Sore throat in children. Symptoms and Treatment: viral, catarrhal, bacterial, purulent, herpes, with temperature and without the photo. Which is better to take an antibiotic, prevention

Recognize the disease is sometimes quite difficult, because the symptoms can point to various diseases. Especially hard to determine children's disease. One of the most common in children is a sore throat, examining the symptoms of which can be early treatment and avoid further complications.

Medical certificate - angina

Angina - an infectious disease involving inflammation of the tonsils and throat by increasing their size. Another name for the disease - acute tonsillitis. It affects limfodenoidnoe pharyngeal ring.

Code of the International Classification of Diseases - J03.

Kinds

Medical practice distinguishes 4 types of diseases such as angina in children.

Symptoms and treatment of each type have their differences:

1. Bluetongue. It affects the tonsil surface, begins with pain and sore throat, can go to the ear. There is a fever and swelling of the throat. The disease runs in 2 days or goes into a different form.
2. Follicular. It affects the tonsils apparatus, accompanied by severe pain in the throat, aching muscles and fever. In the throat region they formed small follicles containing pus. The disease is eliminated by opening the boil and removing purulent layer.
3. Lacunar. Disease is expressed in a large amount of suppurative plaque within the tonsils. Often accompanied by pain in the muscles and joints. Palpation painful throat. Body temperature rises to 39-40 degrees, vomiting occurs.
4. Necrotic. This is the most difficult form of the disease, in which the tonsils completely die.

Classification

According to the modern classification, angina is divided into:

• sharp (Lacunar, catarrhal);
• primary - an acute inflammation of the tonsils;
• secondary - accompanying acute infectious disease;
• specific - sore throat, in this case is itself a symptom.

divided by the river on the pathogenesis:

• compensated - sore throat without complications;
• decompensated - severe consequences, violation of bodily functions.

According to the severity of the course:

• easy;
• average weight;
• heavy.

Due to the occurrence:

• bacterial;
• fungus;
• viral.

By the nature of the symptoms:

• banal angina;
• atypical.

Causes of

Determination of the pathogen tonsillitis in children will help to identify the symptoms and prescribe early treatment.

These include:

• beta-hemolytic streptococcus A;
• aureus;
• pneumococci;
• viruses;
• fungus.

angina reasons could be:

• inactive immune system;
• general hypothermia;
• Local hypothermia larynx by receiving cold drinks;
• transmission from a sick person.

risk groups

risk group:

• People with a reduced immune activity;
• with oral diseases (stomatitis, caries);
• children up to 3 years;
• persons who have recently undergone an acute infectious disease.

Ways of infection

Possible ways of transmission:

• airborne during transmission from the human patient;
• transition from other pathogens infectious foci (nasal diseases, caries);
• penetration of the environment with food, air;

• transmission through everyday objects.

incubation period

The duration of the incubation period depends on:

• angina pathogen;
• presence of foci of chronic diseases;
• form of the disease;
• of the immune system.

The incubation period of the disease in each type of angina:

• banal - 3-4 days;
• viral - 2-5 days;
• purulent angina types - depending on the condition of the immune system, from 5 to 7 days;
• Bluetongue - 3-5 days;
• herpes - up to 2 weeks;
• abscess - 1-2 days.

stage

angina steps:

1. The incubation period. It is from 1 to 5 days, depending on the form of the disease.
2. First stage. By the time it takes less than incubation. It begins to form a general weakness, the first signs of the disease.
3. During the height of angina. Most often observed at 2-3 days of illness. The child appears in body temperature jump, pain when swallowing, malaise. This period extends the entire length of the treatment.
4. convalescence.

symptoms

The most dangerous is a sore throat in children. Symptoms and treatment are interlinked and it is important to correctly determine the type of disease.

Typical signs of angina include:

• sore throat;

• increase tonsils;
• redness of the throat;
• painful submandibular lymph nodes;
• temperature rise;
• chills;
• headache;
• fatigue, fatigue.

atypical symptoms

By atypical signs of angina include:

• putrid smell from the mouth;
• diarrhea and vomiting;
• pain when turning head;
• hoarse voice;
• disturbed sleep and appetite;
• pale skin;
• labored breathing;
• increase in noise in the ears.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of tonsillitis in children (as well as the symptoms with medication) engaged pediatrician, otolaryngologist, and infectious diseases.

Diagnosis is:

1. Instrumental. Pharyngoscope conducted to identify swelling of tonsils, their change in size and blur the edges. Determined lymph nodes pain and back of the throat.
   
2. Lab. To determine the virus is assigned swabs from the throat, inoculation of bacillus Leffler and CBC. It is also necessary to identify signs of renal damage by means of urine analysis (presence of red blood cells and protein).

Features catarrhal form

Such a form is the easiest type of the disease.

symptoms:

• Mucosal tonsils;
• burning and dryness of the throat;
• pain when swallowing;
• weakness, headaches;
• scratchy;
• decreased performance;
• Body temperature can rise to 38 degrees.

The disease occurs on the background of hypothermia or a weakened immune system. Transmitted from the airborne vehicle, or by household. With timely treatment to the doctor and taking medication, recovery occurs within 5-7 days.

The main goal of treatment is to eliminate the pathogen. Penicillin-type antibiotics are antiviral agents. Sprays for topical applications and pills to reduce the pain in the throat. If there are complications, catarrhal angina goes into follicular or lacunary form, accompanied by the appearance of the palatal plaque.

Mass outbreaks observed in autumn and winter, most often in children and in adults aged 30-45 years.

Features follicular form

Signs of follicular angina are:

• pus formation of yellow color on the tonsils;
• deterioration of health;
• a sharp rise in temperature;
• muscle pain;
• sore throat does not depend on swallowing.

Duration of illness is 6-8 days. Possible complications include vomiting, confusion and pain in the joints.

Especially lacunar form

Lacunar angina is a more complex form of the disease.

Symptoms include:

• prolonged fever;
• fever;
• headache, weakness;
• pain in the jaw joints, pain when swallowing;
• mucosal edema palate and tonsils;
• acceleration of heart rate;
• swollen lymph nodes of the jaw and neck.

Selection of drugs for the treatment not differ from bluetongue angina. Stay in bed and reduction of contacts, drinking plenty of fluids. Food should be consumed in a shabby and not sharp.

If there is no improvement in 5-7 days hospitalization may be required, depending on the complexity of the pathogenesis.

Features fibrinous form

symptoms:

• throat pain when swallowing;
• muscle pain;
• swollen lymph nodes;
• heat;
• decreased activity;
• the appearance of purulent formations.

disease within 5-7 days. If there are complications after the period pus can spread to the whole oral cavity. There is a strong nasal congestion, which can cause choking.

Treatment includes bed rest and drinking plenty of fluids. Administration of drugs aimed at the decontamination and removal of edema. Assigned by antibiotics, antiseptics and rinses to remove purulent plaque.

Features abscess forms

This form is an acute purulent inflammation.

The signs include:

• sore throat, even when the head turns;
• hoarse voice;
• excessive salivation;
• increase in temperature indicators 40 degrees;
• apathy;
• headache;
• 1-2 days there are purulent spot with clear boundaries;
• sky edema;
• increase in submandibular lymph nodes.

Sore Treatment child involves the use of drugs to relieve pain and eliminate the bacteria - outer antibiotics, antiseptics and preparations for oral irrigation.

In case of complications, surgical intervention (opening of purulent formations).

Especially herpes forms

Angina herpes-type children have these symptoms:

• fever, chills;
• fatigue, tiredness;
• increased salivation;
• poor appetite;
• a sore throat;
• cough, dry mouth;
• swollen lymph nodes;
• watery appearance, transparent structures in the palate and tonsils;
• blisters may burst, forming ulcers.

Due to the viral nature of the disease, the treatment is carried out to eliminate the symptoms. Showed bed rest, drinking, lack of contacts. Assigned antihistamines for relief of edema, antivirals, antipyretics. Antibiotics are rarely, only in case of complications.

Among the most difficult consequences of improper treatment celebrate meningitis, sepsis and renal disease.

Features gangrenous form

A feature of this form is that it is triggered by two organisms - spindle rod and spirochete. They exist in the body forever, but cause a sore throat with a weakened immunity due to previous diseases or against the background of non-compliance with oral hygiene.

Distinctive features:

• lack of temperature;
• tonsils struck from one side;
• the feeling of a foreign object in the mouth;
• smell, turns the putrefactive;
• increased salivation;
• the presence of plaque on the tonsils.

The duration of the disease is 1-2 weeks. The patient is treated in hospital as a sore throat is contagious. Methods of treatment elected local and antibacterial.

Especially fungal forms

The most dangerous when there is a fungal tonsillitis in children. The symptoms and treatment are similar to the gangrenous form, because the disease occurs as a result of a weakened immune system and improper treatment.

Special features:

• distortion of taste;
• weakness;
• headache;
• cheesy plaque on the tonsils.

Period of the disease is 7-10 days. A possible complication is the development of chronic forms of the disease.

Especially atypical form

The distinctive features of this form are as follows:

• inability to eat or drink due to this pain;
• redness or swelling of tonsils with one hand;
• intoxication - nausea, vomiting, lethargy.

For treatment can take up to a month because of the complexity of the disease. In the diagnosis of pathogens are identified and assigned to the antibiotics to which they are sensitive. Infected hospitalization.

Properties of the mixed form

The most dangerous - mixed tonsillitis in children, symptoms and treatment is difficult to subdue a particular algorithm.

Features forms is that the diagnosis revealed signs of viral and bacterial pathogens, comprehensive treatment is given, the use of antibiotics for local and domestic action, antifungal drugs. In case of incorrect treatment of mixed angina provides enough expressed complications, which spread to the internal organs.

therapies

Methods of treatment of angina are divided into domestic and medication.

Drug treatment comprises:

• antihistamines - to relieve edema;
• fever;
• antiseptics - to eliminate the infection;
• topical antibiotics;

• painkillers;
• lozenges;
• anti-inflammatory drugs.

Home remedies:

• gargling various broths;

• using vitamin mineral products;
• means support the immune system on the basis of herbs.

antibacterials

These drugs are prescribed for the types of septic sore throat, as well as in the follicular form.

Sprays for topical anti-infective can have effects on the respiratory tract:

• bioparoks;
• Sumamed.

local treatment

For local therapy in the majority of cases are assigned:

1. Miramistin. topical spray that is able to provide antimicrobial and antibacterial effect. Appointed in all forms of angina.
2. Geksoral spray. Has anesthetic effect on the throat, fights infection and fungi.

antipyretics

Preparations containing paracetamol assigned when any form of angina, implying a temperature rise above 38 degrees, usually virus. Antipyretic drugs referred to as analgesics.

They differ analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect, reducing the temperature:

• Panadol;

• Nurofen;
• Paracetamol.

antihistamines

These medications are not superfluous in the treatment of angina. Their effect is to remove the mucosa edema, prevention of allergic reactions and improving the general state of the organism.

As a rule, used in the treatment of lacunar angina:

• Tsetrin;
• peritol;
• Zyrtec;
• Fenistil.

concomitant therapy

Along with the use of drugs effective concomitant therapy is an inhalation. Their action is irrigated throughout the oral cavity and respiratory tract drugs, converted into an aerosol.

Inhalation is divided into:

• Steam. Breathing of vapor. The most commonly used soda solution, iodine or hlorgiksedin;

• Using a nebulizer. Used drugs - Tonsilgon®, Miramistin, Furatsilinom.

Antiviral and antifungal drugs

Medications prescribed for viral types of angina, as well as those in which the pathogen is a fungus (herpetic, gangrenous). Effects of drugs is to destroy the source of the viral disease and the exclusion of the possibility of complications and recurrence.

These drugs include:

• viferon;
• Anaferon;
• Nystatin.

To normalize the intestinal microflora

Prevention of violations of the intestinal microflora is a necessary step when taking antibiotics, since they contribute to the reduction of beneficial microorganisms in the gut.

Most are appointed:

• Linex;
• bifiform;
• Biobakton.

Vitamin and mineral preparations

Vitamin complexes are indicated for the prevention of diseases of the nasopharynx, including angina. It is encouraged to take their course 2 times a year.

The action is aimed at strengthening the immune system:

• Centrum;
• Alphabet;
• Multitabs.

Inhalation nebulizer

Inhalation using a nebulizer is the most effective way, because the drug affects the entire mucous membrane, and better penetration into the blood. Nebulizer converts any medication in an aerosol that quickly affects the respiratory tract.

Rules of inhalation:

• holding is possible only a few hours after eating;
• Nothing should obstruct the neck and make it difficult to breath;
• it is not recommended to be distracted by talk;
• breath through the mouth, delayed for a few seconds and exhale slowly through your nose;
• before the inhalation is not suitable for intake of other drugs;
• do not eat or drink another 20 minutes after the procedure.

Inhalation should be done three times a day, no more than 5 minutes.

Drugs for inhalation are assigned based on the goals of treatment - expectoration, antiseptic, pain relief. For the nebulizer is not recommended to use the funds on the basis of oil, as they can cause an allergic reaction. It is also not necessary to apply suspensions and syrups, not to provoke a breakdown of the device.

Folk remedies

Sore throat in children under standard symptoms and mild, it may well be treated at home with folk remedies. A popular medicinal product is honey. Its constituent substances help eliminate toxins in angina, accelerate metabolism and cope with the pain in my throat.

A method for preparing means:

• It takes 20 g butter and the same amount of honey, a pinch of salt;
• Put the ingredients in a bowl and into the water bath;
• slowly stirring to melt the ingredients before the foam;
• cool and store in refrigerator.

Reception means is shown daily tablespoon after a meal, only in the form of heat.

Another useful product is beet. Its juice does not irritate the throat and has anti-inflammatory, sedative and analgesic effect. Are effective rinsing of beet.

Cooking method:

• 2 medium beets need to clean and cook until tender;
• in 5 ml of broth to add propolis (can be replaced by honey or lemon juice);
• the obtained solution is recommended gargling every 2 h.

Surgical removal of the tonsils

Surgery for the treatment of angina called tonsillectomy. Such a method is applied in extreme cases, when the treatment does not give the results of the infection spreads and the whole body.

Indications for surgery:

• frequent angina purulent type;
• lack of response to antibiotics and washing course;
• originated reactive arthritis;
• swelling increased so that trouble breathing;
• complicated abscesses;
• occurrence of renal diseases.

Currently available methods of laser and radiofrequency tonsillectomy, in which a local anesthetic is used. If you are using a scalpel, require general anesthesia.

After induction of anesthesia tonsils completely pulled out with scissors, a scalpel and loops. This method makes it possible to eradicate the infectious agent, the risk of recurrence is minimal. Healing occurs with moderate pain.

However, removal of tonsils worsens local immunity and creates the risk of bronchitis.

Sore throat in children up to 3 years

Development of sore throat in children under 3 years quite common. Definition of symptoms and treatment assignment should be carried out in due time, complications can occur otherwise.

the disease is transmitted from an infected child or from a healthy carrier of streptococcus. Infection occurs by droplets or domestic (through food, toys, utensils). Due to the complexity of the diagnosis type of sore throat in children under 3 years old, they are subject to hospitalization and in-patient treatment.

Comprehensive treatment of tonsillitis in children include:

• antibacterial and antifungal agents;
• antipyretics;
• probiotics;
• topical treatment (inhaled, oral irrigation, tablets);
• bed rest.

The duration of treatment is 10 days, to completely eradicate the infection and eliminate the possibility of recurrence.

child care in angina

Sore throat in children whose symptoms are evident, can be cured at home.

In the child care you should follow the recommendations of doctors:

• provision of bed rest;
• Use treatment with folk remedies;
• regular airing children's room;
• drinking plenty of fluids;
• exception of frequent contact with others;
• proper nutrition, exclusive sharp and solid foods;
• it is not recommended to heat the throat.

prevention

In order to eliminate the occurrence of sore throats in children are kindly requested to take care of prevention:

• Avoid frequent contact during the period of acute illness;
• strengthen the immune system;

• time to treat co-morbidities;
• Avoid allergens in food;
• keep your feet warm, avoid prolonged hypothermia;
• drink vitamin complexes 2 times a year;
• implement hardening, walks outdoors;
• comply sleep.

Tips Komarovsky

Dr. Komarovsky E. ABOUT. It gives the following advice on the prevention of sore throat in children:

• to maintain the protective functions of the mucous membranes, since they cause the weakness of local immunity;
• not contribute to dry and warm air, it may provoke the mucous dryness;
• should not get involved in drugs of local action;
• Avoid contact with sick people;
• not forbid the child to eat cold food and drinks - they stimulate blood circulation in the nasopharynx;
• a balanced approach to the choice of antibiotics in the treatment and their use.

When you see all kinds of sore throats in children, it is important to correctly identify the symptoms and prescribe early treatment. Delay threatens the development of chronic and complications.

Video of tonsillitis in children

How to treat a sore throat for Komorowski:

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