The ovaries in women. Where is, symptoms of inflammation, cysts, tumors, why hurt, size, ultrasound, treatment and removal of the consequences

Female reproductive system consists of ovaries. The Authority is responsible for the flow of menstrual cycle, the production of sex hormones and maturation. The ovaries are located in the pelvis. Pain in this area are a common cause of treatment to the gynecologist. The condition can occur due to various diseases. The main thing - time to carry out the diagnosis and treatment of discomfort.

Where are the ovaries in women, anatomy and body features

The ovaries of women are in the pelvic area, that is at the bottom of the abdomen. This body, which is called a pair. It is located on both sides of the uterus, but leaves a bit ago. Body is mobile, that is, may vary slightly. For example, during pregnancy, as the uterus enlarges and pushes up the ovaries.

Doubles body contains:

• The right ovary. One end is attached to the uterus, and the other - to the opening of the fallopian tube. The dimensions of the right ovary is almost always larger than the left. This is normal and does not indicate a deviation. Differences in the shape and color no.
• left ovary. Typically, it has a smaller size, as compared with the right.

ovarian function

Sex hormones begin to be generated in girls with menarche. A process duration - before menopause.

The main function of the ovaries:

• formation of hormones;
• forming an egg;
• complete formation of primary sex characteristics.

The ovaries begin their development when the fetus is in the belly of his mother, ends when the first menstrual cycle. The Authority prepares a woman for bearing a child. But if conception has not occurred, the egg is released, along with menstruation, and then formed a new one.

The ovaries produce the following hormones:

• estrogens - synthesized before the onset of ovulation. Due to the action of hormones, it normalizes carbohydrate metabolism and stimulates the formation of breasts.
• progestins - produced a yellow body. Hormones provide conception and normal pregnancy. Especially the female body they are required at the I trimester of pregnancy.
• androgens - called male sex hormones, but a small amount is produced in women. If their balance is disturbed, the cycle is broken. And this feature is becoming common cause of infertility.

Norms ovaries for women's lives

body dimensions may vary depending on the age, phase of the menstrual cycle.

Indicators specified in the table below:

Category	Length (mm)	Width (mm)	Thickness (in mm)
Newborns	15 – 20	0,05	0,01 – 0,035
menarche	30 – 35	15 – 20	10 – 15
After 18 - 20 years	20 – 45	18 – 30	16 – 22
when ovulation	25 – 40	15 – 30	25 – 40
postmenopause	20 – 25	10 – 15	9 – 12

According to the data from the table it can be seen that the ovaries are increased before the first menstruation. As well as their size becomes a little more at ovulation. With the onset of menopause numbers decrease.

The causes of pain in the ovaries and signs of pathologies

Women alone can not determine that a violation of the ovaries. They are in the lower abdomen, so unpleasant feelings are similar to other diseases. It is better to consult a doctor - a gynecologist complaining of discomfort.

Pain that occurs at the age of reproduction, often associated with inflammation or ovulation. And at least - with the formation of cysts. With the onset of menopause is getting worse and discomfort can occur due to serious problems - malignant or benign tumors.

Ovarian pain associated with the menstrual cycle

Unpleasant sensations that are associated with menstruation, called ovulatory syndrome. Many women are at a state that often it is not dangerous to health. But, in order to avoid diseases, it is better to pass inspection.

The main varieties of pain associated with the menstrual cycle, are presented in the table:

The origin of discomfort	Description
Before menstruation, ie after ovulation	The condition is common. During menstruation an unfertilized egg is released from the woman's body, in its place formed corpus luteum - a cluster of cells. If the process is wrong or there was a small amount of progesterone, the mucous membrane of the uterus peels off. Thus there are painful sensations before menstruation. Additional features: discomfort varies, there is something on the left, then the right side; anointing secret. Discomfort appears in the second half of the menstrual cycle
With ovulation (in the middle of the menstrual cycle)	The discomfort arises from the release of the egg. For this process is characterized by microscopic tear organ. A small amount of blood coming out of the ovary. Takes place irritation of the nerve membranes, pain appears. In addition, there are the following symptoms: allocation spreadable character; acute, dull, aching pain; discomfort can last up to several hours; pain changes, that is, there is alternately on both sides. If discomfort is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, or take more than 12 hours, it is recommended to visit the doctor. In acute or severe nature of the pain there is a high probability of ovarian rupture. It appears inflammation, an urgent need to carry out the operation
when monthly	During menstruation, pain in the ovaries should not be. Symptoms that describe to consult a gynecologist, indicate discomfort in the uterus. If you do not ovulate, then the body must get rid of the content, so there are reductions. When they are strong, the pain may occur. But if the doctor finds that the discomfort is in the ovaries, which may indicate the presence of cysts or the impact of extreme stress.
after a month	Discomfort in the ovaries after precipitates are not characteristic. There is a high probability of disease.

Pain in the ovaries during and after sex

Pain can occur after contact with a partner or during it.

There are many reasons:

• presence of cysts in the ovaries;

  

• penetration of infection;
• inflammation of the ovaries or uterus;
• cancer or a benign tumor in the ovaries of nature;
• inflammation of the uterus;
• vaginal dryness, that is, it produces an insufficient amount of natural lubrication;
• adhesions in the organs;
• woman severely straining the muscles in contact with a partner;
• selected uncomfortable posture;
• Sexual intercourse was rude.

Ovarian pain after surgery

If any intervention is characterized by unpleasant sensations, because the traumatic process. Therefore, the pain - it is a normal and common symptom.

The most frequent operations on the ovaries are listed in the table below:

Surgical intervention	Description
Puncture	After implementation, the pain is normal. Additionally, the following symptoms appear: secret from the vagina, having a short duration; flatulence; swelling in the abdomen. Pain has an explanation. During the procedure to insert the ovary injection. Next, a small crack is formed. Because of this may appear discomfort. Typically it passes through a 5 - 7 days after puncture. If sensations occur over a longer period and are accompanied by high temperatures, it is better to visit the doctor
Removal of cysts or other operations	Pain after surgery on the ovaries related to the following reasons: presence of adhesions; bleeding after surgery; inflammatory process. Pain in the first days after the operation is considered normal, and perhaps a slight increase in temperature. We must remember that the more complex the intervention, the more there will be more pronounced discomfort

Adnexitis (oophoritis)

Oophoritis - is an inflammatory process in the ovaries. If there is further damage the fallopian tubes, the condition is called salpingo. When any of its origin appears pain in the lower abdomen of a strong character.

And the state is characterized by the following symptoms:

• paroxysmal pain;
• gives discomfort in the lower back;
• Some women complain of discomfort when urinating;
• if pathology becomes chronic, and dull aching pain;
• increase in body temperature to 38 degrees;
• chills;
• weakness;
• fatigue with minimal exertion;
• problems with the cycle, ie the monthly late and go irregularly;
• changes in mentality - depression, irritability;
• problems with sexual contact - no desire.

The inflammatory process must be set during the inspection at the gynecologist. In the usual course of disease, treatment last for up to 1 week. And in the case of chronic diseases, the therapy is delayed.

Pain in ovarian cyst

Cyst - a cavity which is filled with liquid. As a result, education, ovary increases. cysts often asymptomatic.

But the pain can be along the following lines:

• in the lower abdomen on one side only;
• pulling or aching;
• occur during sexual intercourse.

In addition, disrupted menstrual period, and if the cyst is large in size - growing abdomen.

ovarian endometriosis

Endometriosis - penetration fragments uterine lining into the peritoneal cavity, where they proliferate and bleed. Pain can be of different nature. Often aching discomfort. And the woman feels it constantly. At first discomfort of strong character and no other symptoms. Then there is a dull pain, which gives to the rectum or vagina.

Unpleasant sensations are amplified regardless of menstruation.

Most patients with endometriosis complain of a violation of the cycle and urination. When sprouting occurs gain bleeding, adhesions are formed.

benign tumors

The ovaries in women (they are located in the abdomen) can get sick because of the benign tumors. Initially sensations blunt or aching. Symptomatology often indicates a large tumor size.

At the initial stage tumor occurs without characteristic features. With an increase in the tumor, it compresses the adjacent organs - bladder, uterus.

Pain becomes chronic, and additionally there are the following symptoms:

• urination disorders;
• increase in the amount of abdominal cavity due to accumulation of excess fluid;
• problems with the cycle, and sometimes complete lack of menstruation;
• constipation.

Often women with a benign tumor in the ovaries can not get pregnant. Condition is treated only by surgical intervention.

Malignant tumors

Some types of cancer on grounds similar to adnexitis. In the initial stages of tumor is asymptomatic. But mene proliferation of tumors, a woman may feel heavy. Begin constant pain. And in the later stages, the abdomen increases in size. In addition, there is fatigue with minimal exertion, the woman is drastically reduced weight.

When cancer celebrate the menstrual cycle. And if a tumor is growing strongly, it puts pressure on adjacent organs, urination impaired. As treatment of ovarian cancer using surgery, chemotherapy.

hyperstimulation syndrome

If a woman has trouble conceiving a child, the doctor may prescribe the use of drugs with hormonal composition. If the number of picked up incorrectly, there is pathology in the ovaries. This process is called hyperstimulation syndrome.

state forms:

• Easy. The woman feels discomfort, heaviness. In addition, there is bloating, and weight gain.
• Heavy. The condition is characterized more severe symptoms. It occurs lowering blood pressure and urinary problems. The abdominal cavity is greatly increased due to the accumulation of a large amount of excess fluid. Is a violation of metabolic processes.

ovarian cyst rupture

The ovaries in women (they are in the pelvic area) - a body which can form cysts. There are times when they are broken. Condition requires urgent surgery. Rupture of an ovarian cyst is accompanied by severe pain.

But the main danger - this is a high chance of bleeding. The woman appears pale skin, blood pressure drops sharply. The condition can be up to loss of consciousness. For suspected ovarian cyst rupture, you must take the woman to a hospital as soon as possible.

ovarian apoplexy

Apoplexy ovary - is the process by which blood enters the ovary. Over time, the body is broken. Bleeding enters the abdominal cavity. Condition is characterized by severe pain, lower blood pressure.

There are 2 forms of apoplexy:

• Pain. Judging by the title it is clear that this form occurs with severe discomfort. Additionally, pale skin, reduced blood pressure, weakness occurs. The danger of apoplexy pain that she may be accompanied by a painful shock and loss of consciousness.
• Hemorrhagic. In addition to pain, there are signs of loss of blood. That is, the pressure is rapidly reduced, there is pallor and dry skin. As a result of hemorrhagic form, a woman can be a shock due to the sudden loss of blood.

apoplexy is often found on the right ovary, as it is more susceptible to bleeding and rupture.

To interrupt and disrupt tubal pregnancy

Tubal pregnancy - is the attachment of the egg is not in the uterus, and in its tube. Hence, the name. State has almost no distinguishing features. Therefore, women often confuse it with a normal pregnancy. In rare cases, pain.

Symptomatology becomes stronger if the tubal pregnancy is terminated. The pain is similar to the fight. In addition, there is the secret of the vagina in the form of blood. First signs are not strong, but over time they can lead to serious consequences. Condition that requires immediate treatment to the doctor.

If tubal pregnancy was interrupted, may appear different symptoms. There are two varieties of status - Pipe abortion, uterine tube rupture. The signs do not differ.

symptomatology:

• pale skin;
• dizziness;
  
• loss of consciousness;
• a sharp decrease in blood pressure;
• rapid pulse;
• a state of shock;
• Pain radiating into the rectum.

Life threatening condition, requiring urgent surgery.

What kind of research is carried out for the diagnosis of ovarian pathologies

Pain in diseases of the ovaries can be confused with other conditions. To diagnose the state of the physician interrogates and examines the patient. It is important to describe all the symptoms. Gynecologist necessarily examines on a chair. This makes it possible to determine the morbidity, neoplasms.

The following study is prescribed to clarify the diagnosis:

• hardware;
• laboratory.

Hardware research and ultrasound diagnostics

The following procedures are used as hardware methods of investigation:

• Ultrasonography (US). The procedure is highly informative. According to the results, you can determine the tumor and cysts.
• Laparoscopy. The method is prescribed, if a woman has sex life is irregular, there is pain of a chronic nature. During the procedure can be considered organs of the reproductive system. Laparoscopy is the most informative method, the results of which can be diagnosed. It is used when other methods do not bring any results.
• Hysterosalpingoscopy. The method consists in filling a special liquid ovary. Then, using ultrasound machine, a specialist oversees the processes that occur in the body.
  
• computer(CT) or magnetic - resonance imaging (MRI). Thanks to the procedures can detect cysts, as well as the probability of proliferation of the tumor and its infiltration into neighboring organs.

Laboratory research

From laboratory studies distinguished:

• blood chemistry;
• biochemical analysis of urine;
• blood tests for hormone levels;
• a blood test for tumor markers;
• vaginal swab;
• bacteriological;
• histology - examined under a microscope, the tissue of the affected organ;
• cytology - the affected organ is recovered from a small piece of tissue or fluid using the puncture.

After receiving the investigation results, the doctor makes a diagnosis. List of procedures can be changed at the discretion of the specialist.

What are ovarian pathology require treatment

Ovaries - is paired organ whose disease require treatment. They are located in the abdomen. So if you have pain, women often confuse the state with other diseases. Any condition that requires further diagnosis by a doctor. In the pathology of the ovaries must be a valid treatment. It may lie in taking medication, the use of herbal therapy, physiotherapy.

Drug therapy of ovarian diseases

Drug therapy involves the appointment of drugs of different groups.

Specified in more detail below:

A group of medicines	medicines	Description
antibacterial	Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Amoxiclav	Cope with bacteria
vitamin complexes	Vitrum, Complivit	Restore the content of nutrients in the body
painkillers	Analgin, Paracetamol	Reduce pain, inflammation
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Nurofen, Ibuprofen, Deksalgin	Reduce pain, swelling, inflammation
antiprotozoal	Trihopol, Metronidazole	Help to cope with pathogens
antiallergic	Suprastin, Aerius, Claritin	Relieve itching, pain
To restore the intestinal microflora	Linex, Hilak - Forte	Used for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders. Often drugs in this group are assigned after taking antibacterial drugs because their action on the stomach

In addition, a specialist can prescribe medications in the form of a suppository - Hexicon, Betadine. They have antiviral activity. We spark the likelihood of side effects is reduced as compared with the preparations for internal use. However, chronic inflammation can not be used alone suppositories, need additional medication.

Traditional recipes

The ovaries in women (they are located in the abdomen) - a body in which inflammation is possible to use the popular recipes. Since they are part of the plant, in comparison with the drugs, the risk of side effects is reduced. But to use folk remedies necessary in combination with other methods - medication, physical therapy, proper nutrition.

Popular recipes are listed in the table below:

Title	Description
A decoction of the plant	For the preparation you will need: daisy; centaury; chamomile; calendula; sweet clover; coltsfoot. Each component is present in an amount in '35 Pour the mixture of 500 ml of hot water, placed on a slow fire (2 - 5 min.). Remove from heat and leave for 2 - 3 hours. Filter it, take 3 tbsp 5 - 7 times a day. Duration - 30 days
Borovaya uterus	Mark upland uterus in an amount of 1 tablespoon, add 200 ml of hot water. Put on a slow fire (2 - 3 min.). Filtered, prepared to accept the number of the day. You can divide the volume into 3 reception
collection	For the preparation you will need: immortelle; yarrow; Birch; strawberries; coltsfoot; mint; corn; beans - each said component to take in an amount of 2 parts; knotweed; nettle; succession; Rowan; rosehip - each said component to take in an amount of 3 parts. All components of the chop, take 2 tbsp mixture, pour 500 ml hot water. Put in a thermos for 1 night. Specified number of drink per day. Mixture can be divided into 4 Hour. Course duration - up to 3 months.

physiotherapy

Physiotherapy is used in inflammatory diseases of various kinds, as well as in case of violation of menstruation. In addition, specialist prescribes conduct in the presence of adhesions, pain in the pelvic area, the impossibility of conceiving.

warming

The following procedures are used as warming up methods:

• electrophoresis - administering a drug via the skin using an electric current.
  
• magnetotherapy - impact weak magnetic field frequency.
• DMV. In another called Decimeter wave therapy. It consists in exposing the appendages through the abdominal wall. As a result of stimulated metabolism and tissue repair.
• Ultrasound therapy.

syringing

Douching with diseases of the ovaries helps to reduce pain and inflammation.

There are herbal recipes:

• Take 5 tbsp Potentilla and 500 ml of hot water. To bring the liquid to the boil and leave for 30 min., Filter. Douche must be warm extract. After the procedure is warm. It is advisable to do douching before bedtime.
• To prepare to take sage, yarrow, rosemary. And also need oak bark. Ratio 1: 1: 1: 2. Stir, take 100 g of the mixture, pour 3 liters of water. Heat on a steam bath for 30 min. Filtered, douching do warm saline.
• Mark pinch calendula and 1 cup of hot water. Leave for 60 min., The solution used for irrigation.

diet therapy

Treatment of pathologies of the ovaries requires compliance with proper nutrition.

It is recommended to adhere to the following rules:

• eat 5 - 6 times a day with intervals between meals in 3 - 4 hours portions should be 200 - 300 g;
• eliminate fried, smoked, salted;
• to cook steamed, roasted or boiled;
  
• Add in the diet of more fruits and vegetables;
• eat low-fat food - chicken, turkey, dairy products.

Indications for surgery, removal of the ovaries

For the treatment of pathologies of the ovaries may use surgery.

Most often, the intervention in the following cases:

• the appearance of complications;
• the formation of pus;
• no response to medical treatment;
• malignant tumor;
• benign neoplasm;
• interruption of tubal pregnancy.

The physician's discretion, the intervention can be carried out in other indications.

There are several types of operations:

• conservative - removal or destruction of the tumor, that is, the body remains;
• total or radical - removal of the affected organ together with the uterine tubes, and if necessary - with the uterus.

The method of operation is selected doctor. Taking into account comorbidities, pathology.

Effects of the operation, life without ovaries

Surgical intervention is characterized by ovarian consequences. They can occur after 2 - 3 weeks after and accompany a person long term.

Among the possible consequences of release:

• Infertility - after complete removal of the ovaries a woman can not get pregnant, so the eggs are formed in paired organs. But if the operation was the organ with only 1 hand and 2 remained intact, the probability of conceiving a big child.
  
• Hormonal disorders. If the woman immediately removed 2 ovarian, in the body there is no change, then there comes the climax. When menopause begins naturally, the body prepares to advance to this period, and experience less stress. And the operation is performed abruptly, so hormones do not have time to regroup.
• heart and vascular diseases. On one of the major organs it affects the application of anesthesia since it is used during surgery. And due to the fact that a woman is a violation of hormonal background, increases blood pressure.
• sexual life. Because of problems with hormones, the body is under stress. This is reflected in the vagina condition, natural lubrication is not enough, it becomes dry. There is a high probability of occurrence of thrush.
• General state. Often, after the removal of a woman's ovaries is closed under stress. Problems occur in sexual terms.

After surgery, most importantly do not think that after the removal of the ovaries life ends. There are many medications that can help a woman cope with the consequences after the operation. It is only necessary to choose the best option. Female reproductive system is the ovary. The Authority is in the pelvic area and can be prone to diseases.

Often, a woman worried about pain in the abdomen. The main thing - to see a doctor, because the self-diagnosis is not possible. The gynecologist will conduct the necessary research. As the treatment prescribed medications, physical therapy, proper nutrition. In serious cases, surgery may be used.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of the ovaries in women

The list of causes of pain in the ovaries in women: