Humidity comfortable for a person in a room, apartment. Norm relative, absolute, what is measured, devices, how to identify and improve

Problems with the climate can have a serious impact on human health and comfort, so it is necessary to provide such houses air configuration and in the workplace, are considered acceptable. It is important to know what humidity is considered normal, the harm is too dry or too moist air, than it is possible to measure and how to create an enabling environment for human beings.

humidity norm

For each type of room has a private norm. The following is covered in detail, what the humidity is considered acceptable in terms of visitors, children's room and in the workplace.

Normal humidity GOST

Humidity, comfortable for a person in terms of state standards and sanitary and epidemiological rules - is from 30 to 45%.

Distinguish 4 type humidity:

dry air	acceptable humidity	excess moisture	Wet air
Less than 30%	30-45%	45-60%	Over 60%

GOST 30494-2011 formulates that in the living room humidity level should not exceed 60%. Also, humidity is calculated from the purpose rooms. In the offices and libraries, it should be no higher than 40%, as high humidity adversely affects the paper.

These figures are in line with the definition of relative humidity, which is measured as a percentage. The value represents the percentage humidity ratio of water vapor with respect to a specific temperature.

There is a concept of absolute humidity, that displays the amount of moisture contained in one cubic meter of air. The value does not account for the particular temperature and calculated as follows. Calculated for gram per cubic meter - g / m³.

Humidity in the nursery

Infants have an accelerated metabolism, which leads to optimum temperature - fast metabolism It leads to the fact that the infant becomes hot quickly, so the total air temperature must not exceed 20 degrees.

relative humidity mode should be maintained in the range of from 30 to 70%. These figures are considered optimal in terms of medicine. The deviation in either direction can cause many problems, particularly with immunity: excessively dry air reduces its drying due to mucous organism.

It is important to maintain a balance between the temperature and the humidity, because the index of 20 degrees Celsius above in combination with a relative humidity greater than 60% may cause more damage than dry: this facilitates the rapid growth and reproduction of bacteria and infections.

Normal humidity workplace

Humidity, comfortable for a person in the workplace depends on the working conditions. For standard office space, it also, as well as residential apartments, ranging from 30 to 60% relative humidity.

The problem of raising this figure in the office, as a rule, does not arise, but it often falls below 30%, which is usually corrected by optimizing devices for microclimate.

Humidity in the workplace must be balanced not only because of its influence on the health of employees, but also because many office equipment and materials are also sensitive indicators. Therefore, the optimal mode also depends on the configuration of the workplace, the equipment and materials that may require individual configurations.

Seasonal performance standards

Humidity, comfortable for a person - not a static figure. It can vary depending on external factors. In particular, the Standard provides for different modes of moisture at any particular time of the year. In the warm - is from 30 to 60/65%, in winter the upper limit is reduced to 45%.

What affects the microclimate

Humidity - is the amount, depending on the following factors:

• Ventilation - better organized ventilation of the room, the better it supports normal humidity levels. Aeration stabilizes to natural levels, as facilitates removal of excess moisture from the room and purify the air.
• heating means - batteries, radiators, heating stationary tools - the warmer the air, the land it.
• Means to optimize the microclimate - air conditioners, humidifiers, climate control and other devices that can humidify air. Especially it concerns air sinks, which are equipped with devices for multi-stage air purification. Conditioners, conversely, the air dried by the fact that the excess moisture condenses.
• All business procedures related to water - cleaning, cooking, washing - help moisturize the air.
• The time of year and the outside temperature - the warmer the air, the land it. Therefore, moisture specification at a party has an error for the warm and cold seasons.
• Layout of the apartment, sealants (Plastic windows, insulation and so on) - affect the humidity. The more airtight room, the worse it ventilation, respectively, the drier the air there.

Comfort can be arranged for a man humidity in the apartment, knowing the factors affecting the level of dryness of the air.

Dry or humid air: negative effect

And too dry and too wet air are harmful to health.

The negative impact of moist air:

• At high temperature and high humidity human body overheats.
• Provokes sweating, which dehydrates the human body quickly. Dehydration causes the development of many pathologies, including cardiovascular.
• Provokes migraine and fatigue, and other symptoms of central nervous system dysfunction.
• Negative impact on the heart rate and breathing rate, as a result of overheating of the body.
• High humidity in combination with low temperatures promotes supercooling.
• It promotes rapid growth and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria.
• Negative impact on the state of the furniture, as well as many other things - musical instruments and all that is made of wood.
• Deformation and contributes to rapid deterioration of paper and similar materials.
• It contributes to the emergence of diseases and parasites in domestic plants, especially those that do not have a tropical origin.

The negative impact of dry air:

• Dry nasal mucous membranesThat provokes the development of pathogenic bacteria and weakening of the protective function of the mucous membrane itself, leading to respiratory and other bacterial diseases. Epistaxis possible as a consequence.
• Dry air is dangerous for people with allergies, because it contributes to a raising of the allergenic particles (dust, pet hairs) in air and precipitating acute attacks.
• A negative effect on the skin. Its drying leads to a weakening of the protective functions, the appearance of the itch, dermatological diseases.
• The weakening of the protective functions It affects the mucous membrane of the eye, that provokes the risk of disease, but also reduces the overall resistance of the membrane irritants of the environment.
• It reduces the overall human immunity. This makes it more susceptible to bacterial and infectious diseases.
• It has a negative effect on the central nervous systemThat provokes a lot of symptoms: insomnia, irritability, malaise. This is especially true for children, so the standard of humidity for them on average higher than for adults.

It is important to strike a balance between dryness and humidity in the living room.

How to check the apartment humidity

In order to adjust this figure, it is necessary to know first. This can be done with special technical means. there are a number of simple folk methods.

Apparatus for measuring the moisture level

The most accurate way of measuring humidity - is the use of special technical means.

There are 2 types of devices:

1. Hygrometers. Are divided into types depending on the operating principle:

• Hair. The design is human hair, which hung a small weight that produces the movement of the arrow attached to the clip. The arrow indicates the same on the marked scale division (division correspond percent moisture). Hair tends to lengthen or shorten depending on the air dryness. It affects the movement of the pointer over the roller. The device must either put on a flat surface or hang it on the wall. It does not have to suffer from the effects of other mechanical devices. Hair hygrometer has a large error in measurement, and the result appears only after some time.
• Film.It works about the same principle as the hair, with the difference that the change in hand position is provided by the tension of the film, not the hair. The rules for its use are also consistent with the hair.

2. Psychrometer. Also a hygrometer, but more precise and difficult to use. The mechanism of its work is built on two sensors: one dry, the second moistened. Humidity is calculated as the difference between the temperature of the first and the second formula. When wetted with the moisture evaporates, it shows the temperature below room and that this figure is compared with the readings of the "dry".

At the moment, there is a huge variety of technical means to measure the humidity. Many of them are more accurate than those listed above. last advantage is their low cost.

The hair and the film unit is recommended to use in the cold season, as due to the nature of the work, they are the most effective option in such circumstances.

Folk remedies

There are folk remedies humidity measurement. Several of them:

• It needs a simple cup of water. The water temperature should not exceed 5 degrees. Filled with glass is necessary to put in the room, away from the battery or other heating means. In 10 minutes. it should be checked: the appearance of condensation indicates moisture, fogging - on low. If neither one nor the other does not, in this case the indicator is normal. The method is suitable for most general analysis of home microclimate.
• You need a regular thermometer and a cotton pad. First, the room temperature is measured. Then, a cotton pad or other absorbent material is wetted and wound onto the thermometer. The difference between the readings of ambient temperature and temperature of the moisture and humidity will be relevant parameter. To verify performance of the existing table Assman.
• We need to find a lump eat and leave it in the room. After a while it scales or unfold, indicating that low humidity, or will impact, suggesting increased.

There are signs by which one can determine the low humidity without the use of special tools. It is fast drying wet towels and rapid evaporation of water from the dishes away from heaters.

For a more accurate measurement should refer to the special technical means.

How to normalize the level of humidity in the room

After the measurements are made, it is necessary to normalize the index. The following briefly describes how to do this, if the humidity is increased and if it is reduced.

If the humidity level is lowered

There are several ways:

• The use of special technical devices. This moisturizers and climate control. Some of them are able to regulate the temperature level and clean the air. Humidifiers work mainly on the evaporation of water, so it is important to ensure that there was poured quality, purified liquid, because ordinary water from the tap is rich in metals, salts and bacteria, which are released into the air along with ferry. Humidifiers configuration differ depending on the model - a modern not only provide rapid and effective moisturizing, but also have a high degree of autonomy, low noise and compactness.
• Use of air cleaning. It is unique among the technical means for humidifying the air, since the specificity of its operation keeps the natural moisture level, without release to the air excess moisture. Washing cleans and moistens the air by recirculation. This also provides a high degree of uniformity of humidification.
• To have indoor plants or any other plant. Without exception, all plants in varying degrees contribute to the humidified air. This will ensure an acceptable level of the indicator without the high cost and long period of time. Plants need moisture and water, which as a side effect and will improve the overall level of humidity in the room.
• Humidity, comfortable for the person provided any procedures using waterThey naturally increase the level of humidity. You can set a home aquarium or any other large container with water or filled with water decorative vases, that in addition to decorate the interior. Water in all tanks must be changed in good time.
• You can turn on the water in the bath or in the sink for a while.
• Express method - hang on a radiator wet cloth or towel. The principle of operation is the same as that of the evaporator. The effect does not last long, but it does not require a cash outlay and effort. This method is recommended if you are using fixed heaters - it will greatly reduce their "drying" side effect.
• To provide the desired level of humidity will help regular airing, especially in rainy weather.

It is important to avoid too much air humidification. This will help to avoid specialized devices designed to monitor the moisture level in the room.

If the humidity is increased

To make the air drier, you can resort to the following methods:

• Use the climate control and other devices to optimize the microclimate. Climate control air conditioning and is capable of including and dehumidify the air, if you set it the correct configuration. Air conditioning and no configuration dries the air, which is due to condensation.
• By analogy with wetting agents, there are special dehumidifiers. In total there are 3 types of dehumidifiers: condensation, adsorption, which work by placed inside Device moisture absorbent material and assimilation, which remove air from the room, replacing it street. Some models are equipped with a device to control the humidity level, which allows not overdry air. Disadvantage of this option is energy consumption of such funds.
• Use of cooker hoods. The air in the kitchen cooking with frequent moistened hood helps to remove excess moisture.
• There are also desiccant tablets. They are inserted into a special device and absorb moisture from the air. In comparison with the previous embodiments, they are characterized by low cost. Of the minuses - tablets should be changed often enough, like any other adsorbent material.
• Even more accessible way - the banks with salt. We need to take every container and cover its substance. It should be changed as humidification. Salt has adsorbent properties by absorbing moisture from the air.
• You can also use stationary radiators and electric fireplaces. Any means for heating the drying air.
• Ventilation. Fresh air facilitates balancing the internal microclimate, regardless of in which direction an imbalance is present.
• Check pipes. Leaks contribute to the level of humidity, especially if they are many.

Most importantly - accurately monitor changes in humidity. This indicator should be in equilibrium, because it is too dry air also harm the people living at home, as well as household appliances and furniture.

Installation moisture control sensor

In order to continuously monitor the level of humidity in the apartment, you must set the house humidity sensors. These are the same hygrometer, but more accurate and modern. Most of them work at the expense of those or other electronic or mechanical means, responsive to changes in the level indicator in the apartment.

It is considered the most accurate optical hygrometer, which focuses on determining the gas dew point temperature.

Other humidity sensors are designed primarily for industrial and agricultural use. These include capacitive, the principle of which is built around a condensation - the higher the humidity, the greater the capacitance.

Individual climate control systems have a built-in hygrometer varying degrees of accuracy, so in some cases they can choose sensors. Plus it is a sensor accuracy, battery life and a wide coverage area.

As the health of all residents, and the state of home appliances, furniture and any other household items, plants and animals to human influences comfortable humidity. At the moment, there are many devices that can measure accurately and effectively adjust the climate indicators.

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

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