Amylase. The norm in the blood of women, men, children over the age of, the table. What this means is increased, decreased, treatment

Most carbohydrates enters the human digestive tract in the form of polysaccharides - giant molecules, that due to their large size can not pass through the intestinal wall and biological membranes cells.

It is necessary to grind them, shattering into small pieces (monosaccharides) which can freely penetrate into the cells and there is oxidized, become a source of energy. For this purpose in the human body there is food enzymes - amylase. Knowledge of its norms in the blood of men and women helps to avoid problems with the digestive tract.

blood amylase norm for women, men and children by age

Partially amylase produced by the salivary glands, participating in the process of primary crushing and splitting to form a food bolus. In small quantities of the enzyme is in the muscles, kidneys, lungs and ovaries.

Synthesis of its basic amount occurs in the pancreas: amylase with other digestive enzymes (lipase, protease) component is produced by the pancreatic gland juice. In its role, the enzyme is excreted from the body in urine.

Therefore distinguish between:

• pancreatic amylase - an enzyme that produces pancreas;
• Alpha-amylase - amylase all that is produced in the body;
• diastase - amylase, which is in the urine.

The proper functioning of the digestive system required normal concentration of enzyme in blood, which is independent of sex, but subject to age.

Amylase: in the blood of the norm for women, men and children

Alpha-amylase (in 1 liter of blood)
Age	Indicators
Child up to 2 years	5-65 u / l
Children from 2 years and adults up to 70 years	25-125 u / l
Adults older than 70 years	20-160 u / l
Pancreatic amylase (at 1 liter blood)
Age	Indicators
Infants up to six months	less than 8 u / l
Toddlers from six months to a year	less than 23 u / l
Children to 10 years	less than 31 u / l
Teenagers from 10 to 16 years	less than 39 u / l
Adults	less than 50 u / l

Neonates amylase level is negligible because the mother's milk for processing meet other enzymes, but with the introduction of its quantity gradually rises in the diet of new products that is physiological norm.

What happens when the level of amylase

For middle aged adult level of alpha-amylase to 120 u / l pancreatic amylase and 50 units. / L is considered normal. A slight excess of these parameters is a temporary phenomenon may be related to food intake, rich in carbohydrates, emotional or physical exertion and may not cause noticeable degradation It is.

About Pathology say, when the amount of the enzyme increases rapidly and is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• pain in the right side, worse after eating the food;
• diarrhea;
• malaise, weakness, fatigue.

Reasons for increasing amylase

The main reason for increasing the concentration of enzyme in blood is a malfunction of the pancreas, amylase synthesizing in large quantities.

In turn, this can be caused by:

• excess pancreatic juice;
• the existence of obstacles to its normal circulation;
• inflammatory processes in the gland itself or in its neighboring tissues.

All these problems do not arise by themselves, and are a direct result of various pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, or infectious diseases.

Chronic and acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis - a rapidly developing inflammation of the pancreas tissue. Normally produced by its gastric juice through the duct enters the duodenum. Here, the enzymes contained in the juice are activated and start the food processing process.

If gastric outflow is complicated, it accumulates in the cavity of pancreatic enzymes are activated prematurely and begins to process the iron itself, causing its destruction. In turn, rejects tissue provoke an increase in the activity of enzymes, giving rise to a cascade of pathological process, which involved all the new sites.

Norma blood amylase in acute pancreatitis in both men and women may increase 8 times. At risk - adults who abuse alcohol.

The main symptoms are:

• attacks of severe pain girdling. They are located in the right side, the length can sometimes be a few days;
• vomiting bile in the presence of vomitus, which does not improve the condition of the patient;
• lack of appetite, heartburn, prolonged hiccups;
• constipation or diarrhea;
• dry mouth, the appearance of plaque white or yellow in the language;
• swelling of the upper abdomen under tension the abdominal wall;
• bluish tinge yellow skin, yellowing of the whites of the eyes;
• deterioration of health: fever, increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, sweating, rapid weight loss.

In the chronic form of pancreatitis disease is sluggish, during remission, as described above, there are no symptoms, appearing at an exacerbation. Structure pancreas glandular tissue is gradually replaced by connective tissue, which eventually leads to insufficient production of digestive enzymes including: amylase.

Viral (epidemic) Mumps

Children's disease, better known as mumps or mumps, wherein paromiksovirusom salivary glands are affected, which leads to irritation of the salivary glands and to increased production of alpha-amylase.

Symptomatology of the disease is as follows:

• severe pain in the salivary glands (nearby the ears under the tongue), reinforced with chewing and when pressed into place, located behind the ear lobe;
• pronounced swelling of the lower face, sometimes extending to the neck;
• tinnitus induced tumor pressure on the Eustachian tube;
• heat.

As a general rule, subject to all the doctor's recommendations regarding diet and patient mode, mumps causes complications, the normal operation of the salivary glands is restored after recovery and development comes in amylase norm.

endocrine pathology

Disruptions to the endocrine glands can cause hormonal failure and, as a consequence, lead to enhanced development of amylase.

For example:

1. Thyroid disease disrupts the salivary glands.
2. Lesions island pancreatic cells responsible for producing hormones glucagon and insulin which respectively lower and raise blood glucose leads to stagnation of pancreatic juice and increased concentrations amylase.

Moreover, malfunctions of the pancreas often leads to the development of gallstones and cholecystitis, which, in turn, become a cause of increasing the level of the enzyme.

Failure caused by a hormonal metabolic disorders can cause the appearance of stones in the bladder and urethra and lead to accumulation of diastase in the body.

Recognize the presence of endocrine diseases can be on the following grounds:

• sharp wanton weight change;
• bone fragility, frequent fractures of extremities in the absence of severe traumatic factor;
• dryness of the eyes, mouth;
• frequent urination;
• blurred vision;
• loss or excessive hair growth;
• High pressure is not reduced by the reception of tablets

Diabetes

A disease in which the body does not use glucose and substances that are its source, remain unclaimed, gradually accumulate in the body.

Cause of the disease - the lack of insulin - a hormone produced by the pancreas. In diabetes, the body in an attempt to compensate for insulin deficiency begins vigorously produce food enzymes that cleave polysaccharides, and the level of amylase in the blood is greatly increased.

distinguish:

Type of	Description	symptoms
Diabetes type 1	When insulin is not produced due to prostate tissue damage responsible for its synthesis. The first type of diabetes can hurt people of any age, including children.	The list of symptoms: rapid weight loss with increased appetite; constant thirst; severe fatigue, drowsiness; frequent urination.
Diabetes Type 2	When insulin is produced in sufficient quantities, but not absorbed by the body and is not used "for other purposes." It is usually acquired, at risk - people older than 50 years.	By the symptoms of diabetes type 1 are added: numbness of extremities, accompanied by tingling in the fingers; intermittent nausea, vomiting; dry skin, itching; ulceration if any damage of the skin, slow healing of even minor wounds; high blood pressure.

Peritonitis

Acute inflammation of the peritoneum, which is the most common reason - violation of the integrity of the hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract (eg, appendix gap, damage to the small or large intestine walls) at which their contents into the peritoneal cavity. inflammation developing process causes irritation of the pancreas and improves its activity of tissues that produce amylase.

In acute peritonitis disease develops rapidly and is characterized by:

• severe pain in the abdomen, aggravated by any movement;
• nausea and bouts of vomiting;
• suddenly appeared high fever;
• sweating;
• a complete loss of appetite.

Chronic peritonitis may be a consequence of the absence or improper treatment of the internal organs, it sometimes leads to acute peritonitis, converted into the chronic stage. The disease is manifested by periodic pains, problems with bowel movement and bladder weakness, fever, cyanosis of the skin.

Oncology

The high level of amylase in the absence of all other reasons - one of the striking features of the presence of cancer.

In this case, there are other symptoms, depending on the location of the tumor:

• wheezing and coughing unrecoverable treatment. This may indicate cancer of the lungs and other organs of the respiratory system;
• change of taste preferences, food problems with swallowing, disturbances of intestinal type change and odor of feces. Possible cause of these phenomena - a tumor that affects the gastrointestinal tract organs;
• pain in the neck. May indicate cancer of the throat;
• a sharp change in the type and color of moles. This is an alarming sign of skin cancer.

There are also common signs of cancer:

• poorly healing wounds;
• unexplained pain;
• bleeding;
• the sudden rise in temperature, for no apparent reason;
• sudden weight loss.

kidney failure

Pathological condition of the body, wherein the kidney function is disturbed and they lose the ability to fully withdraw urine and contained therein diastase accumulates in the body.

The main symptoms are:

• stabbing pain localized to one or both sides.
• change in volume, appearance and odor of urine, burning sensation during urination;
• feeling chills associated with insufficient production of erythropoietin, and blood circulation;
• leg swelling in the ankles, hands and face;
• rash and itching - a consequence of accumulation of toxins in the body;
• metallic taste, change in taste;
• nausea.

Poisoning

Raise amylase may substances which promote pancreatic juice detained in the gland.

This often happens in cases of poisoning:

1. Alcohol. Abuse of strong drink often leads to the development of alcoholic pancreatitis, disrupts the pancreas, and enhances the activity of amylase.
2. Stale food (food poisoning).
3. Various synthetic additives: flavoring agents, flavor enhancers, preservatives.
4. Chemicals.
5. Some drugs illiterate at reception.

Intoxication, the result of which will increase the concentration of amylase, and can cause excessive consumption of greasy, spicy, salty foods, as well as the constant overeating.

Among the unpleasant symptoms of poisoning:

• vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• heat;
• headache;
• dry mouth;
• general weakness.

Ectopic pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy - a pathology, in which the fertilized egg can not for any reason to go into the uterus (curved pipe, soldering), and therefore attaches to the walls of the fallopian tube or the wall of the abdomen may also provoke improving amylase sufficient for its concentration increases in dozens of times.

In the early stages of ectopic pregnancy is easily confused with normal pregnancy, because it has all the characteristics of:

• absence of menstrual periods;
• breast tenderness;
• toxicosis.

Cheerleaders have the following symptoms:

• sharp pain in the abdomen, usually in the side;
• bleeding from the vagina;
• general weakness.

Why is increased amylase during pregnancy

Amylase (blood rate of women in the state may have slight variations in decrease or increase) can be raised and lowered in relation to the following factors:

• radical restructuring of all systems of the body;
• changes in hormonal levels;
• change of taste preferences;
• changes in lifestyle, eating habits;
• anxiety associated with feelings about the future of motherhood;
• toxicosis.

However, pregnancy, creating an additional burden on the body, can lead to the rapid development of pathologies whose existence woman not previously suspected, or the transition of chronic disease in the acute phase and, as a consequence, a strong increase in the concentration amylase.

Likely reasons repeated excess levels of this enzyme in pregnant are:

• transition into an acute form of chronic pancreatitis;
• progressive cholelithiasis;
• ectopic pregnancy.

In the first two cases, early diagnosis (specimen collection, laboratory tests, ultrasound) and treatment is possible using conservative methods to fix the problem or temporarily suspend the development of disease. If an ectopic pregnancy will require urgent surgical intervention.

Amylase (the norm in the blood of women in the position is often reduced) falls in volume in relation to:

• hereditary factors (cystic fibrosis);
• hepatic lesions (hepatitis);
• pancreatic necrosis tissues (pancreatic).

Diagnostics

Although higher values ​​of amylase levels are possible for many diseases, most often a need to define Specific parameters of the enzyme concentration in the blood occurs with suspected acute or chronic pancreatitis.

What analysis helps to determine the level of amylase in the blood

For the level of amylase data needed blood chemistry - kind of laboratory tests, giving a complete picture of the internal organs, especially the metabolism and identifying excess or lack of biologically active substances, including food enzymes.

Survey Preparation

To get the correct result, it takes careful preparation to perform the procedure.

In particular, the patient's task:

1. 2 to 3 days prior to the date of analysis, adhere to a diet, giving up fatty, spicy foods and drinking hard liquor. It is recommended to eat small meals 5-6 times a day.
2. For some time to stop taking of drugs that can distort the result or, in the case of the impossibility of their cancellation, move survey at a different time. The decision is made by the doctor.
3. Within 8-12 hours before visiting polikliniki completely abandon the meal.
4. One hour prior to blood donation to give up smoking.
5. For several hours prior to the procedure to eliminate high physical, mental and emotional stress.

Any other medical examinations and procedures are performed only after analysis will be completed.

How to take the analysis as wait for answers

Blood is taken from the cubital vein, for which the puncture site of the future treated with an antiseptic, then hand clamped harness and the needle inserted into a vein. Since the procedure is performed on an empty stomach, to her appointed morning, usually from 8 am to 11 am.

In an emergency, the blood is taken at any time, and the doctor then adjusts the result, making allowances for the time of day, amount and quality of food. Further, the biomaterial is studied, for which it is added carbohydrates and their cleavage rate concludes enzyme concentration.

In addition to the level of amylase, and other indicators are assessed: total protein, these lipid metabolism, cholesterol, glucose, hormones, other food enzymes, which help to determine the presence or absence of internal pathologies authorities. The analysis result can be obtained on the date of analysis, within a few hours.

Deciphering the analysis results

The result of biochemical analysis - this is the form in which one column lists all the investigated parameters, and the other - their value. Depending on the adopted in a particular health care facility rules amylase may be referred to the inscriptions: "amyL", or "alpha-amylase".

Amylase (rate in women and men in the blood should be in the range of from 28 to 100 u / L) increased gastrointestinal pathologies. However, to draw conclusions on the results of the analysis, make a final decision about the presence or absence of the disease and prescribe treatment - task of the doctor and not the patient.

treatment with drugs

Deviations from the normal level of amylase in the direction of reduction or enlargement may not occur on their own: they are only a consequence of some negative processes in the body, symptoms suggestive of the presence of pathology.

Selection drugs that normalize the concentration of the enzyme will depend upon the particular disease:

Disease	Therapy
Chronic and acute pancreatitis	Appointed by means of suppressing the secretion of food enzymes: omeprazole and contrycal. In order to discharge gland often prescribe drugs containing other enzymes: lipase (breaks down fats), protease (cleaves proteins).
parotitis	Treatment is to ensure adequate nutrition and patient pastel mode. If the disease is transferred to hard, the doctor may prescribe painkillers and antispasmodics: Furosimed, Aktovegin, Agopurin, Trental.
Endocrine disease caused by thyroid dysfunction	To normalize the metabolism and reduce the level of amylase prescribe hormones: thyroxine and tireotom.
Diabetes	Biguanides used - drugs that can improve glucose uptake and, consequently, reducing its concentration to normalize the amount of amylase. By bigunidam include metformin and phenformin.
Peritonitis	Require urgent surgical intervention in the postoperative period, patients were administered antibiotics: Metrogil, Ampicillin. Amylase to normal as soon as the inflammation will be eliminated.
kidney failure	It is necessary to normalize the output of urine from the body and thereby reduce the concentration of diastase. Widely used diuretics: Lasix and ethacrynic acid.
poisoning	It is how to remove the substance from the body quickly as possible, it has become a cause. With this successfully cope adsorbents: activated carbon, enterosgel, smectite.
Ectopic pregnancy	In most cases, can not do without surgery. In the earliest stages can be used drugs mifepristone and methotrexate, which cause delamination of the ovum and provoke a miscarriage.

Recipes of traditional medicine

Home techniques can bring the recovery time and help to normalize the process of production of amylase, provided that:

• they are in addition to medical treatment;
• It applies only after consultation with the doctor;
• the disease does not require surgical intervention. For example, in cases of suspected peritonitis or an ectopic pregnancy without skilled care can not do;
• the patient's condition is satisfactory.

Recipe	appointment	Preparation and Application
Kissel oats	It helps with pancreatitis restore correct operation of the pancreas	1. Washed oats pour boiling water. 2. A day later crushed. 3. The resulting slurry was diluted with water and boil for a few minutes. 4. After cooling strain and taken before meals.
The infusion of lime blossom	It helps to alleviate the patient's condition at the mumps	1. 1 tbsp. spoon flowers fill cup boiling water and allow to infuse for 15 minutes. 2. Filter and take a third cup 3 times a day.
Nut and honey mixture	Apply with the defeat of the thyroid gland	1. Mix in equal parts honey buckwheat, buckwheat flour, crushed walnuts. 2. Once a week during the day eat only this mixture. The course lasts 6 weeks.
Infusion of the leaves of blueberries	Used in diabetes	1. 1 tbsp. l. Bilberry leaves collected in late spring boiled water. 2. Ingredients put in a water bath and heated for 30-40 minutes. 3. Strain through cheesecloth. Infusion take 5 times a day, ½ cup.
Sitz baths on the basis of broth sage, pine needles, sea salt	In peritonitis, after discharge from the hospital will help to quickly regain strength, to avoid re-inflammation of the peritoneum and to normalize the concentration of amylase.	1. Grass zaparivat advance in a thermos or filter bags are filled with it in boiling water for 10-15 minutes. 2. Broth is poured into the prepared bath.
Foods rich in vitamin B17	In oncology are capable of destroying cancer cells.	1. Should potoloch grape, apple, apricot pits. 2. The resulting powder was added a pinch of a food.
herbal teas	If an ectopic pregnancy, the use of these funds is only possible during the recovery period. They help a woman regain strength quickly.	Teas prepared based viburnum and calendula, with the addition of: yarrow; clover; chamomile; currant. They can be alternated with enemas prepared on the same herbs.

The principles of diet with high levels of amylase

The treatment may be ineffective if the patient will continue to be forced to work his pancreas beyond measure.

To completely restore its functions need a special diet that excludes foods rich in carbohydrates, such as:

• alcohol;
• chocolate candies;
• pastries, cakes, pastries;
• coffee;
• canned food;
• excessively fatty, spicy, salty, sour dishes. You should also refuse smoked.

They need to replace foods that are low in carbohydrates, which include:

• lean meat (namely meat, not sausage products, as part of which may be a high percentage of soybeans), veal, rabbit, poultry, beef, and meat by-products;
• vegetables (except potatoes and peas - they should be used with caution in small quantities);
• fruit, except for grapes, melons, persimmons, which are rich in carbohydrates;
• fish and any seafood;
• dairy products with low fat content: cottage cheese, kefir, yogurt.

It is important and proper cooking: need to remove from your diet fried, foods should be cooked using boiling, stewing, steaming. It is also necessary to choose the right diet: do not overeat, eat eat small meals 5-6 times a day.

Forecast

Provided timely visit to a doctor, adequate treatment of the underlying disease and compliance with all the requirements of the diet, amylase level in the blood of men and women can be completely bring back to normal.

If the patient continues to lead the old way of life, to abuse alcohol, eat too much, it will have in the future a lot of sweet, spicy and salty face even more serious problems.

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

Video of amylase

Diet to reduce amylase: