Varieties of the female breast, the size, shape, breasts, anatomy, structure, function, changes in pregnancy with age

The female breast is the object of attention, from both women and men. However, not everyone knows that some anatomical structure is evolving and what are the different varieties.

Anatomy and structure of the breast in females

Despite the wide variety of types and forms of breast, all breasts have the same anatomical and physiological structure. At the base of the breast lies subcutaneous fat, which is the main component of the chest, and its number directly affects the volume of the bust. On this cushion is very iron.

The latter is divided into the proportion of 15 to 20 pieces, which are separated from each other by means of connective tissue. Large share divided into smaller segments, and the space between them is filled with body fat. The glandular tissue is constructed of small glands that are located in parts.

Each of these glands consists of the beam tubes, ending in small vesicular extensions, which are called alveoli. Those operate secretory function and are major producers of breast milk for feeding progeny.

Post glands occurs between an outlet duct through which structurally resemble thin tube. Such ducts end in lactiferous sinuses, and open in the nipple area. In addition to the specific structures, in the structure of the breast also has blood vessels and nerve endings that provide the sensitivity.

The structure of the nipple and areola

In considering the structure of the mammary glands separately anatomists distinguish the nipples and the area around them. Area of ​​skin surrounding the nipple is usually darker than the rest of the breast, and it's called an aura.

Teats differ in that they contain a large number of nerve endings and is very sensitive.

This provides innervation involved in reproductive processes: during feeding can increase the amount of milk produced by stimulation of the nipples. Also high sensitivity nipple making them erogenous zone and contributes to the rise of the excitation during intercourse.

Varieties of women's breasts stand out, not only in the form of a bust, but also on the type of nipple.

The last are the following forms:

• normal. Nipples are lifted above the surface of the chest, and when stimulated, they increase in size, harden and sharpened.
• flat. Nipples do not protrude above the surface of the bust and are with him on the same level, and stimulation does not affect the change in their shape and size.
• retracted. Nipples slightly immersed into the breast stimulation causes them to increase in size and to rise above the breast.
• one-sided. In this type nipple, they may be of different shapes and be located at different levels. When this combination of shapes can be different.

functions

The structure of the breast in women is due to the functions that it performs, so that among them there are 3 main ones:

• feeding progeny;
  
• the development of the immune system of the child (protective function);
• hormonal changes the mother.

However, the most important of them is the feeding of children. At the heart of this process is the synthesis of milk, ie lactation. It is activated only after the birth of the child against the background of changes in hormonal status of the woman.

Breastfeeding is very important to have just appeared on the human world, with him in the body does not just nutrients necessary for life, but also antibodies that are involved in the creation and strengthening of the immune system. This is necessary because the child is not yet time to produce its own antibodies, the mother then becomes their only source.

Kinds

Despite the identical structure of the female breasts, their shape and size can be varied. This is due to different reasons. There are two main classifications of the bust: in its size and shape.

in size

Typically, isolated 8 female breast sizes, they are indicated by Arabic numerals 0 to 7. However, not everyone can fit in this range, so it can be expanded in a big way and reach the figures that goes beyond the single digits.

Size, or it is also called a full chest can be expressed not only in the conventional sense, but also in the amount of laundry, know which is necessary in order to avoid the negative effects of wearing lower incorrectly matched laundry.

Which may include:

• the unsightly appearance of the breast;
• violation of blood flow in the breast;
• provocation of malignancies.

in form

Varieties are classified as female breast and its shape, which is beginning to emerge in girls around the age of 11-12 years. Until that time, both boys and girls alike chest has the same structure and is no different.

During puberty, girls begin to grow breasts, the nipples become hard and change their color, the chest takes the form of a hemisphere.

From that moment identify several types of forms of the female breast:

• mastoid. Chest of this type has a slightly elongated shape, which is located at waist level and prone to prolapse.
• hemispherical. This type of structure mean diameter about equal to the height and chest.

  

• pear-shaped. This form is very similar to the mastoid breast while its base is much smaller than the height.
• discoid. Basically, this is not the chest is large and has a wide base and low height.

Also, despite the presence of the classification, which classifies breast types according to the form can be so that the breast is not like any of the names of the types. This is possible due to individual differences in development.

other classifications

In addition to the unbundling of the female breast shape and size in 1976. Wolf has developed a classification of mammographic density. It takes into account the amount of fat and glandular tissue, breast and allocates types of their relationship.

All these types of 4 (with each type corresponds to the type of breast ACR):

• N1. Chest of this type in the basic mass consists of adipose tissue cells. This corresponds ACR1, ie low risk of cancer.
• P1. Chest, related to this type of a quarter consists of adipose tissue and extended ducts or linear densities. This corresponds ACR2 low risk of developing cancer.
• P2. This chest is expanded by a quarter ducts, which are located in the upper quadrant of the breast outside. This corresponds ACR3, means a high risk of cancer.
• DY. This type includes dense breasts that match ACR4, having the greatest risk for developing cancer.

From which the volume and shape depends

Varieties of women's breasts suggest differences not only in size but also on the unique anatomical shape, which causes the external differences. Specialists studying the female breast, identified several factors that affect the appearance of the breast.

These include:

• genetic factor (heredity);
• presence and number of pregnancies;
• physique and body weight;
• age;
• quality of used underwear.

The combination of these 5 factors and determine how it will look like a woman's breast: its shape and volume.

Distances between the breasts and nipples direction

Any individual woman's breast, but because of its physiological structure is not much different, the main a trait that defines her personality, is the distance between the breasts and then, where directed nipples.

There are several variations of the interval between the breasts:

• mammary location close to each other or with a minimum interval;
• removing mammary apart by a distance of less than 3 cm;
• mammary snug fit to each other at their base and the difference at the bottom of the breast, the shape of a triangle formed at such location;
• placing the left and right breasts in such a way that a 4 cm interval between them.

In addition to the distance between the breasts is also important and the direction of the nipple.

Here, too, there may be several options:

• nipples pointing straight forward, in this case, usually the areola does not have great size;
• nipples pointing in different directions (one - to the right, another - to the left);
• nipples pointing downwards (a form of teat is peculiar to women older than 45 years).

Thus, the external structure of the breast is very individual. In addition to differences in size, shape, intervals between the breasts and nipples direction may also vary and completeness, and location on the chest (high or low). All these features form the appearance of the breast.

Calculating size

The final size of the breast in girls formed, basically, to 20 years. By this age set its parameters: cross-section of 10 to 12 cm, breast thickness from 2 to 4 cm and the ratio of fat cells and glandular tissues of 1: 1, in nursing mothers - 2: 1. In order to independently calculate the required size of the breast is usually mild centimeter, which use tailors.

It can help you take your measurements: chest circumference and chest circumference just under the breast. In this case, all measurements must be carried out without underwear and outer clothing, because they are a few centimeters to increase the amount of real breasts. Even if the bra does not contain elements that visually enhance the breasts (foam, stone), it will still distort the measurement.

The measurements should be carried out, observing the following algorithm:

1. Centimeter in a strictly horizontal position attached to the outermost point of the breast (often height at which the teats are located).
2. Connect the ends of centimeters, rounded back. It is important that the measuring tape from the back took place precisely at the same height as the part of the breast.
3. Measuring the volume of the chest is performed in the same manner centimeter attach to the sternum immediately under the breasts where there is usually belt bra.

The measured results will help to calculate the size of the breast. To do this, you need to subtract from the chest circumference of the chest girth. The resulting number by using the table will clarify the size of the breast.

The difference between the coverage of the chest and back, see	The volume of the bra cups	breast size
10 to 12	AA	0
12 to 13	A	1
13 to 15	B	2
15 to 17	C	3
From 18 to 20	D	4
20 to 22	DD	5
From 23 to 25	E	6
From 26 to 28	F	7

To specify the size of the bras use the following marking: number - indicates the size of the breast (1, 2, 3) or an Arabic numeral and a letter (e.g., 75 ° C, where 75 - chest girth, and C - the volume cup).

changes

Women's breasts are subject to change throughout life. They can take place both externally and internally. Especially noticeable metamorphosis of mammary glands during sexual maturation, when just formed breasts. However, with age, it can be changed up until the change of varieties of shapes and volumes.

With age

The increase in the volume of the bust for women becomes noticeably with age. The beginning of the growth accounted for between 8 to 10 years, but this time looks more noticeable breast growth. At this stage, changes occur internal gland structure. For 12 years, in the period of sexual maturation in girls has become visible secondary sex characteristics, including a bust.

Also, appearance changes greatly. In addition to increasing breast size at this age also observed hardening nipples and stain the area around the nipple, areola ie. The process of growth and development of breast cancer is accompanied by severe pain, particularly before the onset of menstruation. Breasts may be swollen, it speaks about internal changes in hormonal levels of the body.

Finally bust stops growing at the age of 20 years. However, from 17 to 20 the growth is slow and almost imperceptible, because the breast is formed almost to 17 years.

In general, one can distinguish several periods of age-related changes that occur with feeding, with their own characteristics:

Age	Changes in the mammary gland
From 5 to 13 years	Formation and development of ducts and lobes.
From 13 to 18 years	The appearance of cyclical changes in the state in connection with the advent of the menstrual cycle.
From 18 to 25 years	Continued breast development. There is a preponderance of glandular tissue of the fat. The ducts have not yet expanded.
From 25 to 40 years old	Breast development. Lactation possible. There is a gradual change in shape.
From 40 to 55 years old	Extinction work gonads, and breast tissue involution.

during pregnancy

During pregnancy and infant feeding in the breast changes occur both inside and outside. During this period there was increased production of progesterone, which contributes to the final formation of the alveoli.

Also by the end of gestation, or from the date of last menstrual period and before delivery quantity produced increases prolactin and accordingly increases its concentration in the body, which contributes to the development of colostrum - glandular secretions containing much protein and low in fat.

Also, changes in the level of hormone activates growth of glandular cells, introducing changes in the anatomical structure of the breast.

Moreover, its size increases, she swells and becomes very sensitive. When mechanical pressure is applied to the nipple may be isolated white liquid similar in consistency of milk. When approaching the moment of birth the number of such discharge increases, so the breast preparing for nursing.

The anatomical structure

The anatomical structure of the mammary glands in women equally and have the general function which enables feeding of offspring. They consist of 20 cone-shaped structures that resemble a bunch of grapes. Inside the alveoli glands are located, which are responsible for the production of breast milk.

Iron is surrounded by fatty tissue, which protects against environmental hazards, as it maintains a temperature comfortable for the production of breast milk. Work glandular tissue is provided fully functioning hormonal system, so the appearance of the breast may change depending on the time the menstruation cycle.

In this case, in women who have not given birth glandular tissue is dominated by fat, so the breasts are more resilient. Shares and breast lobules surrounded by connective tissue fibers that are wrapped around them and act as "support".

Accumulation of breast milk takes place in special capsules, which are formed before the duct openings. They are located at a distance of 1-2 mm from each other, but can often coalesce. The ducts are located on top of the lobes and end at the milky nipple pores.

Perfusion mammary glands by using a wide network of blood vessels: the veins, arteries and capillaries. Here is the few major blood arterial networks. Particularly notable are the blood flows at a woman's breast during breast feeding.

Innervation mammary possible due to the nerve endings, which are located in an intercostal space in the area of ​​the clavicle. In this case, they are directly linked breast and nervous system. Also, a lot of endings located in the region of the nipple and areola, so they are very sensitive.

Apart from nerve endings in the chest also has the lymph nodes, which are located laterally in the breast and armpit. Breastbone, in turn, is made up of muscle fibers, which supports the breast, as well as protect it from mechanical influences.

The main muscles that surround the breasts:

• Front gear;
• biceps shoulder;
• back;

These muscles surround the top and side of the chest. In the inner cavity muscle no cancer.

common forms

Varieties of women's breasts combined into a few basic common forms, which include:

• asymmetrical breasts. Such mammary glands are different from each other in size. In this case, the differences can be both mild and barely noticeable, and very large. In some cases, one breast larger than the other 2 times.
• round. This chest resembles a balloon and can reach sizes. Normally the mammary glands are located close to each other and are identical.
  
• cone-shaped or triangular. Bust of such a form is not seated close, because the upper part of the chest is already much lower. Teats are usually different directions, and the size may be different.
• teardrop. This chest shaped like a triangle. Upper chest lower than the bottom, and the nipples are directed in different directions. But it is different in that the lower part of the breast is expanded more smoothly and has a slightly oval shape, in contrast to the angular triangular.
• widely planted. The interval between the breasts such a shape is greater than 4 cm. Teats are of different shapes and areas, and the size is typically less than 2.
• petite. A breast size 0 or 1. Form tightened because it contains little fat tissue.
• severe. severe chest size exceeds 4. Its shape may be different: circular, teardrop or triangular. Nipples also differ in shape and direction.

There are many classifications female breast in form, size and other characteristics which combine a large number of species of the mammary glands. In addition, there are also busts, which have quite a unique structure and different from the others on a number of grounds.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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