Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. Symptoms and treatment, diet, folk remedies to get rid of pain in adults, clinical guidelines

Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon - is a violation occurring in the gastrointestinal tract, which arose from the process seal intestine. Symptoms of the disease are varied and manifest themselves with age, and treatment of the disease varies depending on the type, stage and the causes of the pathology.

What is the disease

Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon is more advanced stages of diverticulitis or diverticular disease. Most often the disease occurs due to chronic constipation and problems with the gastrointestinal tract.

Diverticula themselves are education on the colon walls, and have the form of a bag filled with pus. Treatment and symptoms depend on the stage at which there is a person.

Types of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon

There are several types of diseases. They are classified according to the stages and the stage, in turn, also can be distributed in some categories.

Types of diverticular disease, depending on the clinical picture can be divided as follows:

1. asymptomatic diverticulitisWhich is characterized by the absence of any clinical manifestations. In most cases this characteristic step diverticulosis and bags in the colon exhibit a total diagnosis organism or suspected disease of the gastrointestinal tract.
2. acute diverticulitis manifested by uncontrolled contractions of the colon walls, as well as problems with the digestive process and in violation of the intestinal environment.
3. complicated form disease characterized by uncontrolled pain, a dangerous health condition and needs-delayed medical intervention.

Forms of the disease also depend on the species of diverticula. They can be either congenital or acquired. Congenital characterized mutations and changes that occur either to the mother or to the fetus, resulting in fetal development.

Acquired same - a neoplasm, which are formed or are formed throughout the entire human life or for a certain period. There are true and false diverticula.

They are distinguished by mucosal involvement in the formation:

• generate real disease that occurred due to the protrusion of two or more membranes;
• It characterized by a protrusion false mucosa.

Diverticula may also be resolved by the development of the disease. They can be rational, that is, entities that were formed due to the influence of the environment, and the traction - is a neoplasm, which influenced the formation of a permanent or intermittent stretching food walls.

Acquired disease - the most common form of the disease, which affects people aged 40 and above. According to recent reports about a quarter of the population suffers from diverticulosis of the colon.

Stage and grade of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon

Diverticular disease complicated form can flow in four stages. They are characterized by a gradual increase in pain, the greater area of ​​spread of the lesion.

Four stages of the disease:

1. Organismic accumulation in the tissues about the intestinal cell elements mixed with blood and lymph - is the first stage of the disease. At this stage the person becomes inflamed abdomen.
   
2. Intestinal fistula. It can be of two types: internal and external. Its origin is connected with purulent formations, which, in turn, appear due to poor removal of an abscess in the epithelium of the peritoneum or adjacent organs.
3. When the through violation of the integrity of the internal organ wall is enhanced interaction between this part of the body. When the perforation into the abdominal cavity there is an inflammation of the peritoneum leaves.
4. Intestinal bleeding accompanied by the appearance of solid feces in the bowel, which damages the mucosa and small vessels. As a result, loss occurs in the allocation of large amounts of liquid.

In the early stages detect diverticulitis complicated. It is much easier to do that with the appearance of ulcers and loss of blood. In such cases, you must immediately seek medical help.

Symptoms of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon

Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon, symptoms and treatment are determined on an individual basis, it is peculiar to the people of 40 and above. Symptoms do not manifest group, and their presence is dependent on the type and stage of disease spread and treatment depends on the symptoms. Non-inflamed pus formation may not occur for a long time.

The appearance of diverticula in the sigmoid colon is detected during the prevention of other diseases as well as inflammations and complications appeared. When diverticulitis in man can be observed recurrent pain after separation of gases and body fluids feces process.

Diverticular bowel disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

• in complicated stages of the disease is present in the stool blood - diverticula exposed to fecal masses, and they are damaged;
• recurrent pain in a certain area of ​​the abdominal cavity indicate that inflamed purulent bags. Most often, the pain is multiplied with the fingers examination or while walking.
• periodic constipation, nausea, and a general increase in body temperature;
  
• bloating, characterized asymmetric uplifts abdominal cavity;
• a sharp discharge of body weight;
• anemia;
• dizziness and recurrent headaches;

Some of the symptoms can result from other diseases, so the manifestations of disease detection group necessary to apply to the doctor for diagnosis common organism.

Causes of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon

The main reason for diverticulitis - a mature age. Immunity begins to weaken with each passing year, so intestine becomes more susceptible to defeat diseases.

In addition, there are other causes of diverticulitis:

1. genetic predisposition. If the parents in old age manifested disease, the probability of occurrence in humans is increased by half.
2. meal plan. Eating more meat-eating leads to diverticulum. Consumption of only plant foods can relieve a person from a particular disease, but add an additional problem, since in animal products high in protein, calcium.
3. Lack of dietary fiber in the diet. No matter what the consumption of meat in the day, in the diet should be about 30 grams of dietary fiber.
4. The presence of parasites in the gut. Worms promote active development diverticulum, since destroying flora of the body, making the mucosa more vulnerable to infection.

In rare cases, diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon is manifested due to improper functioning of the intestines or the unit fails its motility.

Diagnosis of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon

Diverticulosis sigmoid colon - is uncomplicated disease, which diagnosis involves the study of the body and the necessary authority through the use of tools.

fecal and blood samples - a standard procedure in the study of the body and obtain an overall diagnosis.

For suspected diverticulitis colonoscopy is appointed. The principle of the procedure is the introduction of the endoscope into the large intestine and inspection of its walls through the monitor.

Colonoscopy is carried out in specially equipped classrooms, so this procedure is available in major medical and diagnostic centers. The average price for Russia - 4000 rubles for the service. In large reputable centers procedure costs can reach up to 30,000 rubles.

Procedures that allow us to determine the dimensions of a diverticulum, their features:

1. Pronounced failures in bowel habits to determine esophageal motility study. The procedure identifies the frequency with which shortened esophagus. Calibration is done on an empty stomach and after some training. The average price for Russia - 3000 rubles.
2. irrigoscopy It involves the introduction of a particular chemical mixture, which is manifested by the X-rays. Using this procedure, define narrow passages colon diverticulum and having therein. Barium examination can be done in almost every hospital of the city, where there are X-ray machine, and the average price of the service - about 2000 rubles.
3. laparoscopy used as additional inspection, by which to immediately remove a small accumulation of purulent sacs. The principle of the procedure is to create small incisions of the abdominal cavity, in which tools are introduced. Laparoscopy is performed only by experienced surgeons. The average cost of the procedure - about 5500 rubles.

In addition to surgical interventions and tools previously conducted palpation - inspection the abdomen with your fingers, as well as gather information about the patient's state of health of the person and his closest environment.

When to see a doctor

Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon, symptoms and treatments which may be quite different, so the the first signs of the disease need to seek medical care, can be a symptom of other problems intestine.

In the early stages of the disease may not manifest itself, so people over 40 is recommended to carry out a colonoscopy 1 time in 5 years for prevention. This category of people is at risk.

Immediate treatment is necessary in the allocation of blood with stool. This means that diverticula are damaged or fester.

Upon detection of parasites in the gut also need to be checked for the presence of purulent bags, since these processes are related. If it was determined that diverticula are rare and can be removed by laparoscopy, it is recommended to periodically check on their return in the future.

Prevention of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon

Warn of possible occurrence diverticulum by administering a diet food that is rich in fiber, gluten. Meat products are important for health, so they can be combined with a variety of cereals. The most essential porridge - oatmeal, there are many nutritional fibers.

People who have a predisposition to the disease, who suffered infections of the gastrointestinal tract, and other symptoms of diverticulitis, it is recommended to carry out clinical diagnostics to detect pus bags and problems with mucous shell sigmoid colon.

Methods of treatment of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon

Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon, symptoms and treatments which are directly dependent on the stage, type and causes of purulent bags, can be detected by palpation. The appearance of the disease is associated with a person's age, it depends on it and the method of treatment.

If uncomplicated diverticulosis, it is possible to get rid of ulcers by diet and constipation, if diverticula bleed, you need surgery.

What is prescribed for mild form of the disease:

• bactericidal broad-spectrum drugs;
• drugs for the treatment of pain, which are caused by the involuntary contraction (spasm);
• Medicaments for removal or reduction of pain;
• probiotics;
  
• enzymes.

In some cases, there may be added substances that help to restore the intestinal environment.

Medications

Table of drugs that can be prescribed by a doctor. Before using the product you should consult with a specialist.

drug class	Title	Description	Course	Dosage	Price
Antibiotic	cefotaxime	60% of the drug is excreted through 6 hours after cessation of intake. Resistant to many microbes. Sold in powder form to create a solution, and administration via injection. It has a number of side effects (dizziness, vomiting, nausea, rash).	Determined by a physician;	1-2 grams substance adults every 4-12 hours;	21-45 rubles.
probiotic	Linex Forte	The drug suitable for children, people suffering from allergies, helps with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. It is recommended to take the drug after a meal, do not drink it with hot liquids and alcohol.	The average rate - two weeks	1-2 capsules 2-3 times a day.	282-82 rbl.
Spasm-litiki	Papaverine	It is produced in the form of solution for injection. It is forbidden to enter quickly as disturbed heart rhythm. It is necessary to leave a gap between each dose in 4 h.	Appointed doctor	Inside of 40-60 g 5 times / per day, rectally 20-30 g 2-3 times per day.	15-85 rubles.
Anesthetize-ivayuschee	Nospanum	It has an effect on smooth muscle. You can replace the expensive analogue - Drotaverinum.	Of necessity	1-2 tablets three times a day.	52 - 481 rubles.
Drugs for constipation	Mukolfak	It sold in granules, which is obtained from a suspension for oral administration.	In chronic constipation to 4 weeks as needed to 2 days;	2-6 times per day.	From 482 rubles.
Antigis-Tamino	suprastin	Classic protivoal-lergichesky drug, manufactured in the form of tablets for oral use;	5-7 days.	Up to 3 times a day.	From 180 rubles.
prokinetics	motilium	It is produced in the form of tablets and syrups. Standard product for gravity and eliminate digestive problems.	Not more than a week.	1-2 times during the day.	374 - 659 rubles.

Physicians prescribe drugs based on the symptoms and causes of the disease, so the need to use all kinds of drugs there.

Traditional methods

In addition to observing a strict diet and a high intake of foods rich in fiber, it is recommended to try traditional methods:

1. Mint tea. The unlimited quantity in an ordinary green tea add two mint leaf.
   
2. Powder and carrot seeds. Wash thoroughly with carrot seeds, grind them. Need to use powder to 2 tablespoons, filtered drinking water.
3. dieting. It is necessary to abandon the store bakery products, semi-finished products and sausages, as well as an abundance of spices, strawberries and raspberries - banned. Also fall into this category, such as a cereal semolina and white rice, alcohol and spirits, soft drinks. The priority of the cooked food, steamed vegetables. Recommend to adhere to split meals (meals 5-6 times a day in small portions). Thanks to this method, the stomach is not overloaded, and the feeling of hunger is absent.

Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon, symptoms and treatment is determined not only by traditional methods - and requires surgical intervention, drug prevention. Traditional medicine - an auxiliary, secondary method of improving health.

Other methods

Other methods of treatment are applied only in case of complications or neglected diseases. These include gastric lavage, enema intestinal cleansing and the use of fresh frozen plasma.

In addition, surgery is used, but only in cases where the patient started bleeding or severe pain.

possible complications

Delays in treatment or neglect of preventive measures at the advanced stages of the risk that the ulcer is pulled out from the area of ​​the sigmoid colon and develops into the abdominal cavity.

If in this case the treatment is ignored, a gradual merging of adjacent bodies with the intestine. The result is abdominal tumor, called internal bleeding, pus may spread to the inner epithelium.

Diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon - a serious illness, neglect of which is fraught with the spread of disease throughout the body. Exhibit symptoms of disease late, but timely treatment can solve the problem for good.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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