dosage of prescription medications, if necessary.

As lower levels of platelets folk remedies: recipes the receive circuit

In addition to medications of traditional medicine, there are traditional treatments thrombocytosis. However, they can only be used as an adjunct to medical treatment. Immediately after the diagnosis of thrombocytosis, the patient should immediately review their lifestyle. Quitting smoking and alcohol - a necessary condition for recovery.

Next, you should start to adhere to a special diet that includes adequate intake of foods rich in potassium, iodine and iron. These can be products such as nuts, bananas, potatoes, red meat, apples, orange juice, milk and other products.

The people know a remedy for the treatment of thrombocytosis as a garlic tincture. For its preparation you need to take a few cloves of garlic, chop them up and pour a glass of warm water. Then let it brew for two - three hours drink. This tincture can be used as an adjunct to the treatment prescribed by the doctor and diet.

complications

If time does not diagnose thrombocytosis and not to proceed with its treatment can prevent the development of complications such as thrombosis (the emergence of large blood clots in the vessels), stroke, heart attack, pulmonary embolism, etc. All these states are deadly, and therefore, it is necessary to apply all forces to their to avoid.

Prevention high level of platelets

Hematologists of the world does not stop talking about what thrombocytosis - a very dangerous disease, which is easier to prevent than to cure. So, in order to prevent thrombocytosis, doctors recommend that adhere to the principles of good nutrition, drink plenty pure water, walk in the fresh air, do not drink alcoholic beverages, that is, to conduct the most healthy way life.

The reasons for low levels of platelets

Increase in blood platelets is necessary only when there is their low content (thrombocytopenia), usually on a background of other ailments and is thus a symptom of them. Thus, increased production of thrombocytes in the blood often accompanies diseases such as liver cirrhosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and even different types of oncology.

That is why, having found the first signs of thrombocytopenia, the patient must undergo a more in-depth survey, to finally figure out what is the reason and how to treat such a condition.

Consider the possible causes of thrombocytopenia:

• unhealthy lifestyle;
• alcoholism;
• Verlgofa disease;
• vitamin B12 deficiency;
• Iron-deficiency anemia;
• heavy or prolonged menstruation and bleeding postpartum;
• spleen diseases;
• oncology;
• poisoning by chemicals (usually lead);
• body's response to drugs used
• liver disease;
• chicken pox;

symptoms

Among the most common symptoms of thrombocytopenia following should be noted:

• long stop bleeding trauma;
• Blood from the nose or mouth;
• bruising and bruising with small impacts and pressed;
• bleeding gums;
• heavy and prolonged menstruation;
• the presence of blood in the veins of urine and feces.

methods of diagnosis

Diagnose thrombocytopenia can only haematologist. To do this, conducted a specific set of tests: complete blood count, ultrasound of the spleen and other internal organs, bone marrow biopsy.

In some situations, the use of additional, more in-depth analyzes. Only after a detailed examination, the doctor will be able to determine the true cause of the thrombocytopenia and to propose specific in this case the treatment regimen.

Preparations for the treatment, instructions for use

A significant departure from the normal downward platelet count indicates that the patient must undergo a detailed examination, and then treatment.

Platelets in the blood to increase in the following ways:

• receiving glucocorticoids;
• reception of dedicated funds: prednisolone, thrombin Revoleyda;
• intravenous preparation containing antibodies donor blood;
• platelet transfusion of blood components (with significant complications and disorders development);
• bone marrow transplantation (in particularly difficult cases).

The course of treatment of thrombocytopenia averages from 1 to 7 days. It all depends on the degree of development of the disease and the chosen method of treatment. In some cases, thrombocytopenia is chronic (hepatitis, HIV, lupus erythematosus), and these patients have to undergo courses of treatment throughout life with some interruptions.

How to increase the level of platelets folk remedies: recipes the receive circuit

In addition to drugs and thrombocytopenia treated using the popular method. However, traditional medicine should be only as an adjunct to medical care, due to the seriousness of this disease.

Known methods of increasing the level of platelets in blood using folk remedies:

• decoction of nettles. Tablespoon of dried grass is filled with 200 ml of water and boiled for 10 min. The resulting broth is taken 3 times a day for two tablespoons before meals;

• verbena broth. Prepared and adopted in the same way as a decoction of nettles. The beverage has a high therapeutic efficacy;
• receiving sesame oil tablespoon while eating at least 4 times a day can also help overcome thrombocytopenia;
• the use of beet boiled and baked form - a good way to increase the number of red blood cells.

possible complications

Symptomatology low level of platelets in the blood, usually weak. For this reason, patients often find that there is something wrong when the disease has already flowed at a fairly serious level. Meanwhile, late detection of thrombocytopenia can lead to very unfortunate consequences.

So, there is a risk of bleeding in the abdominal cavity, a large blood loss with minor cuts and other injuries, strokes and heart attacks. To avoid complications and to save his own life, a patient suspected of having thrombocytopenia shall promptly contact the medical facility for the provision of skilled care.

Prevention low platelet level

For the prevention of thrombocytopenia and in the very early stages of the disease the patient has a chance to avoid the negative scenarios.

Thus, among the preventive measures to ensure that the platelets in the blood to increase rapidly and effectively, it may be noted:

• limitation of physical activity. You can leave a light gymnastics and morning, not too difficult to charge;
• establish nocturnal sleep (at least 9 hours);
• observe the regime of work and rest, take appropriate breaks;
• eat more fish, red meat, nuts, cheese, vegetables, fruits and herbs;
• eliminate from the diet of pickles and marinades, spicy and fried foods, soda, meats, limit sugar;
• completely give up alcohol and smoking;
• avoid taking anti-inflammatory drugs such as Analgin, aspirin;
• drink more pure water and less tea, coffee;
• monitor the level of platelets in the blood by blood test at least once every six months. This will allow to observe the dynamics and in which case in a timely manner to determine whether the blood platelets needed to raise or lower.

Based on the foregoing, it is necessary once again to emphasize the importance of platelets in the blood.

Everyone, worrying about their health should be at least once a year undergo preventive medical examination, including a complete blood count, which allows you to track whether there are any disturbances in the body, in time to promote or demote platelets.

Useful video of platelets and their normal values ​​in the blood

5 ways to increase the platelet count in the home:

The reasons for the reduced number of platelets: