Monocytes are elevated in the blood of the child. Norma, a cause of the analysis by age. Table. What does it mean to treat

The largest blood cells belonging to the group of white blood cells called monocytes. Increasing the level of macrophages in a child may indicate a pathological process in the body.

What is the monocytes is responsible for what?

Monocytes are part of leukocytes and the total cell population. Macrophages possess the property of absorbing harmful bacteria large enough that it is not visible to other cells. They also work in an environment where the pH value is high, very active in fighting infectious agents, can not do numerous macrophages, neutrophils.

And most importantly, in a place where there is an inflammatory process itself, the cells absorb all harmful microorganisms, as well as dead particles immunity. As a result of such work monocytes damage and better heal faster.

Norm of monocytes in the blood of the child

Monocytes are increased in children, usually due to disease in the body. White blood cells are a group of white blood cells responsible for the body's defense against pests. This group includes: macrophages, neutrophils, the main blood cells responsible for production of antibodies - lymphocytes, a subspecies of white blood cells - eosinophils and large granulocytes, basophils.

From all of these monocyte cells differ in size - they are the largest and most active.

Complete blood analysis shows in detail the changes in the leukocyte formula. Number of monocytes is determined as a percentage of all the other types of leukocytes in 1 liter of blood and should vary with the age of the child. With only 16 years and adults 18 years, the large white cells remain in a range not exceeding 8% of the whole leukocyte species.

Table level monocytes age

To determine the number of macrophages in the analysis of blood is absolutely necessary to know the child's age - a large number of white blood cells varies with age.

The normal rate of monocytes by age:

age indicator: days, months, years	MON%
0-1 day	from 3% to 11%
from 2 days to 14 days	from 5% to 14%
from 14 days to 12 months	from 4% to 11%
from 12 months to 24 months	from 3% to 11%
from 2 years to 5 years	from 3% to 9%
from 5 years to 16 years	from 3% to 9%

The dangerous deviation from the norm

Macrophages - a part of the immune system of the blood responsible for the timely disposal and destruction of any virus, bacteria, microbes, parasites, fungi. In the event of a breach in the development of monocytes, the body may remain without any protection or conversely, overproduction of leukocytes can provoke autoimmune aggression.

The dangers of deviation from the norm:

• body remains unprotected against harmful microorganisms;
  
• offline component, which contributes to favorable conditions for recovery and healing of tissue in the body;
• risk tumors;
• intoxication of the body due to lack of timely removal of accumulated toxins.

The reasons for the deviation from normal monocytes

Reduced rate of monocytes in children small. Because of this, the percentage deviation is considered to be from 0 to 2 units. In the case of such a result, a pediatrician raised the question of monotsitopeniya syndrome or low-monocyte macrophages in the blood. But this pathological state is not an independent disease, but a consequence of pathological changes in the body.

Also, a decrease of monocytes confirms poor performance of the immune system.

Possible causes lowering of macrophages:

• exhaustion;
• emotional stress;
• infectious disease;
• damage to body tissue in a wound or injury;
• treatment with ionizing radiation;
• surgery;
• systemic steroid therapy;
• cytostatic treatment;
• violation hemoglobin synthesis due to iron deficiency;
• common infecting organism pathogenic microbes, which were in the blood;
• disease soft spongy tissue inside the bone;
• high fever;
• normocytic anemia;
• sores on the surface of the skin;
• acute mental shock;
• blood cancer.

If monotsitopeniya detection pediatrician appoint additional tests and examinations to find out the cause. Elevated levels of macrophage called monocytosis. This state is not an independent disease, and secondary.

Reasons for the increase of monocytes in the blood of children:

• systemic autoimmune disease;
• virus infection Epstein-Bar;
• blood cancer;
• pathological overabundance of red blood cells;
• viral pathology - the third disease;
• worm infestation;
• articular pathology;
• erosive gastritis;
• inflammation of the stomach;
• intoxication chlorine and phosphorus;
• inflammation of the inner lining of the heart;
• disease Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann;
• contamination of single-celled parasite Toxoplasma;
• zoonotic infection;
• fungal infections;
• infecting tubercle bacillus;
• intrauterine fetal loss bacterium pale triponema;
• festering in the body of the child;
• process, after myocardial ORZ;
• inflammation of the small intestine;
• damage to body tissue in a wound or injury;
• the growth of new teeth;
  
• a characteristic feature of the body of the child (not a pathology).

Symptoms of abnormal

Monocytes raised the child for some reason and are accompanied by different symptoms. Abnormal performance in the leucocyte count accompanied by certain manifestations on the part of the body.

Symptoms of increased number of monocytes in the body:

• increase in peripheral organs of the lymphatic system;
• lack of physical strength and energy;
• chronic fatigue syndrome;
• subfebrile body temperature;
• swelling of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity;
• pain in the abdomen;
• feeling that precedes vomiting.

Manifestations of reduced numbers of macrophages:

• severe intoxication, due to lack of the required number of absorbing harmful microorganisms - monocytes;
• skin rashes;
• severe weakness;
• muscle pain;
• frequent colds;
• constant nasal congestion;
• cough;
• joint pain;
• aches throughout the body;
• low body temperature;
• hypotension;
• Strong headache;
  
• bleeding gums;
• small bruises on the body.

To which the doctor ask

To determine any pathology in a child should first visit a pediatrician. Specialist during the consultation will make viewing, as well as ask about your concern complaints. Draw conclusions and prescribe the necessary examinations.

Indications for analysis

High or low content of monocytes is detected on the total leucocyte count CBC. Indication for the survey in the first place is to change the age of the child.

And as for the determination of:

• possible pathological changes during the treatment of the primary disease;
• symptoms of unknown etiology of the child;
• to analyze the carrying out of the prescribed treatment;
• determine the level of a pathological process in the organism;
• as a preventive measure to prevent the recurrence of long flowing diseases;
• complications in the treatment of the underlying pathology.

How to prepare for a common blood test?

In order to obtain valid test results, you need to properly prepare for the test, and this should be done in advance.

There are certain rules for the preparation of the body for the procedure of putting the KLA:

• CBC should take on an empty stomach or otherwise - between the last meal and the testing must pass a minimum of 7 hours. It is also necessary to remember that the juices, teas, fruit drinks, coffee, cocoa - it's food, though the liquid and has to be avoided. Drink can and should only pure water without gas;
• in some cases, at the discretion of the pediatrician, a complete blood count should be done after a meal, but not earlier than 60 minutes before the test. In this case, the food should be low fat - a savory porridge without oil, tea without sugar or a cup of yogurt, an apple or a pear;
• necessary for 24-48 hours prior to the examination of the child excluded from the diet all sweets, fried, smoked, fat (diet if such products are present), chips, crisps, fizzy drinks;
  
• due to daily fluctuations of quantitative indicators of blood, do clinical testing is required before 10:00 am;
• if the pediatrician has appointed to do a general analysis of the venous blood, it is necessary to know what factors can affect performance: physical stress, all kinds of racing, running, fast, climbing stairs, as well as psycho-emotional arousal or voltage. It is necessary to reassure the child. Eliminate physical education and sports for a few days before the test;
• while taking systemic medications before the test must notify laboratory doctors about the use of medicines;
• when to do the controlling clinical analysis of blood during drug treatment, you should stop taking drugs before the study, and after taking a drink of their blood;
• when performing the test for determining the presence of infection must be remembered that the result may be negative with overt clinical symptoms of disease. This fact testifies to the individual characteristics of the child's immune system of the body and does not exclude the presence of pathology. Just be repeated to make the result of the analysis;
• testing is necessary (especially repeated) take place in the same laboratory for the correct interpretation of the results.

Proper preparation for the delivery of clinical blood analysis will contribute to a more accurate test result and the true diagnosis.

Blood donation rules

Monocytes (raised in a child due to improperly take the analysis) - are cells that are included in the differential blood count blood count. In order to get a true, appropriate validity test result, it is necessary not only to prepare for testing, but also to hand over properly.

Before the KLA, many patients are wondering where you need to donate blood: from venipuncture or finger, and how to do it more accurately. Typically, the CBC will usually suffice taking blood from a finger or capillaries. In case a pediatrician wants to see a more detailed result of the test, the blood pass from the vein.

The survey is considered to be more accurate. The explanation for this fact is that during the procedure compress the finger and puncture the capillaries taper from the lancet (conditioned reflex) - distort the result. Also there is the opinion that some of the blood cells settle to the laboratory glass tube, and this fact reduces the information content of the test.

In order to pass the KLA, there are two ways and, therefore, the same rules.

taking blood from a vein for the young patient the most appropriate option - it is even more time-consuming procedure than with a lancet, but less painful.

Process description:

• before entering into the manipulation room you need to calm your baby as much as possible;
• in the cabinet should sit around the table for the taking of blood in the stool, and if the child is small, then put it on his hand. Thus it is necessary to calm the baby, so he was not worried;
• further health worker takes a special ribbon-harness and will draw arm just above the elbow. You will need to play a little with the child and work cam;
  
• at that time a specialist test the vein at the elbow, wool rub the skin with alcohol and using a vacuum syringe take blood from a vein;
• the duration of the procedure takes the least time;
• typing the required amount of blood, laboratory squeeze the puncture dipped in sterile liquid medical cotton swab;

The rules of the clinical analysis of blood from a finger:

• first parent should reassure the child before entering the manipulation room;
• if the child begins to whims and fear, this could affect the result of the analysis;
• going to the office, you should sit down to the table and put Handling baby in his arms;
• must be given the possibility of a health care provider in the quiescent state is very short time to work with the nameless finger of the child;
• specialist will rub skin with cotton wool before the test with an alcohol or chlorhexidine;
• using a lancet or pricking (which greatly facilitates the procedure with him it is less painful) laboratory will make a puncture in the finger and take the blood to the test;
• infants blood test taken from a finger - testing carried out on the promenade.

At this point, a very well-developed capillary network.

deciphering analysis

To determine the pathology of the child is necessary to interpret the test results. A good pediatrician is required to pay attention to the total leukocyte formula, as well as to the ESR.

Increased lymphocytes and macrophages:

• the presence of a child in the body of a viral infection;
• Active work of the immune system;
• Acute respiratory infections and colds.

Decreased lymphocytes and monocytes increased:

• exhaustion;
• a general weakening of immunity.

The simultaneous increase in the number of macrophages and eosinophils:

• allergic reactions;
• worm infestation;
• chronic inflammation of the skin;
• seasonal rinokonyuktivit;
  
• long flowing disease of the respiratory system;
• malignant blood loss;
• tumors in the lymphatic system.

Increase of granulocytes and monocytes, basophils:

• systemic lupus erythematosus;
• rheumatoid arthritis;
• allergic asthma;
• hives.

Increased numbers of macrophages and azurophilic granules:

• bacterial infections;
• mycoses.

The high rate of ROE at Monocytosis:

• autoimmune pathological processes;
• allergic reactions;
• inflammatory heart disease etiology;
• kidney inflammation;
• pneumonia;
• sepsis.

What is monocytosis and monotsitopeniya?

Monocytes are elevated in a child - it monocytosis. Change in the number of blood cells in the lower side is called monocytopenia. Monocytosis called the increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood. This abnormal expression is not an independent diagnosis (only in case of characteristics of the child body).

Usually, increasing the number of macrophages triggered by some reasons. In children, monocytosis - is a manifestation of the fact that the immune system and the blood system can not cope with the attack of harmful bacteria or viruses. Sometimes increase blood monocytes recent evidence of inflammation in the body or the emotional load that is not an aberration.

Monocytosis usually manifests symptoms of the disease, which provoked the increase in the level of macrophages in the blood and, as a rule, the beginning of inflammatory or viral diseases.

symptoms:

• fatigue;
• weakening of the body;
• changes in mood;
• catarrhal symptoms;
• low-grade fever.

Itself increase monocytes in the blood without symptoms and abnormalities is not a violation. But in identifying monocytosis it is imperative to control the overall body of the child and to make reference clinical tests at regular intervals, so as not to miss the start of the pathological progression process.

Reducing the number of monocytes in the blood or monotsitopeniya. In this process, the child's total number of macrophages is reduced below 2%, which may indicate a sharp decline in immune defense. The reasons for the decrease are so many - from stressful situations, when the child is unable to cope with the psychological or physical activity to oncological diseases.

Pediatrician detection monotsitopeniya should assign specific additional examination and the results will make recommendations. As a rule, it requires monotsitopeniya power correction, restorative procedures. to assign a corrective therapy in case of abnormalities.

types monocytosis

Monocytosis classified by species - the percentage (relative) and full (absolute). Interest monocytosis possible to diagnose in clinical analysis of blood with respect to the remaining cells of macrophage leukocyte. The indicator of the level of monocytes compared to other parts of the immune system, is higher in percentage terms.

Full monocytosis manifested not in relation to other forms of white blood cells, and together with them.

Increase in large numbers of all parameters of the immune system are the criteria for the production of complete or absolute monocytosis syndrome. In this case, further examination is required to determine the cause of the pathological changes in the KLA.

How is the further examination of children with monocytosis?

Survey principles in Monocytosis pediatrician builds on the basis of additional changes in leukocyte formula:

• while enhancing macrophage cells and responsible for gummoralny immunity (lymphocytes) - is suspected viruses and infections. It is necessary to pass the tests for the presence of foreign organisms;
• increase in monocytes and macrophages - eosinophils, it is an indication of the presence of parasites. It is necessary to donate blood and feces on worm infestation;
• for suspected kardiopatologiyu - lipid complex needs and Revmoproby;
• increased number of basophils with macrophages - an indicator of autoimmune aggression. It is necessary to make an analysis of ANA profile.

Any additional survey assigns a pediatrician only after consultation and examination of the child.

How to normalize the level of monocytes

Any deviation in the large cells of leukocyte formula is not an independent disease, and it is first necessary to find out the real reason for the changes. But watch out for the child's quality of life must be - it would be a good preventive method.

You must provide:

• balanced for protein, fat and carbohydrate diet, according to their age;
  
• proper drinking regime;
• the use of vitamin complexes;
• in the absence of pathologies - balanced physical load;
• the right of wakefulness and sleep.

The opinion of Dr. Komarovsky

A well-known doctor Komarovsky relatively monocytosis has the following opinion: that there was no deviation in the number of macrophages, it is necessary to follow the birth of their baby immunity.

To do this you must constantly walk with the child, to monitor the humidity in the house, always remember airing, after walking in the fresh air and the morning after sleep, you need to wash the baby's nose hypertonic solution. Do not engage in self-willed passion antibacterial agents, which leads to disruption of the immune system.

The doctor said that the disease is easier to prevent than to cure. Not to miss the rise in blood monocytes in the child, and therefore pathological process must be timely checkups at the pediatrician.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of monocytes in the blood of the child

Analysis of blood monocytes: