How to donate blood sugar properly with the load of an adult finger vein Cholesterol

Before donating blood sugar should be properly trained to perform the analysis in order to obtain the most reliable data on the concentration of glucose in the tissues of the body. Diagnosis is carried out in private and public biochemical laboratories. Rent on an empty stomach in the morning time.

What is sugar, and its function in the body

Sugar - a domestic name of the chemical compound "sucrose". It is a product of the food industry which is obtained by processing individual varieties beet, cane, sorghum, juices trees. Sugar belongs to the fast group of carbohydrates. Once in the gastrointestinal tract, it is split into its constituent substances - fructose and glucose.

The latter is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, providing the body with vital energy reserve. Nutritional value of sugar - 387 kcal per 100 grams. Sugar which had been digested human digestive system into glucose state provides at least 60% of the total energy expenditure during active movement, mental labor, psycho-emotional loads.

The optimum level of healthy human blood sugar is 80 to 120 mg per 100 ml. Besides that glucose provides the body the necessary amount of energy it takes part in the protection of the liver from the pathogenic effects of toxic substances.

This effect is achieved due to the fact that the sugar synthesized paired glucuronic acid. They accumulate in the liver, while maintaining normal operation body and retain its filtration function.

The following types of sugar:

• beet - the most common form of this product, which is produced from sugar beet varieties;
• reed - a kind of sucrose is extracted from sugar cane plant, native to India;
• maple - produced in the eastern regions of Canada from maple sap, which is collected from February to mid-May, and then evaporated to form a sweet crystals;
• brown - a kind of sugar cane, but not refined;
• yagre - sugar is extracted from the juice of young trees growing in the Maldives, as well as in most of the countries of South Asia.

Sugar - a product that is present in almost all foods, daily intake for human food. Its consumption is vital for normal functioning of the heart, brain, nervous system, liver, maintaining energy metabolism in the body.

The only exceptions are cases when the use of glucose is contraindicated for medical reasons. For example, people suffering from diabetes.

How and under what conditions manifested sugar in the body

Healthy people almost do not feel the manifestation of glucose in cells and tissues. This is a normal physiological process, when the sugar in the bloodstream is maintained in the optimal range, it is no drop or excess concentration. The role of the regulator of glucose in the blood carries a hormone of the pancreas (synthesized only part of the body) - is insulin.

Upon receipt of sugars in the gastrointestinal tract it distributes the resulting glucose between liver tissue and muscle fibers. Under the action of insulin sugar converted to glycogen substance which provides the protective function of the liver, and also saturates the muscles sufficient energy.

Manifestation of sugar in the human body is expressed as follows:

• a high level of thinking process;
• there is a surge of vitality;
• It noted a sufficient level of activity of the musculoskeletal system;
• there is vigor, good humor.

People suffering from diabetes who are experiencing an acute shortage of insulin in the composition of the bloodstream, there is a sudden increase in glucose parameters.

In this case, the sugar in the body manifests itself as follows:

• It feels very thirsty, quench which can not be even after frequent and copious drinking;
• It becomes more frequent urination;
• It decreases the level of physical and mental activity;
• there are signs of confusion;
• impaired thought process, people can not find their way to the familiar terrain;
• possible fainting.

Until the late 18th century. it was believed that eating large amounts of sugar is beneficial to health, improves the efficiency of the internal organs and adds vitality.

Now scientists think the opposite, pointing to the fact that excessive sugar consumption leads to obesity, high cholesterol, premature wear cells pancreas.

Table index of blood sugar in the normal

Donating blood sugar must be correct, as this depends on the results of the general survey and setting of further diagnosis. The table below shows the optimal level of blood glucose, which is the norm for men and women of different age categories.

age qualification	The concentration of sugar in the bloodstream
Under 14 years	From 3.33 to 5.55 mmol
From 14 to 60 years old	From 3.89 to 5.83 mmol
From 60 to 70 years	From 4.44 to 6.38 mmol
Over 70 years	From 4.61 to 6.10 mmol

The excess of these indicators is the primary symptom of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, or else dysfunction of individual sections of the pancreas, which are responsible for the synthesis of the required volume insulin.

Without timely correction of lifestyle, reducing excess body weight, normalization of power, refusal of bad habits, does not exclude the occurrence of diabetes. The disease preclude further use of the sweet product.

Reasons for the increase in blood sugar

Healthy pancreas supports glucose level within the normal range, releasing more insulin, When a person uses a lot of sweet or carbohydrate food or reduces the synthesis of the hormone in a lean power. Despite the possible sharp rise in blood sugar.

Reasons for such a reaction body may be connected to the negative influence of the following factors:

• improper diet, eating fatty, fried, smoked, meat food, which is hard to digest the gastrointestinal tract, and also disrupts the pancreas;
• bad habits as excessive drinking, smoking, taking drugs;
• hepatic failure, and other diseases of the body, associated with destruction of its tissue (cirrhosis, hepatitis);
  
• diabetes;
• stress, psycho-emotional overstrain, ever-present anxiety;
• overweight;
• hormonal imbalance caused by intake of anabolic steroids, drugs, synthetic hormones, endocrine system diseases;
• low levels of physical activity, when a person leads a sedentary and inactive lifestyle, but it uses a lot of sweet, starchy foods, fatty, fried foods.

The above reasons for the growth of sugar in the composition of the bloodstream can be divided into abnormal, causing concomitant diseases of internal organs, as well as common factors.

Indications for the study of index of blood sugar

How to donate blood sugar properly, knows endocrinologist. It is a specialist of this profile is engaged in the examination of patients with symptoms of lack or excess of glucose in the blood.

The doctor may prescribe the direction of delivery of the analysis on the level of blood sugar in the presence of the following complaints by the patient:

• Having a sense of constant fatigue, decline of physical strength;
• tremors in the body and excessive sweating that occur immediately after eating the food, or to its reception;
• a strong sense of hunger that persists even after the meal;
• abnormal thirst, constant dry mouth;
• loss of field of view, or the rapid decline of its quality;
• frequent urination, which intensified during the night;
• loss of appetite, nausea;
  
• overweight;
• Blood pressure jumps upward;
• continuing inflammatory diseases of the skin, for a long time healing wounds, they fester;
• hypersomnia;
• rapid breathing and heartbeat, the occurrence of which appears at the time when the person is at rest.

The presence of these symptoms is a direct indication for delivery of analyzes on blood sugar levels. In this pathology is as increased glucose concentration and lowering its level.

How to determine the rate of blood sugar

How to donate blood sugar properly, experts know the biochemical laboratory performing sampling of biological material, as well as its further investigation.

Determination of the concentration of glucose can be carried out using the following types of diagnostics:

• blood fructosamine - a special kind of blood test, which is carried out under a separate scheme, to determine the level of sugar, which is in the patient 1-3 weeks ago (this method makes it possible to monitor the effectiveness of treatment of all forms of hyperglycemia);
• glucose tolerance test - patient gives blood on an empty stomach, and then drink a glass of warm water, which was pre-dissolved glucose, and then the repeated blood sampling (allows to detect latent disturbances in the exchange process carbohydrate);
• Blood test diagnostics C-peptide - a kind of diagnostic testing for sugar, which allows physicians to calculate the total number of cells synthesizing insulin (the survey determined mellitus 1 or 2 type);
• the level lakatata - collected blood is studied not only on glucose concentration, but also on the concentration of lactic acid, an increased level of which indicates the beginning laktsitoze and diabetes;
• glucose tolerance test for pregnant women - blood sampling is carried out on an empty stomach with 07-00 hours to 10-00 hours in the morning to early detection of elevated levels of sugar in the blood and prevent the rapid growth of the fetus;
• Sugar Analysis - this is a common type of blood biochemistry, which is shown in the presence of complaints decreased or an increased rate of glucose, or else carried out as prophylaxis of endocrine diseases.

In most cases of the standard analysis for sugar, to detect excess levels of glucose in the blood, or the shortage of sugar in the body of the patient. The rest of the diagnostic methods are required in complicated cases where there are signs of hidden abuses in the process of carbohydrate metabolism, as well as early forms of diabetes.

Preparation and analysis of index of blood sugar

How to donate blood sugar properly, you need to know every patient who has received a direction on the fence of the biological material and determining the concentration of glucose in the blood.

The process of preparing a diagnostic procedure is as follows:

• collecting blood for the determination of glucose is carried out in the morning of day on an empty stomach (best option would be a period of time from 07-00 to 10-00 hours);
• for 8 h before sampling of biological material is prohibited to use, any food (allowed to drink only plain or mineral water without gas);
• 48 hours before the analysis is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol, and in case of violation of this restriction, possible short-term high blood sugar levels, which ultimately leads to a false results;
• 2 hours prior to blood donation should avoid smoking;
• 24 hours before the visit to the biochemical laboratory should refrain from strenuous exercise, sports, weight lifting;
• no blood tests after undergoing diagnostic procedures such as chest X-ray, X-ray (possible distortion of results);
• one day before the delivery of biological material should protect themselves from the stress, conflicts, psycho-emotional strain.

Patients who are in parallel to take any medications should notify your doctor so as active components of medicaments may cause side properties in a decrease or increase in glucose blood. After the completion of the process is necessary in the morning, do not eat breakfast, go to blood donation in the biochemical laboratory.

The process of selecting biological material is as follows:

• the patient undergoes manipulation in the office and sits down on a chair;
• medical worker performs antiseptic treatment beams ring finger (using ethanol and a piece of sterile cotton wool);
• using a scarifier carried beams finger puncture, after which the technician collects the blood capillary (in most cases enough for the study of biological material 1-3 ml);
• wound site in the area of ​​the puncture closed with sterile cotton wool, which is tightly pressed against the finger beam to stop the bleeding.

Biological material collected is transferred to the biochemical laboratory for further investigation and determining the level of glucose. Analysis time is from 1 to 2 hours, depending on its type, but also assigned to a laboratory tasks. Also for the investigation venous blood that is collected from the cubital vein of the cavity it can be used.

Decoding results indicator of blood sugar analysis

How to donate blood sugar properly, must know every person passing diagnostic testing on blood glucose values. Furthermore, it should have a basic knowledge of the rules of laboratory studies of this type.

The information in the analysis results as follows:

• the rate of capillary blood parametersCollected from a finger beams - from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol level (identical for men and women);
• the rate of glucose Venous blood - from 3.7 to 6.1 mmol (in excess of these limits indicative of the imminent start of diabetes and reduction of pancreatic hormone produce insulin fabrics);
• crystal rateSahara in the bloodstream of the child under the age of 1 year - from 2.8 to 4.4 mM;
• indicators of glucose standards in the blood of children aged up to 5 years - from 3.3 to 5 mmol;
• fructosamine ratevenous blood - from 205 to 285 micromoles for adults, male and female, as well as from 195 to 271 micromoles for children up to 14 years, and for a child older than a specified age apply the same standards as for the adult category of patients (high concentration of the substance fructosamine indicates not only the the potential presence of diabetes, but also testifies to the thyroid disease, a low concentration of the substance - a sign nephrotic syndrome);
• glyukotolerantny test - after 1 h after the conclusion of a research laboratory blood sugar and perform physical activity should be no more than 1.7 ratio units, and after 2 h and it is reduced to 1.3 units (the presence of high values ​​of the first and second indicators indicate that the patient has diabetes diabetes);
• glyukotolerantny testwith the calculation of C-peptide - rate of 0.5 to 3 ng / ml to the load carried and from 2.5 to 15 ng per mL after its execution.

Decoding results of the analysis of sugar involved physician. With the above information, each person can independently explore the lab report and make a conclusion about the state of his health.

If any indicator of blood sugar, seek medical advice

Results bloodstream diagnostic testing for sugar, which indicated that the concentration of glucose in the patient's body is 5,8-6,1 mmol, and more - this is the basis for the appeal to doctor-endocrinologist.

Will have to undergo a more detailed examination of the body, re-pass the blood from a finger and veins. Also, the doctor will prescribe to the change urine sugar level, and ultrasound diagnosis of pancreatic and liver tissues.

As lead indicator of blood sugar back to normal

To reduce elevated blood glucose indicator, which increase is associated with the presence of diabetes, use of insulin injections. The dosage is adjusted individually endocrinologist, depending on the results of the analysis and the concentration of glucose.

The injection is performed subcutaneously in the lower limbs or abdomen area for 20-30 minutes. before meals.

If high blood sugar is not due to pancreatic pathology and health problem occurred because of poor lifestyle, then give glucose values ​​in normal limits, you can use some of the techniques.

They are as follows:

• start to play sports, lead an active lifestyle (perform daily jog, ride a bike, swim, crouch);
• eat more apples, tomatoes, greens, pears, citrus fruits;
• completely abandon alcoholic beverages, tobacco, aerated water;
• do not use sugar, candies, pastries and other sweets;
• refuse from fried and fatty foods too, and all the food steamed, or the cooking method;
• daily dishes add ½ hours. l. cinnamon powder, which improves the metabolic processes in the body and thereby reducing sugar;
• eat mackerel, capelin, saury, horse mackerel, sardine;
• saturate the diet of buckwheat, oat, barley, rice, wheat porridge, lean meat chicken, calf, rabbit.

All the sweet fruit under a categorical prohibition. It is recommended to limit the use of green apples winter varieties. They saturate body with the necessary amounts of vitamins and minerals, but contain minimal sugar concentration.

possible complications

The absence of adequate therapy aimed at lowering elevated blood glucose levels over time can lead to complications.

They are as follows:

• appearance hyperglycemic coma;
• destruction of the blood vessels of the lower limbs;
• occurrence of diabetic foot and gangrene;
• amputation of the affected lower limb;
• decreased visual acuity;
• filtration deterioration of renal function;
• the development of diabetes.

If the patient does not know how to donate blood sugar to determine its concentration, and does not undertake further measures to combat hyperglycemia, then eventually it completed the acquisition of disability or death.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is dangerous for its complications. To avoid serious consequences, to donate blood from the finger early enough to be interested in the results of analyzes and to adjust their way of life.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video on how to donate blood for sugar

How to donate blood sugar, proper preparation: