WBC blood analysis. What is it the norm and deviation in children, women, men. What does

The phrase "white blood cells" in English sounds like white blood cells. From this name, and there is a reduction WBC - is one of the parameters of the clinical analysis, meaning the number of leukocytes in the blood.

There the average rate: from 4.0 to 9.0 x 10 9 / l. The parameter value is higher or lower than normal indicates a flowing body pathological processes and require immediate medical attention.

What is the measure WBC

The WBC blood test - this is the value that gives a real opportunity to time to detect inflammation, an infectious disease or an allergic reaction, sometimes it helps to notice tumors early in their development.

This is one of the main values ​​in the general study of blood. Often with him determine the number of other blood cells and specific indicators. The overall analysis is also referred to as clinical.

In this study, determine:

1. The number of red blood cells (RBCs), its abbreviated RBC.
2. The concentration of hemoglobin in the prescribed volume of blood (HGB or Hb).
3. The average volume of a single erythrocyte cells (MCV).
4. Platelet counts that are called platelets (PLT).
5. The number of white blood cells (WBC).

Leukocytes are divided into 5 groups, and each of them is responsible for a specific operation on neutralization have fallen into the blood of foreign bodies. During the research determine the amount of each species. In a cubic millimeter of blood under normal circumstances, there are between 6 and 8 thousand. white blood cells.

How and under what conditions produced leukocytes

Blood cells recognizing and eliminating foreign elements, called leukocytes. These are special elements of the immune system that are responsible for protection against disease-causing bacteria and viruses, foreign bodies, any objects that could be harmful, and purified from dead or damaged property cells.

The term "white blood cells" is formed of a bundle of two words from the Greek language "leucosomes" (white) and "cytosomes" (receptacle body).

There are several types of these cells:

1. neutrophils 55% of the total. It depends on them protection against bacterial and fungal infections.
2. basophils (0.5%) - a scout cell, they are even individual foreign elements. Their work - increased blood flow, the mobilization of other cells in the focus of inflammation, anti-allergens.
3. eosinophils (2.5%) - is part of the innate immune system, which protects against allergens, parasites, helminths.
4. monocytes (5%) are responsible for the absorption of dangerous particles and dead cells.
5. lymphocytes (35%) maintained general immunity, preserve the genetic information governing the elements of the immune system of other types.

White blood cells are produced in red (blood-forming) bone marrow. This organ is located in the inner cavities of the pelvis, sternum, in the end sections of the tubular bones. There he and the inside of the vertebrae, but in smaller quantities.

Red blood cells - the only source of cells, known as stem. Their main advantage is that they are similar in structure to the fetal. Leukocyte cell lifespan - from a few hours to several years depending on the type of white blood cell.

Part captures leucocytes and digests any foreign microorganisms and dead cells of their own, part It produces antibodies that destroy various pathogens (pathogenic microorganisms) or accelerates blood flow to the necessary space. White blood cells can accumulate genetic memory, ie "children" retain information about the threats encountered their "parents."

Table WBC indicator OK

The WBC blood test - this is a kind of description of the immune system in the digital value. The biggest impact on the level of white blood cells provides age. In his youth, the number of white blood cells in the sexes almost equally.

With the passage of time has been falling since the action of the immune system progressively deteriorates, and there is a difference in the number of white blood cells in women and men. The average rate is considered leukocyte content of from 4 to 9.0 x 10 9 / l.

Age	Norm (x 10 9 / L)
Children and adolescents	newborns	5,5 — 12,5
up to 1 year	6,0 — 12,0
from 1 to 6 years	5,0 — 12,0
from 6 to 12 years	4,5 — 10,0
from 12 to 15 years	4,3 – 9,5
Adults	women	from 16 to 21 years	4,5-11,0
about 40 to 60 years	3,98-10,5
over 60 years	3,7-9,0
men	from 16 to 21 years	4,5-11,0
about 40 to 60 years	4,2-9,0
over 60 years	3,9-8,5

WBC indicator for pregnant women compared with other values. During this period, women's immune system is activated to protect not only her, but also the future of the child. In the first trimester values ​​coincide with the standard, then the number of white blood cells begin to grow and reach 10-15 billion. per liter of blood.

Symptoms of high and low index of WBC

The WBC blood test - this is a number that can be used to estimate fairly accurately the work of the immune system and overall health. High above the upper limit of normal, the value is called leukocytosis. This signal occurring in the body or decrease inflammatory processes common immunity.

Leukocytosis is not necessarily associated with the disease. Increasing index may depend on a large physical exertion or stress. Small jump also occurs after meals and in women during childbearing.

Symptoms leukocytosis:

• causeless tiredness, lethargy;
• temperature rise;
• bruises or hematomas, even with minor injuries, and sometimes for no reason;
• pain in the limbs or abdomen;
• loss of appetite and weight loss;
• labored breathing.

Decreased white blood cell count is called leukopenia. The danger of such a state that it does not have pronounced symptoms. Symptoms of the disease in the initial stage easily confused with normal fatigue.

At a later stage are observed:

• fever, chills;
• rapid heartbeat;
• causeless alarm;
• headache;
• exhaustion;
• pneumonia, blood infection.

It is also possible swelling of the glands, enlargement of the spleen or tonsils. If leukopenia develops as a result of medications, the appearance of symptoms is explosive.

The reasons for increases and decreases in WBC index

Leukocytosis observed at:

• sepsis, purulent processes;
• acute inflammation;
• infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungus or any other pathogen;
• malignancies;
• heart attack;
• various tissue traumas;
• in the last trimester of pregnancy;
• after childbirth, breast-feeding;
• after intense physical activity.

Lowering the WBC parameter can provoke taking certain antibiotics, drugs from the group of sulfonamides, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, agents or epilepsy remover spasms, hormonal medicines.

Leukopenia occurs when:

• hereditary pathologies provoke hypoplasia tissues or organs (bone marrow hypoplasia), or in the absence of an organ or a part thereof (aplasia);
• radiation sickness;
• bone marrow damage when taking certain medications or other chemical action on the body;
• acute intestinal infections (typhoid, paratyphoid fever and other species);
• viral infection;
• anaphylactic shock;
• metastases, affecting the bone marrow;
• Addison-Biermer disease (pernicious anemia and pernicious anemia);
• Collagenoses (connective tissue pathology);
• myelofibrosis (excessive formation of connective tissue in bone marrow, hematopoietic its capacity of which decreases as a result);
• violation of the spleen functions, in which the blood cells are removed too quickly, and even a number of diseases that affect the formation of blood.

Leukopenia diagnose can only be in the lab. Decrease in WBC - a sign of incipient or existing disease.

Indications for the study index WBC

The WBC blood test - is the value by which assess existing or potential threats to health.

Analysis of blood leukocytes are administered in the following cases:

• suspected infection or inflammation;
• a long time is not abating fever;
• constant headaches, frequent discomfort in the joints or bones;
• suspected violation of hematopoietic function;
• to monitor the treatment.

Appointment to the analysis gives the attending physician. The first expert, referred to by the patient, the therapist should be. If necessary, the doctor prescribes laboratory tests or give referrals for narrow profile. If the patient has a chronic illness, you can go directly to the profile expert.

How to determine the index of WBC

WBC ratio is calculated in the study venous or capillary blood during clinical analysis. The essence of the study consists in counting the white blood cells in a specific volume of the biological fluid with regard to their species. The ratio of all kinds of white blood cells, expressed as a percentage, referred to as the leukocyte formula.

In modern conditions most commonly treated with blood samples in the automatic equipment (hematology analyzer), but it is possible to carry out this study, and with the help of a microscope. Automation able to test specimens simultaneously on several parameters (5 to 24), and to build a histogram (graphical presentation of information) for erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes.

Preparing and conducting the analysis of WBC

The number of leukocytes is not constant and depends on the age, diet, time of day and the state of health. To obtain the most accurate data is necessary to eliminate the influence on the blood of food and drink, stress, and medications. And even in this case, a blood test for WBC does not always provide sufficient information, it may require additional checks.

On the eve of blood sampling is necessary to refrain from X-rays and physiological processes. Most mental load can also affect the result. If the patient is already receiving medical treatment, you should discuss with your doctor the temporary cancellation of drugs or injections. When this is not possible, should be warned about taking the medication.

Terms of preparation for blood sampling:

• restriction of any load on the day before delivery of the analysis;
• sufficient for the duration of night's rest;
• abstinence from alcohol the day before and the day of the fence;
• quitting smoking before coming to the clinic (it is advisable not to smoke from the moment of awakening);
• Fasting 10-12 hours prior to delivery of the analysis;
• breakfast or a morning cup of coffee at a time to move after giving blood, you can drink weak tea without sugar;
• in front of the office a little rest (10 min.) to calm down and catch his breath.

If you need to re-analysis, blood sampling should be carried out in similar conditions as possible: in the same laboratory at the same time and even the route to medical facilities, it is desirable to do under the same conditions (on foot or by car).

Blood on the general analysis is taken from a vein or from a finger, usually anonymous. Analysis of blood from a vein is considered the "gold standard", but is often used, and capillary blood (from the finger). Variation in the results of research exists, it is quite small and has almost no effect on the accuracy of the estimate. However, to make a decision about the blood type of research (venous or capillary) should be a specialist.

Deciphering the WBC parameter analysis results

Self layman interpretation of research results can only give a superficial understanding of the health status. For the preliminary findings of this enough, but to choose the drugs and treatment regimen dangerous. The result of incorrect decoding WBC index - is the risk of false self, which can lead to very unfortunate consequences.

In the treatment of WBC values ​​should take into account gender, age of the patient, as well as transferred or existing disease, and medications taken. Understand picture of the state of health in general can be only with relevant knowledge and experience. Even under these conditions, physicians often prescribe additional studies to clarify or specify certain aspects of the patient's condition.

If any indicator WBC should consult a doctor

The number of white blood cells in normal ranges in a fairly wide range. It may increase during the day, after a meal, when overheating or undercooling, physical activity. This so-called physiological leukocytosis, this condition does not require a visit to a doctor.

Women have slightly expanded limit of normal, as the WBC value affects more and hormones.

However, if the indicator is above or below the limits set for the sex and age of the patient, the call to the person skilled necessary. The first to visit a therapist.

The increase in WBC - is not a disease in the truest sense of the word, and only the signal of the problems encountered. For an accurate diagnosis will need more information. Need careful questioning and examination of the patient, there may be additional research.

How to bring back to normal WBC index

Reduce the level of WBC, if its increase is caused by a disease, you can use the medication. If the rate increase is due to physiological causes, over time, the value itself will return to normal. Increasing the number of leukocytes occurs mainly due to diet. Medicines in this case serve only as an auxiliary tool.

Some drugs raise the value of WBC impossible. Diet should appoint and supervise the doctor. In general, the recommended increase in the proportion of protein foods and foods rich in vitamins, in particular folic acid and ascorbic. Also needed are meals with a high content of lysine and choline.

Medications

Medications to lower WBC index are prescribed depending on diseases caused by leukocytosis:

• antiinflammatory drugs for inflammation;
• bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics;
• viruses respond to antiviral agents;
• helminthiasis treated antiparasitic drugs;
• allergic reactions stopped antihistamines.

All medications have their contraindications and side effects, so pick up medication and expect the regimen has the right to a doctor based on the patient's history.

Traditional methods

The following formulations are used to enhance WBC level:

1. Pollen. Mix one part honey with two parts, pollen, insist three days. Take a teaspoon, drink milk.
2. Infusion of sweet clover (cold). The two teaspoons dried chopped herbs adding cold boiled water (2 cups), infuse four hours strain. Drink 20-40 minutes before eating a third cup three times a day.
3. Broth oats. The crude oats (2 tbsp. l.) Pour hot water (400 ml), boiled for 15 min., filter. Drink half a cup three times a day for a month.

Reduce the rate of WBC by using the following tools:

1. Infusion of linden inflorescences. Tablespoon colors pour hot water (200 ml), boiled for five minutes on low heat. Daily dose - two or three glasses.
2. blackthorn berries. Kilogram berries add water (400 mL), stretch. Insist day, sweeten to taste, boil on low heat. Wait until the infusion to cool, then strain. Take 50 grams. before meals three times a day.

Other methods

Increase the WBC index will help:

• fresh vegetables and berries, fruits, buckwheat, parsley, oats;
• seafood, red caviar, eggs, nuts, dry red wine in small doses;
• increasing the share of fruit and vegetables with a red color, it is particularly recommended grenades;
• Beet juice increases the level of white blood cells, is ideal for the prevention of cancer;
• the proportion of meat, liver, animal fat should be reduced.

Increased WBC level associated with obesity, adjusted literate, developed by experts, diet. Normal fasting diet does not count. Uncontrolled refusal of food is able to cause great harm to health.

possible complications

Leukocytosis is not dangerous in itself, is a kind of alarm body. However, to ignore the increase of white blood cells, due to physiological reasons, it is impossible, as will be missed during the treatment. This will significantly increase the risk of complications from the underlying disease.

Lowering the level of WBC is weakened immunity. The body becomes defenseless against any infections. And the lower the value, the more dangerous it becomes a disease. Even ordinary hypothermia may give rise to serious disease, provoke serious complications in critically ill is not excluded death.

Raising or lowering the level of WBC is not a disease. This is a signal indicating that a person had health problems. WBC measure blood analysis provides information about the status of immunity, the presence of inflammation or other diseases. To bring the blood back to normal, you need to identify and treat the underlying disease.

Interesting video about the WBC, his health and reasons for rejection

Parsing the analysis on leukocytes:

Norma performance in the general analysis of blood: