Whooping cough in children. Symptoms and Treatment, photos, tests, consequences, prevention. How do you determine to treat the child folk remedies, antibiotics at home

Many infectious diseases are dangerous because they can cause complications, spreading to other organs and systems, such as whooping cough in children. Symptoms of this disease is difficult to discern immediately, and treatment must be specific.

How do you get infected

Whooping cough in children (symptoms and treatment are well understood in medicine) occurs due to contamination by airborne droplets. Communication with an infected child it is enough. But when contacting the child was vaccinated, the probability of developing the disease is low.

Needless infection occurs during talking, coughing or sneezing. When this occurs saliva droplets in the surrounding space, and being in saliva droplets infectious agents - they have a Bordetella petrussis - carried over fairly large distance.

The inner surface of bronchial and respiratory tract is lined with ciliated epithelium that hesitate to drive the sputum. Getting on the mucosa, wand Bordetella petrussis hits the ciliated epithelium, followed by a parasite and multiplies there.

Vital functions of the pathogen of whooping cough irritates the cilia of the epithelium and the brain sends a signal to cough. It begins characteristic of the disease, "hundred-day cough", which lasts for the duration of this disease.

pertussis

All varieties of pertussis can be combined in typical, antipichnye (erased) forms and bacteriocarrier:

1. Track shape typical pertussis characterized by a small number of cough attacks (from 5 to 15 per day, average 10), and malaise. It occurs slight increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood. Decreases slightly the mere sight of the patient's face.
2. Srednetyazholaya form It appears more frequent bouts of severe coughing - from 16 to 25 per day (and sometimes less, but the deteriorating state of health and a longer duration). The disease duration period is somewhat less than in the form of light, and is 7-9 days, but more difficult to bear children than the previous form.
3. A severe form of whooping cough - coughing nablyudaetsyado 30 per day with a duration of up to several minutes. The temperature rises to a maximum, the cough is very strong. Specific leukocytes is 70-90 wt%. There may be unforeseen consequences, including death.

In addition to the above, there are two other forms of the disease - Sturt andasymptomatic. They are no different antipichnym and pronounced symptoms.

The first signs

Whooping cough in children (symptoms and treatment are determined at diagnosis) is important to timely diagnose because disease is masked by acute respiratory infections or common cold.

At first it appears:

• slight indisposition,
• runny nose,
• temperature,
• headache,
• beginner cough.

This period lasts for 2 weeks.

Then there are some signs that are typical of pertussis:

• redness of the eyes and throat,
• sneezing,
• weak cough,
• violation rhythmic breathing, as a short-stop.

If the inspection will be conducted by an experienced physician, then at this point he can make a correct diagnosis, and can be used to start an adequate treatment of the disease. It was at this time, the disease quickly passed from the patient to a healthy person.

symptoms of pertussis

Whooping cough in children - symptoms and treatment of the child's parents must determine in the first place - is especially dangerous in infants under 1 year. Which for this age is characterized by the symptoms listed below.

The first symptom that is almost imperceptible - cough. It becomes invisible because children at this age a little cough, and they do not have episodes of wheezing cough. It is characteristic for the first stage of developing the disease.

In the second step pertussis child to breathe heavily. In this general condition worsens. In the third stage may just stop breathing.

Runny nose - is the second major symptom of whooping cough in children. But often it is simply ignored. However, a cold - a harbinger of a cough. Temperature - third symptom of this dangerous disease. It rises gradually, and no medications do not help to knock it. In combination with the two first symptoms, the temperature can cause dangerous complications, one of which is pneumonia.

In older children, the disease develops in a similar scenario, there is a "hundred-day" cough. After the death of pertussis bacillus, convalescence begins.

periods

A typical form of pertussis determined by several periods of the disease.

These include:

• incubation;
• catarrhal;
• spasmodic;
• authorization, or regression.

incubation period It occurs after exposure to a virus, when the child has already been infected, but so far it is impossible to understand. Meanwhile, the virus is already starting to settle down in the body. It takes from 2 to 14 days (average of 5 to 8 days).

catarrhal period It replaces incubation and lasts between 7 to 21 days (average 10 - 18 days). This time is characterized by the emergence of low-energy cough that resembles the common cold.

A few days later the cough intensifies and becomes compulsive paroxysmal in nature at night and before going to bed. It appears low-grade fever, which does not fall down when receiving antipyretic drugs. This is the beginning of the second period.

spasmodic period It begins with the appearance of the characteristic paroxysmal cough, which is characterized by the inhalation of exhaled quickly replaced by jerks, and when you exhale - a reprise. When you cough sputum discharge, possible vomiting.

This is a typical whooping cough, which is dangerous for the children so that he could stop breathing. There is swelling of the face and eyelids. This period lasts 3-4 weeks and is the most dangerous time interval.

reverse development period, authorization. At the end of 3-4 weeks of spasmodic (cough) cough ends. It begins to reverse recovery process. Death occurs pertussis bacillus, recovering temperature, cough becomes ordinary. The child continues to cough up the habit, while not recovering. This period takes 2-3 weeks.

Erased form in vaccinated children

Considering the types of pertussis, always mentioned antipichnye forms, among which stands out especially erased. It is believed that no pertussis vaccination does not help. But now the children to do the first vaccination at 3 months.

And up to 4 years old kid should get 3 doses with a minimum interval of 30 days. In addition, 6-12 months after the third vaccination is necessary to make a one-time booster dose of DPT vaccine.

If this has not happened up to 4 years, while its conduct vaccine DT - for children 4-6 years old (without the pertussis component) or Td (with a reduced amount of antigen) - for children older than 6 years.

Children vaccinated after 5 years, loses its protective properties and can be exposed to pertussis infection from contact with infected with HIV. But they will not endure severe form of whooping cough. Their attacks erased form of infection. In this form there is no choking spasmodic cough, and the disease progresses rapidly and without complications.

To what doctor to address

If you feel unwell, you must visit the pediatrician. The doctor will ask if there was any contact with sick coughs or whooping cough. Listen to the lungs and asks for a blood test. the child may also be referred to LORu for consultation or to an infectious diseases doctor.

LORosmotrit throat and mucous state of the larynx and pharynx. If there is swelling of the mucous and hemorrhage, and lung muco-purulent exudate, detect the presence of bacterial rods.

Infectious disease physician at the results of the inspection and the conversation is able to put the presumptive diagnosis. More likely he will appoint additional tests.

Diagnostics

After consultation and examination of the patient by doctors, the diagnosis and the conclusion set infectious diseases and the pediatrician. One of the main symptoms of the diagnosis - a specific paroxysmal cough. But to obtain a complete picture of the disease is necessary to carry out a number of laboratory tests.

These include:

1. Bacteriological smear of mucus from the mouth and nose with the release of the pertussis bacillus. For this purpose, the fence sputum by coughing. The second way to the fence - with the help of a smear from the pharynx in the morning on an empty stomach or 2-3 hours after a meal. Both materials are placed in culture medium and by laboratory studies obtained picture the presence of the pathogen - pertussis coli. Results are ready in 5-7 days.
2. serological tests applied at a later collection of samples to determine the antibodies against pertussis. Their main goal detecting lgM antibodies in the blood and mucus in lgA. These bodies vital activity for several months after the disease. A month later formed immunoglobulin lgG, which lasts for several years and can provide an answer as to whether the patient is ill with whooping cough before.
3. General blood analysis It makes it possible to determine increase in the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in normal ESR. This method is called hematology.

There are a number of laboratory methods in the diagnosis of pertussis among which express methods.

First aid for pertussis cough

The first step is, if not completely stop coughing, then try to reduce his power and consequences, ensuring that it will occur in a milder form, and the disease will not progress. To do this, wipe the wand Bordetella pertussis.

This agent does not show any reaction to antibiotics other than erythromycin. Apply it should be in the catarrhal period, only after 3-4 days of taking the medicine, will be completely destroyed by an infectious agent. But cough, moreover, that destroyed the mucous membrane irritant, will still continue.

To facilitate the cough, you should:

• monitor the microclimate in a room, achieving up to 50% humidity and air temperature 15-16 degrees;
• walks with a sick child in the fresh air;
• put the patient at a coughing fit, if he was lying - so it's easier to endure attacks;
• divert children by any means without recalling cough: this new toys, new books, new cartoons.

How to speed up recovery

If the child is ill, the task of parents to help him bring this serious illness and accelerate the recovery.

To do this, you must follow a few simple tips:

• provide bed rest. Requires maximum comfort.
• To inform kindergarten or school about the illness that carried out quarantine measures. This will prevent children's diseases and identify cases early.
• Keep drinking regime. It is necessary to ensure the restoration of the water balance in the body, which is broken at spasmodic coughing and vomiting possible. You can drink water and herbal tea is weak.
• provide gentle microclimate. This refers to the maintenance of indoor comfort conditions (humidity and temperature), to make it easier flowed disease.
• Care for the child and attend to him.

Drug treatment of whooping cough in children

Whooping cough in children (symptoms and treatment need to be addressed in particular detail) required treatment with antibiotics. This series of drugs has the ability to stop the coughing attacks on catarrhal stage of the disease.

The total destruction of the pathogen is capable of only one antibiotic. They are erythromycin - it is able to suppress the virus koklyushevoy sticks, after which it dies, but it remains a cough that already is not bacterial in nature, and reflexology.

Drugs are taken during limited hours doctor plan.

Medications for cough

Whooping cough is draining and frightening the child. When approaching the next attack, he begins to act up, he refuses to eat and just behaves unpredictably. In this case, it is recommended to take medications for cough, "Glikodin", "Sinekod", "Codelac Neo", "Codeine", "Panatus".

However, it is necessary to give such medication is clearly in line with the recommended dosages, as it was found that many of them in the structure have a certain percentage of any drug or components, which include drugs substances. There is a risk of addiction to them.

expectorant drugs

Whooping cough, they are used to not get as complications of bronchitis, tracheitis or pneumonia. The doctor will suggest the patient medications, including Flavamed, Ambroxol, slept Lasolvan, Gedeliks.

Precautions should be taken to plant syrup, which can cause allergies or not have any positive effect. Select drugs needed for each patient individually.

Homeopathic therapy

Homeopathic therapy helps children vaccinated. When the catarrhal stage of pertussis, children are given medicines Nux vomica or Pulsatilla 3 3. The first medicine used for dry cough, and the second - in the allocation of sputum.

If the period catarrhal fever appears, then you can drink Aconite 3, which lowers the temperature, relieves headaches, irritability and general malaise. 2-3 cap. drug taken every 2 hr.

Folk remedies

When symptoms of whooping cough in children, traditional medicine offers many effective and affordable treatment recipes:

1. Take peeled 2 tablespoons of sunflower seeds, roasted and pass them through the grinder. Add to it 1 tbsp Pour the mixture of honey and 2 tbsp. water. Then the mixture was boiled for 30-40 minutes, cooled, filtered and taken 1-2 tablespoons a day before meals for 3 weeks.
2. For the preparation of a medicament syrup charge of 50 g of garlic, 20 g of dry herb thyme (creeping thyme). All pour water (0.6 L) and put the lid on the fire. Once in the vessel remains 0.3 liter of broth, natural honey is added (300 g) and stirred. Give the child a mixture of 1 tsp after meals 3 times a day.
3. Take 1 potato, 1 onion, 1 apple. Onions and potatoes, and purified, together with the apple, put in a container by pouring 1 L of water. Cook until until there is 0.5 liters. Then cooled, filtered and taken to 1 tsp 3 times a day.
4. Take 100 g of honey, butter and 20 g of vanillin. All is stirred until homogeneous. Take 3 times a day 1 tsp
5. Mix the juice of fresh horseradish and honey in the ratio 1: 1. Stir and take 1 tsp 2 times a day.
6. In identifying the child has whooping cough symptoms, you need to take a few cloves of garlic and hang them as a pendant around the neck. At night should be put on the pillow a few cloves to medical couples get inside the body.
7. From time to time the child should drink water (1 tsp), prepared by the following recipe: olive oil should be mixed with honey prokipyachonnym (nekipyachonny honey enhances cough). Butter and honey taken in a ratio of 1: 1.
8. Take 4 garlic cloves, and forced through spadefoot pour cup unpasteurized milk is boiled. Cooled and give the child to drink several times a day.
9. Make ointment garlic passed through spadefoot and butter (can substitute pork fat or mutton loem). It's important to lubricate the chest and back, and then wrap up warm to baby propotel night.
10. Make a decoction of figs and milk. Give children with whooping cough as a nutritional elixir in unlimited quantities.

Features of the regime of the day

To facilitate the cough, you need to perform some recommendations:

• Create a microclimate in the room that will be comfortable for the child. This temperature range within 15 degrees. This should be the humidity from 30% to 50%. This condition is necessary to perform, even if I have to dress the baby warmer.

• During coughing followed, that the child was in a sitting position.
• Do not create conditions for fear of another bout of coughing. This cough is a neuropsychiatric basis and under stress can be constantly strengthened. You need to distract the baby from such thoughts favorite ways.
• Create a calm and peaceful atmosphere.
• Moving to a new sparing diet, eating small portions, but more often.
• Often spend wet cleaning. It is necessary to exclude the presence of dust in the air.
• Spend as much time on the street with a minimum of contact with healthy children.

How to eat in whooping cough

Diet in disease may be significantly different from the daily diet. When coughing provoked vomiting center and possible vomiting. To avoid this while eating, it is necessary to move to more frequent feeding smaller portions. Excluded are products that can provide mechanical and chemical irritation of the throat and esophagus.

Whooping cough need to stick to the diet principles of construction:

1. To avoid all possible negative aspects when taking food (cough, poor appetite and etc.), you must increase the number of meals to 7-10 times, with decreasing intervals between feedings until 3; 2,5; 2 hours.
2. Reduce to ½ dose for each feeding; lunch meal is divided into two stages. In severe forms of the disease in the same way shared breakfast, lunch and dinner.

With this diet the child shows the liquid and semi-liquid food:

• soups,
• cereal,
• steam cutlets,
• juices,
• vegetable broths,
• eggs,
• milk,
• pyurirovannoe boiled meat.

That advises Komorowski

As an opponent of the use of antibiotics as a preventive measure, the doctor explicitly recommends the use of erythromycin as a preventive measure. Receiving antibiotics before the coughing would prevent the development of seizures and to prevent the development of complications.

In the treatment of whooping cough doctor advises especially pay attention to the creation of conditions that will help easier to transfer children to cough and calm baby. He also advises change the sick child's diet in accordance with the above principles.

complications of pertussis

After suffering disease or directly during disease threatening complications can occur. These are consequences of late initiation of treatment or failure to fully all physician settings.

That's what complications can cause whooping cough:

• disordered breathing rhythm;
• cerebrovascular accident;
• bronchitis;
• pneumonia;
• bleeding;
• pulmonary heart disease;
• hemorrhage;
• encephalopathy.

Against the background of coughing are possible:

• eardrum;
• loss of rectal mucosa;
• hernia formation anterior abdominal wall;
• convulsions;
• epilepsy
• malfunction of the central nervous system and cardiovascular.

Doctors recommended to vaccinate children against whooping cough to avoid severe disease, and to prevent atnibiotikami at the initial stage of the disease. The children, who in the early hours of the symptoms of pertussis identified and properly started treatment, complications are rare.

Video of whooping cough in children, its symptoms and treatments

Dr. Komarovsky about whooping cough:

Symptoms of pertussis and methods of treatment: