Chloramphenicol ointment. Instructions for use, price, reviews, analogues

Chloramphenicol is an antimicrobial synthetic broad-spectrum. The international classification is non-proprietary name hloramfinekol (Chloramphenicol) and refers to a group of antibiotics. Chloramphenicol ointment intended for outdoor use.

It is prescribed to inhibit bacterial functions - pathogens of purulent necrotic processes, as well as diseases of infectious and inflammatory nature. The instructions for use is the full list of diseases for which a doctor prescribes chloramphenicol as a medical drug.

Release form and composition of the drug

Hloramfinekol the first time has been isolated from gram-positive bacterial species Streptomyces venezuelae in 1947 Currently it launched production of synthetic antibiotics on a large scale. It has a relatively simple structure and is one of a medicine for the most common use of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis and bacteriostatic effect.

Chloramphenicol ointment 1% is produced in tubes of 20 g and 30 g, one tube in the package. Cream white or yellowish or greenish color with weak specific smell.

100 g Chloramphenicol ointment contains the following components:

• 1 g of chloramphenicol (active substance);
• excipients: Disodium editat, macrogol 400, vaseline oil, a drug OS-20, propylene glycol, cetostearyl alcohol.

pharmacological properties

Chemical formula: C₁₁H₁₂Cl₂N₂O_5. Title IUPAC nomenclature (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) 2,2-dichloro-N - [(1R, 2R) -1,3-dihydroxy-1- (4-nitrophenyl) propan-2-yl] acetamide.

Chloramphenicol is effective against vibrio are resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, penicillin, sulfonamides.

It is part of the eye drops and ointments external destination in surgery for wound postoperative sutures, festering wounds, trophic ulcers and burns infected. In dermatology, it is widely used in diseases of the skin purulent-inflammatory.

Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

pharmacodynamics

Chloramphenicol ointment has antibacterial effect against Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, which are characteristic for the aerobic and anaerobic pathogenic microorganisms.

Namely:

• staphylococci;
  
• streptococci;
• E. coli;
• Escherichia coli (in some cases);
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
• protozoa;
• clostridia;
• peptostreptokokki.

For topical use Chloramphenicol ointment pyogenic bacterial flora resistance to the drug is not formed. The drug has moderate hyperosmolar activity that prevents increase vascular permeability and liquid ingress into the tissue, and it often occurs in the presence of an inflammatory process.

This fact enables the use of an ointment in Phase 2 of the wound process, when the growth of vascular scar epithelialization, collagen formation. When applied topically, the ointment is not irritating to the affected tissue. Upon application on the wound with the newly formed granulation tissue protects against secondary infection and prevent the formation of foci of necrosis in them.

Pharmacokinetics

When applied topically the drug penetrates partially into the systemic circulation. Bioavailability is 7-8%. Hloramfinekola maximum concentration in plasma (C_max) Of 0.6 g / l.

The active substance is metabolised in the liver and excreted in bile via the intestine.

bioavailability and concentration in the circulation system-level parameters give grounds include Chloramphenicol ointment preparations of the local destination.

Indications

Chloramphenicol ointment applied in the following cases:

• in burn surgery and medicine for the treatment of burns on the wound healing process step 2 (cleaning and granulation) may assigned to the phase alteration in the absence of strong exudation - penetration of fluid from the small blood vessels in the tissue;
  
• Dermatological with chronic inflammatory diseases of the skin and microbial eczemas and acne skin diseases (acne).

Contraindications

Chloramphenicol ointment (instruction manual contains detailed information on the pharmacological properties of the drug) is not recommended in the following cases.

Scroll:

• Hypersensitivity to the active substance and other drugs based on amphenicols or any of the auxiliary components.
• For the treatment of wounds with strong purulent exudation. Appointment ointment possible after removal exudation by means of water-soluble drugs such as nitatsid, miramistin, oflokain or other ointments on the discretion of the physician.
• Blood dyscrasia, i.e. the presence of abnormal cells and particles in the blood stream, the patient's history is an absolute contraindication destination Chloramphenicol drug.
• Renal failure and hepatic dysfunction.
• Porphyria (a genetic disease with impaired heme synthesis).
• Hemopoiesis depression (aplastic anemia).

  

• During the I and III trimester of pregnancy, lactation, as well as in the provision of medical care to premature and newborn babies.

At what age can use the drug

The composition includes a potent antibiotic chloramphenicol, so before use, be sure to ask for the appointment to the doctor.

The drug is not prescribed to babies and care - children up to 2 years. The dose of drug depends on the area of ​​the damaged skin area, but should not exceed 0.36 g / kg for a single application; 1.43 g / kg - maximum daily dose for children.

Instructions for use, the dosage of the drug

Chloramphenicol ointment is intended for topical application. Before application of the ointment is necessary to conduct processing of purulent wounds and burns: remove necrotic tissues and suppurative exudate solutions miramistina 0.01%, 3% hydrogen peroxide, furatsilina 1: 5000 or hlorgesidina bigluconate 0,05%.

After cleansing the wound applied with a thin layer of drug, and then make a sterile bandage material. Possible to apply the ointment directly on the dressing, and then attach to the damaged area. According to the instructions for use, Chloramphenicol ointment is applied 1-2 times a day; burns in the presence of 1 every 1-2 days.

In the treatment of pyoderma, secondary eczema and acne ointment applied to the affected skin bacteria after the removal of necrotic tissue 3-4 times a day. If possible, ointment rubbed with light circular movements, grasping small areas of healthy skin around the wound. In this case, the dressing is not superimposed.

Weeping skin surface before applying the ointment should Chloramphenicol dry medical cloth. If the prescribed application of gauze dressing, the agent is used no more than 1-2 times per day. The dose determines the surgeon or dermatologist, it all depends on the degree and the area affected.

The duration of treatment is determined by a leading physician and depends on the positive dynamics of the relief of inflammatory processes, degree of healing and tightening their readiness for autodermoplasty, if needed (this operation of tissue transplants to reconstitute the affected area of ​​skin cover).

The recommended single dose chloramphenicol ointments should not exceed 25-75 g (250-750 mg of chloramphenicol), the daily dose should not be 100-200 g (1-2 g chloramphenicol) for the entire course of treatment dose should not exceed 3 kg (30 g of chloramphenicol) for 70 patient body weight kg.

The course of treatment should not exceed 14 days. If necessary Chloramphenicol ointment combined with other systemic drugs for effective action on wounds or burns.

Side effects

In case of individual intolerance and the patient's sensitivity to chloramphenicol or auxiliary components ointment base may appear itching, irritation, dryness, tension of the damaged skin area, and other manifestations of hypersensitivity when applied the drug. These side effects are a signal that the use of the preparation should be discontinued.

For topical use of soft drugs, which include chloramphenicol, for systemic action on the body is usually not detectable side effects.

However, the appointment of all products containing chloramphenicol, it is necessary to take into account the fact that in rare cases it is cause aplastic anemia, when the patient's bone marrow can not produce enough red blood cells, platelets, and leukocytes.

Some studies suggest that the use of Chloramphenicol ointment may cause dermatitis, which had previously taken for secondary infection of the wound.

Chloramphenicol, which is active component Chloramphenicol ointment may cause the following side-reactions of the body:

• persistent changes in the cellular composition of the blood;
• suppression of bone marrow;
• on the part of the gastrointestinal tract: nausea, enterocolitis, dysbiosis;
• inflammation of the tongue (glossitis), stomatitis;
• neurotoxic reaction;
• "Gray syndrome" (children up to 1 year): a bluish or gray skin, bloating, lethargy, low body temperature, difficulty breathing.

Overdose

At present, cases of overdose ointment Chloramphenicol not detected.

special instructions

We can not allow penetration of chloramphenicol ointment in the eye. If ointment gets in the eye, they should be rinsed with running water for at least 30 minutes. It is necessary to consult an ophthalmologist or a traumatic point, if there was a decrease of view, there was a sensation of burning or watery eyes.

Before the appointment of Chloramphenicol ointment surgeons should take into account the high index of clinical suspicion of an allergic reaction of the patient to chloramphenicol. This caveat applies to those patients who within 24-72 h after applying the ointment perioperative developed erythema (skin reddening), edema, and they do not respond to the effects of antibiotics.

Delayed-type hypersensitivity plays a major role in formulating a differential diagnosis, even if previously chloramphenicol was used without adverse reactions. If you suspect an infection before the start of systemic therapy by application of ointment Chloramphenicol should be discarded.

Chloramphenicol ointment (instruction manual attached to the package) was the subject of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of a group of scientists from the UK.

They asked the question: "Is a single application of chloramphenicol for the application of reduced risk of wound infection after minor surgery?" The experimental results are published in the British medical journal BMJ January 24, 2009

A group of 972 patients divided into two roughly equal-size sub-group people. In one sub-group (488 people) have used a one-time chloramphenicol on the wound surface after small surgeries, and in subgroup 2 (484) applied to the wound sewn paraffin oil (Placebo).

The results showed that a single application of the ointment with chloramphenicol on wired actually wound It reduces the risk of wound infection, but at the same time, these figures are statistically but not clinically significant.

drug interactions

Chloramphenicol ointment (instructions for use of the drug draws attention to the peculiarities of side effects) is an antibacterial agent with a fairly pronounced effect. However, this ointment interaction with other drugs with adverse effects have been identified.

At the same time should beware applied to the affected areas of the skin, along with other soft therapeutic agents. Chloramphenicol ointment Efficiency increases upon single application systemic antibiotics.

analogs

In many drug analogues.

Iruksol (Iruxol)

The drug in the form of an ointment for cleansing necrotic damaged areas, regardless of their origin and location on the body.

The composition included 1 g of chloramphenicol and 10 mg klostridiopeptidaza 10 units.

Kortomitsetin

Ointment for topical application with a bacteriostatic effect. The active components per 1 g: hydrocortisone acetate 5 mg and 2 mg of chloramphenicol.

Levometil

Therapeutic preparation as an ointment for application to the skin with anti-inflammatory, regenerating and dehydrating function, accelerates the natural processes of granulation and epithelization of the affected tissue. The composition of 100 g of ointment contains: 4 g methyluracil and 0.75 g of chloramphenicol

Levomikon-TPP

Therapeutic ointment for the treatment of abscesses in the case of a mixed infection of the wound in one step process (pyo-necrotic phase). In dermatology, indicated for the treatment of burns and wounds of surgical and traumatic, radiation sickness, and acne. The composition of 100 g of ointment contains: 4 g methyluracil and 0.75 g of chloramphenicol

Chloramphenicol-Acre

A medicament in a cream with an antibacterial action. Chloramphenicol ointment Acre used in ophthalmology for eye diseases of infectious origin, which are caused by bacteria susceptible to chloramphenicol (staphylococci, chlamydia, streptococci and others).

The main active ingredient - chloramphenicol. It is produced in the form of an eye ointment liniment 1% and 5%.

Chloramphenicol-Darnitsa

Means for processing septic wounds and removing necrotic skin particles enzymatically. The active substance (chloramphenicol) contributes to the cessation of protein synthesis in the bacterial cell structures and thereby cause the death of the pathogenic organism.

After application of the ointment on the necrotic tissue softening and gentle cleansing wounds without any mechanical action. Chloramphenicol ointment 1 g-Darnitsya contains 10 mg of chloramphenicol.

levomekol

Combined preparation Levomekol - ointment for the treatment of wound surface of different origin and ulcerative manifestations on skin.

Osmotic activity of the components allows it to penetrate deep into the skin, reduce inflammation and have a healing effect. In 10 g of ointment: methyluracil 400 mg and 75 mg of chloramphenicol.

Chloramphenicol Oz

The therapeutic drug is used in ophthalmology for eye diseases: conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis and other diseases, agents which are sensitive to chloramphenicol. The drug is manufactured as a sterile solution, where 1 ml of solution contains 2.5 mg of chloramphenicol. In addition, the composition has a boric acid, which has an antiseptic effect.

Levosin

Ointment for efficient, gentle cleansing wounds of various origin by purulent exudates and necrotic skin. In 1 g of the preparation contains 10 mg of chloramphenicol and excipients, among which sulfadimethoxine, methyluracil, trimekain.

Auxiliary components contribute to the dehydration of the affected tissue and, consequently, a decrease of perifocal edema. Ointment has a slight analgesic effect.

Metrolavin

Ointment for topical treatment of boils, carbuncles, burns, purulent wounds caused by bacterial microflora. The active substance per 1 g of the product: metronidazole 20 mg lidocaine 40 mg, 10 mg chloramphenicol. It is mainly used in dermatology.

sintomitsina liniment

Ointment for the treatment of diseased tissue by bacteria. The drug has antimicrobial, antibacterial and degratiruyuschim effects. The main active ingredient: sintomitsina (chloramphenicol) at a dose of 10%.

An ointment is produced in the form of a liniment (viscous liquid).

Terms, conditions of sale and storage

Levomitsitin ointment, instructions for use which contains detailed information on the terms and conditions of storage, goes on sale in a cardboard box. A prescription when buying ointment is not required. The drug should be stored in a dark place, out of reach of children at t^o 15^aboutC to 25^aboutFROM. Storage time: less than 2 years.

Price in drugstores of Moscow, St. Petersburg, regions

The price for Chloramphenicol ointment in pharmacies in the capital and regions ranges from 124 rubles. to 138 rubles. packing:

• G. Moscow 124-135 rubles.
• G. St. Petersburg 126 rubles.
• G. Krasnodar 137 rubles.
• G. Vladimir 138 rubles.
• G. Voronezh 137 rubles.
• G. Veliky Novgorod 138 rubles.
• G. Rostov-on-Don 135 rubles.
• G. Tambov 138 rubles.
• G. Yaroslavl 138 rubles.

Chloramphenicol ointment is a combination drug of proven action. This drug is rightly called one of the top aides in surgery and dermatology for efficiency and ease of use.

Instructions for use contains a detailed description of the active substance - chloramphenicol, its properties, the therapeutic dosages of the drug, specific indications, as well as side reactions of the organism. The wide spectrum of action of an antibiotic allows its use for over half a century as an effective antibiotic.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Videos about Chloramphenicol ointment

Top 10 unique properties Chloramphenicol ointment (Levomekol):