Neurodermatitis. Species, photo and treatment in adults and children. What it is, causes and symptoms

Neurodermatitis relates to a chronic disease, for which treatment means are used to alleviate or eliminate symptoms.

Symptoms vary in severity depending on the type of pathology. Specialists recommended independent choice of medicines, as initially required to remove the causes of the disease, the main treatment is given thereafter.

What is neurodermatitis

Neurodermatitis - this dermatological disease with neurogenic nature and takes place in the chronic form. The pathology is accompanied by a variety of rashes on the skin with the manifestation of an itch and the inflammatory process. The disease can affect the skin at any age except infants.

Outwardly neurodermatitis expressed oval appearance of papules (formation disposed above the core layer of the epidermis) of different sizes. Formation can be localized in different areas of the body tend to draining. Struck by the skin, due to increased dryness, is subject to strong peel.

The disease can occur in three forms:

• easy. The rash occurs only occasionally occupy a small area, itching weakly expressed. Easy to medical treatment;
• average. The rash appears every 3 months and occupies a large area on the skin. Accompanied by severe itching. It responds poorly to therapy;
• heavy. Stains can occupy a vast area with accompaniment intolerable itching. Taking medicines rarely gives a positive result.

Between rashes observed increase in immunoglobulin E (antibodies produced during the development of an allergic reaction). Atopic dermatitis is not contagious.

The causes of disease

Neurodermatitis (types and treatment depend on the cause of the disease) develops due to disorders of the nervous system (stress, nervous stress) but also there are other precipitating factors:

• hereditary predisposition on the line;
• frequent manifestations of an allergic reaction;
• mental and physical overload;
• diseases of the intestine, especially in the chronic form;
• violation of the diet (a diet with a lack of vitamins and minerals, the lack of food);
• failure to comply with the regime of the day (lack of sleep, the uneven distribution of work and leisure time);
• endocrine diseases (diabetes, thyroid disease);
• poisoning by toxins organism (due to their long-term storage or at single yadosoderzhaschey hand products);
• violation percolation metabolic processes in the body;
• a sharp decline in the immune system;
• failure in the hormonal system;
• the presence of parasites in the body.

  

If staying in bad weather conditions or work activities in hazardous industries, the chance of developing neurodermatitis increased.

Classification and symptoms of neurodermatitis

Neurodermatitis (types and treatment is determined by a specialist), you can identify yourself, by the presence of symptoms characteristic of this disease:

• unbalanced psychological condition often show aggression and mood swings;
• violation of the process of falling asleep, and sleep quality. Due to the emergence of itching, which may be exacerbated in the night;
• cutaneous and frequent colds due to reduced immunity;
• Increased dry damaged skin, followed by desquamation;
• seal and thickening of the affected area of ​​the epidermis;
• occurrence of cracks due to excessive dryness, peeling and scratching;
• in advanced or severe disease may develop inflammation in the lymph nodes of the process;
• the formation of papular rash that often affects the face, scalp and neck. Also precipitation can affect the limbs, genital area and the anus.

  

The spots have individual characteristic form:

1. Before the appearance of the rash the skin becomes drier, the first signs of itching.
2. Formation of papules small size with the development of the inflammatory process. The color of the skin can not be changed. Itching intensified.
3. Spots acquire color from pink to brown. The formation of heart skin becomes rough and hard, cracks formed during combing.
4. Further, the formation of open wounds with blood and lymph release. Skin becomes maroon and blue. This manifestation of the penetration of dangerous infections in the exposed areas of the epidermis and into the bloodstream.
5. By scratching the skin formed crusts, which run independently after the formation underneath the new layer of skin.
6. In protracted flow rash illness may be combined into a large spot. But after the restoration of the skin rash may be localized again in this area.
7. After attenuation disease gradually restored epidermis.

Atopic dermatitis is the medical division of types depending on the places of localization of lesions:

classification of neurodermatitis	Short description
Limited	Eruptions affect a limited part of the skin. Often, they are symmetrical and have a clear oval shape. Coat color from pink to brown. Spots are formed in areas creases (folds of the extremities, on the neck or in the genital area). For rashes characterized by increased dryness and density of the skin. Cracks with separation of liquid or blood are not formed. There is intense itching.
diffuse	The rash affects extensive areas of the skin (often the spots coalesce into a single large spot) can be localized anywhere on the body, but most often on the limbs and trunk. Combing education can develop cracks with the release of fluid or blood. The damaged areas of skin frequently exposed to the development of edema. Epidermis has a red color and is covered with scales. This form of danger of falling into the open wound infections.
hypertrophic	It expressed swelling in the thighs and genitals. Itching pronounced. Possibly swollen lymph nodes in the area. Damaged skin has a denser structure can be formed warty type formations. Pathology difficult to treat and causes psychological discomfort.
Linear	Damage to the exposed fold space and toes. Inflammatory eruptions form scaly strip. Due to the presence of a strong itching and constant bending limbs may develop cracks and getting an infection in the wound. This type is difficult to treat.
Pointed follicular	Eruptions are located in the hairy part of the skin (inflammation develops around the follicle). Papules are characteristic pointed shape, stretching along the direction of hair growth. Pathology accompanied by severe itching and flaking.
depigmented	Spots in places eruptions have pale white skin tone or color. Peeling, itching and swelling are absent or occur very rarely.
Dekalviruyuschy	The rash is localized in areas vellus hair growth, but can also affect the scalp. Oval spots are small, can coalesce. With strong combing possibly injuring the skin with subsequent isolation fluid. After the formation and removal of crusts, stains may again be formed in this area. Consequently, the bulb power is disrupted and there is extinction and the subsequent loss of hair. In severe leakage may develop baldness without the possibility of hair regrowth.
Psoriaziformny	Defeat exposed the neck and scalp. Spots dense in structure, and have a red color, covered with white scales. There is intense itching.

The disease is more acute in the winter and in the summer there is a decline of rashes.

methods of diagnosis

Before the appointment of treatment expert to confirm the development of neurodermatitis and identify predisposing factor.

The methods used for the diagnosis of pathologies:

1. The interview with the patient:
   1. detected by the possibility of developing the disease hereditary line;
   2. whether there are allergic reactions and how often they occur;
   3. what symptoms are present, except for rash and how long;
   4. environmental conditions at the place of residence and work;
   5. recent illnesses and stress;
   6. the presence of chronic conditions, including the digestive tract.
2. External examination of lesions. Checks for peeling on the spot. To do this safely with a sharp object carried on damaged skin. When you change the color of the epidermis in red or white color neurodermatitis confirmed.
3. Letting tests (blood, feces, urine) to determine the overall condition of the patient and detecting the presence of hidden internal pathologies.
4. Conducting tests on the test allergic reaction.
5. Fence skin cells damaged area to exclude the presence of infections and cancer cells.

If necessary, designate additional examination by a specialist. Especially a neurologist, gastroenterologist and immunologist-allergist. Treatment is given only after a complete examination. It is important to eliminate the development of symptoms similar diseases (psoriasis, eczema, fungus).

medication

Treatment with medication is a major part of the therapy to eliminate the symptoms of neurodermatitis. Especially when the heavy or prolonged form kinds percolation pathology.

Sedatives and psychotropic drugs

The primary cause of the disease are disorders of neuro-psychological (stress, nervous overload). Therefore, treatment is always accompanied by drug administration affecting the functioning of the nervous system.

A description of the medication:

Name and dosage form	age setting	application rules
Valerian tincture (drops)	After 12 years	Take 20-30 drops 3-4 times a day. Duration of up to 30 days.
Tincture peony (drops)	After 14 years	Take 15-20 drops 2-3 times a day before meals. The duration of treatment of 14 days. Repeat the course is allowed after 90 days.
Sedavit (tablet, solution)	After 12 years	Tablets take 2 pcs. 3 times a day. A solution of 5 ml of 3 times within 24 hours. Duration of the course is chosen individually.
New Pass (syrup, tablets)	After 12 years	A single dose of one tablet or 5ml syrup. Multiplicity of 4-6 times a day. Duration of therapy is chosen individually.
Seduksen (tablet, injection)	Tablets are used with 6 months of injection after 18 years	The course and duration of treatment prescribed by the expert testimony and the general state of health of the patient.
Sonapaks (tablets)	After 4 years	The course of treatment 10-14 days. A single dosage is adjusted individually according to age.
Fenazepam (tablets and solution for injection)	After 18 years	Taken with caution, because the drug is highly addictive. Is required to comply strictly with the course of treatment (appointed specialist indications).

Drugs soothe the nervous system and further improve the quality of sleep.

Remediation of foci of chronic infection

It is important to conduct a full examination for the presence of latent chronic diseases especially of the digestive tract. Diagnosis is required to pass before starting treatment. Without addressing these pathologies the treatment will be ineffective.

The normalization of the gastrointestinal tract

In case of violation of the digestive tract functioning of the organs there is an incomplete absorption of nutrients, as well as the accumulation of toxins in the body. For the normalization of the digestive tract, the following medicines.

Name and dosage form	age setting	application rules
Lineks (capsules)	From birth	A single dose is chosen according to the minimum age of 14 days treatment.
Pancreatin (tablets, capsules, dragees)	Up to 3 years to take under supervision
Normobakt (powder for oral administration)	C 6 months	The dosage is chosen according to age. The course of treatment 10-14 days.
Polysorb (powder for oral administration)	From birth
Festalum (dragees)	From 3 years	Take 0,5-2 tablet 2-3 times a day. Duration of the course chosen by the dynamics of treatment.
Allohol (tablets)	From birth	7 years 1 tablet per day. After 7 years, 2 tablets 2-3 times a day. The duration of treatment is 20-30 days.
Creon (capsules)	It has no age limit	The course of treatment is chosen individually on the general condition and age of the patient.

To normalize the activity of the gastrointestinal tract is important to promptly purge the body of toxins (produced reception POLYSORB, activated charcoal).

antihistamines

Neurodermatitis (types and treatment depends on the presence and severity of allergic reactions) effectively eliminated when using antihistamines in treatment.

A description of the medication:

Name and dosage form	age setting	application rules
Tavegilum (tablet, syrup, injection)	After 12 months	The dosage and course of treatment are selected according to age, form of release of the drug and the severity of the allergic reaction.
Fenistil (tablets, drops, gel)
Ketotifen (syrup, tablets)
Loratadine (tablets, syrup)	After 2 years
Claritin (tablets, syrup)	From birth
Zyrtec (tablets, drops)
Zodak (tablets, syrup, drops)	Tablets with 6 years. Syrup 2 years. Drops from the year

Medications for allergy elimination is recommended to apply a preventive measure in the period of exacerbation.

Glucocorticoids for systemic use

Hormonal agents are appointed only when severe neurodermatitis flow or in advanced forms.

A description of the medication:

Name and dosage form	age setting	application rules
Lokoid (ointment, cream)	From 6 months	Apply 1-3 times a day and 7 days.
Elokim (ointment, cream, lotion)	After 2 years	Means used 1 time per day for 7-10 days. It is forbidden to handle the extensive areas of the skin.
Advantan (ointment, cream, emulsion)	From birth	Apply 1 time per day 10-14 days.
Akriderm (cream, ointment)	after a year	Use 2 times a day for 14 days. Allowed to extend the course up to 4 weeks.
Dermoveyt (cream, ointment)	In childhood, used under medical supervision	Apply 1-2 times a day for no more than 14 days. It contains a high concentration of hormones.
Ftorokort (ointment)	With 2 years	Use 1-2 times a day 5-10 days.

Drugs help eliminate itching, swelling and inflammation. It can not be used for a long time (due to habituation to the composition of preparations) and without a doctor's prescription.

hormonal ointment

To eliminate itching and speed up the recovery process of the skin appointed non-hormonal agents. These ointments have a smaller list of side effects and allowed to prolonged use.

A description of the medication:

Name and dosage form	age setting	application rules
Zinc ointment	From birth	Use 2-3 times a day to relieve symptoms.
Naftaderm (ointment)	Up to 12 years are allowed to use under the supervision of a specialist	Apply 2-3 times a day for 20-30 days.
Radevit (ointment)	From birth	Use 2 times a day. Before elimination of symptoms.
Gistan (cream, ointment, capsules)	From 14 years	Means any form of applied 1 time a day for 20 days.
Desitin (ointment)	From birth	Apply 1-2 times a day 10-14 days
Elidel (cream)	From 3 months	use 2 times a day to relieve symptoms.
Apilak (tablet, ointment)	From birth	The tablets 3 times a day, ointment applied 2 times during 24 hours. Duration of treatment 7-60 days.

Choosing ointments carried out by experts. For the treatment of the dynamics of an adjustment of the course of treatment.

physiotherapy

Physical therapy procedures are prescribed in treatment for severe forms of the disease and as a preventive measure. Before using the required consultation of the dermatologist as there are contraindications.

Appointed by the procedure:

• bath with addition of herbal infusions and tinctures (tar, resorcinol, chamomile). Thus relieving itching and prevent infection;
• ultraviolet irradiation. Procedure exfoliation process accelerates and has antibacterial properties;
• administering medication using electrophoresis;
• mud wrap. Reduce itching, nourish the skin, accelerating the process of skin regeneration;
• electrosleep. Under the influence of current impulses the patient is immersed in the healing sleep. It allows you to restore the psychological balance.

The course of these procedures is adjusted individually according to indications.

extracorporeal hemocorrection

With the use of the equipment is made of blood purification and normalization of its composition:

• plasmapheresis. Produced blood cleansing of toxins;
• limfotsitaferez. It allows you to remove from the blood of excess immune cells. Thus, there is a weakening of aggressive immune responses;
• hemosorbtion. Produced cleansing of toxins and normalize the amount of hemoglobin in the blood;
• immunoadsorption. aggressive antibodies are removed from the blood.

Procedures are prescribed for severe forms of neurodermatitis.

Folk remedies

Neurodermatitis (types and treatment interconnected by severity of disease) amenable to therapy using folk recipes. Before using the compositions prepared independently requires specialist consultation, since it is possible development of adverse reaction to the components.

Verified existing recipes:

• boil in 200 ml of water 20 g of crushed burdock root for 15 min. Infuse warm 2 hour. Take 25 ml 3 times per day;
• combine in equal proportions of hop cones and a succession of leaves. Steamed 20 g composition in 200 ml of boiling water. Drink razovo after cooling;
• compresses or lotions of plants (200 ml boiled water is taken 20 g herb). It is recommended to use the disinfecting and antiinflammatory plants (camomile, nettle, thyme);
• connect medical clay (20 g), sea salt in identical proportions. Add water until the consistency of thick yogurt. Superimpose on the affected area, when the composition is dried to remove using warm water;
• 100 g softened vaseline add 45 g of propolis powder. Use in the form of heat.

These formulations can be used in the prophylaxis and in combination with drug therapy.

food rules

In the presence of neurodermatitis is recommended to use anti-allergy diet, as well as to comply with diet (small portions of 5-6 times a day). Unhealthy foods eliminated from the diet, since it disrupts the functioning of the digestive tract. In the menu, fresh vegetables should be present every day, fruits and juices.

What causes exacerbations

Exacerbation neurodermatitis may be due to the presence of food or household allergens in daily use or contact (smoke, wool, citrus). As well as improving the physical, mental or emotional stress can trigger the development of diseases or worsen the disease.

Forecast

With timely treatment of the disease can be treated without complications. And, subject to conditions preventing the symptoms can be eliminated for years. If you ignore the symptoms or getting infections in open wounds, the formation of scar tissue, and disruption of the functioning of vital organs.

Neurodermatitis may manifest in childhood (especially in the presence of pathology in the parents). It is important to be diagnosed in a timely manner, to determine the type of disease and pick up the necessary preparations (by specialists). Subject to the prevention and complete treatment decreases symptoms.

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Author: Svetlana Kotlyachkova