DPT vaccine. From what, graphic decoding. Side effects, reaction temperature, composition, complications, consequences for children

DPT vaccine is included in the schedule of mandatory vaccinations recommended by the Ministry of Health. Deciphering abbreviations illustrates, the vaccine is designed to protect the child from any diseases.

The following article contains information on what the operating principle of the vaccination as properly vaccinate her child, as well as to any possible consequences it is advisable to be prepared parents.

deciphering the DTP

DTP vaccination in the absence of objective contraindications make a person for the first time at the age of 3-4 months. Full transcript abbreviations vaccine looks like adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus. If you take the first letters of the names of diseases in which the immune system is formed when the baby vaccination type under consideration, will DPT.

Due to the antibodies produced by the reaction of a small organism to the vaccine, the child begins to develop immunity to fatal diseases: pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus.

Unfortunately, the vaccine in question would not be able to protect the baby from infection diseases listed, but in the case of entry of the virus into the body, in immunized child probability of death as a result of this illness and its complications is significantly lower than the unvaccinated.

It pertussis component part of the graft causes the greatest number of complications after the administration of drug in the body. However, having examined this question in detail, the parents will understand that such a reaction of the body due natural processes, but the side effects can be avoided even if desired, replacing a "live" vaccine inactivated.

Why is the vaccine

Based on the decoding of abbreviations, DPT is designed to protect the baby from whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. Modern parents, closely related to the issue of vaccination of their children, are often skeptical about the introduction of this type of vaccine.

Their experiences are associated with multi-component vaccines, according to experts, have an enormous burden on the child's body and vital systems, in particular. Recent medical research has shown that the harm caused by specific antibodies in several groups, in this case, minimal.

The main role in the effectiveness of vaccination with DTP combination of components plays between them.

DTP vaccine (transcript should be explained to parents to pediatricians), with the proper preparation for it, as well as compliance with the recommendations of a qualified technician after introduction of suitable composition into the body of the child, it will stimulate the formation of immunity to the aforementioned diseases without causing adverse consequences.

pros

Every parent who is not indifferent to the fate of their own child, must carefully consider grafting, including a scheme whereby put DTP. In compliance with WHO recommended vaccination schedule, mothers and fathers significantly multiplies the chances of your child fully enjoy the benefits of time to be vaccinated.

The main ones include:

• availability domestic vaccine at its high efficiency;
• 3 to avoid the introduction of various injections, the introduction of a three-component vaccine;
• sustainable development of immunity to the major fatal diseases that can minimize the risk of death and promoting a speedy recovery;
• low incidence rate of serious complications, provided a fully serviceable condition of health child in the time of injection, as well as in compliance with pediatric recommendations for care after the injection site vaccination.

DTP objective advantages listed above, can be considered as an important argument in order to put this vaccination schedule for your child. However, it is important to be absolutely sure before vaccination is that the baby is healthy and the risk of complications is reduced to zero.

Minuses

DTP vaccine (transcript of abbreviations should be clear to every parent who chooses to put it to your child), as well as any vaccine has several disadvantages. Their study is essential for the formation of an objective opinion on the advisability of setting a particular child.

The main drawbacks, the most frequently reported by parents, may include:

• a high degree of painful injections, provoke fear in the child to doctors and medical procedures in principle;
• the high cost of imported vaccines (if the parents desire to minimize the risk of side effects after administration of the vaccine);
• reactogenicity of the vaccine composition (presence of side effects after vaccination in most cases).

Contraindications

When deciding on the statement of vaccinations their child, parents should be informed about the pediatrician there are contraindications to vaccination.

For deviations in the health and development of the child, is a cause for medotvoda from DTP for an indefinite period, are as follows:

• strongest reaction to previous administration of the vaccine (fever, convulsions, swelling at the injection site, continuing for a long time);
• diseases associated with immunodeficiency;
• malignant neoplasms;
• newborn weighing less than 2.5 kg;
• any irregularities in the development of part of Neurology;
• afebrile seizures, including a history;
• the presence of pronounced allergic reactions, or their appearance on the background of previous vaccination;
• a body temperature above 37 degrees at the time of pre-vaccine survey.

Under any of the conditions listed above, parents should give up the immediate administration of the formulation of vaccination.

In this case, a pediatrician, usually advise using an alternate "lite" vaccine will be individual schedule of vaccinations or give discharge of all, and in some cases from the sample injection type until the child a certain age.

Possible side reactions

DTP vaccine (transcript of abbreviations should be clear to parents at the stage of making a decision on its expediency in the particular case) is known the existence of a number of side reactions of the child's body at its introduction. Among them distinguish between local and general types.

The most common ones are:

• redness, swelling, tenderness at the injection site;
• temporary violation of the lower limb operation (limp, numbness), into muscle where the injection was made;
• disturbance in the gastrointestinal tract (loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation, and so on);
• nausea or vomiting;
• prolonged moods or hysterical behavior;
• longer sleep;
• listlessness during waking hours;
• fever (up to 39 degrees).

It is important to pre-study the possible reaction to DTP, to be able in time to identify them clearly marked and minimize symptoms. It should also be emphasized that the above symptoms are natural and physiological for the child's body. As a general rule, subject to the pediatrician's advice, associated with them, these phenomena disappear after 3-4 days.

complications

Despite the fact that serious complications are rare after DTP vaccination (according to statistics, 3 cases per 100,000) know about them is every parent, to decide on the formulation of vaccination own child.

The negative effects can be triggered by non-compliance with the requirements for the preparation of baby's pediatrician to DTP, in its Imperfect health status, use of tainted vaccines, or incorrect administration of medical personnel polyclinics.

The most common serious complications include:

• Angioedema;
• hives;
• convulsions;
• anaphylactic shock;
• encephalopathy;
• abscesses;
• significant disturbances in brain activity;
• life limit the functionality of the lower limb (s).

If you encounter one of these complications, it is advisable to abandon the booster vaccination DTP or consult with a pediatrician, watching the kid, for the subsequent use of the vaccine ADS. In it, unlike DTP Component Pertussis offline most often causes adverse reactions not strong child's body.

The principles of the vaccine

Describing the principle of the DTP in simple language, it is possible to characterize it as a "provocation of the body to self-formation of the immune system by the virus entering of cells." The body in response to entering the foreign staff into the vaccine produces antibodies needed to destroy the unknown cell.

By antibody, is formed in the child specific immunity to whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. It is a mistake to assume that the vaccine literally infects the child mentioned diseases and causes it to deal with them. Vaccination most trains the immune system, so that in case of the infection he could "reflect the impact."

In other words, the components of the vaccine DTP provoke strengthening the immune system, creating similar conditions for disease control, but does not infect the baby actually.

Following the WHO recommended vaccination schedule, and booster of DTP, the child receives a "built-in protection" is activated immediately in contact with virus cells in the body. Develop immunity inhibits their activity, minimizing the manifestation of the disease, as well as time, the severity of their development and the impact on internal systems immature children.

Kinds and composition of the vaccine

DTP vaccine (transcript of abbreviations should be explained to parents in advance) has several varieties. In the case of routine immunization of children has traditionally been used DTP.

In addition to it, modern medicine can offer parents instill in the child's vaccines:

• ADS;
• Pentaxim;
• Infanrix.

For the formation of a final decision in the choice of a particular type of structure, it is advisable to get acquainted with the composition of each of the varieties of the drug above.

• DTP domestic producers consists of 100 billion sticks inactivated pertussis species 15. diphtheria toxoid and 5 units. tetanus toxoid. In addition to the main components of the vaccines under consideration also includes an artificial stabilizer - thimerosal.
• DT, tend to put children after 4 years. In this composition there are no sticks pertussis, immunity to which, subject to the vaccination scheme is considered to have formed in the child's body. Placed as revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus, and accordingly, all major components except pertussis, stored and similar components DTP vaccines.
• Pentaxim - analogue, manufactured by the French company, consisting of diphtheria toxoid, pertussis toxoid, tetanus toxoid, dead polio particles. As an auxiliary component used filamentous hemagglutinin. In addition to the basic mixture in the packaging manufacturer Pentaksima also puts hemophilic and tetanus components which are mixed with the main mass directly before injection.
• Infanrix - imported vaccine, produced in Belgium. The standard set of components comprises particles of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis, but in an inactivated form. It is important to note the existence of complex vaccination can protect your child still and polio (IPV Infanrix) and hepatitis B, polio and haemophilia (Infanrix Hexa).

The usefulness of a particular vaccine should be determined by a pediatrician, depending on the history of the small patient.

preliminaries

To avoid responses and minimize the occurrence of complications after vaccination, parents advisable to observe basic advice pediatricians about the preparation for the vaccination.

First of all, you should:

• a few days before the immediate immunization to temporarily suspend the acceptance of vitamin D, in order to prevent the likelihood of an allergic reaction, the cumulative nature;
• 3 days before and on the day itself immunizations give your child any antihistamine, according to the dosage by weight and age of the child;
• the day before to pass a general analysis of blood and urine test, illustrating the real state of health of the child;
• avoid contact with infectious patients and protect the little man from infection (in case of illness the child will need to "wait" a month after his recovery to obtain permission from the immunization pediatrician);
• do not introduce new products in the diet of the child or his mother (when the baby breastfed);
• exclude taking any medication, including vitamin complex child or nursing mother, for 5 days prior to immunization;
• antipyretics to prepare for the proper organization of care for the baby during the period after vaccination (advisable to use candles, due to the probability of allergic reactions to the flavoring contained in the syrups).

Where to put vaccinated

Most often, the vaccine is administered intramuscularly in the thigh of any of the legs. In addition to the injection in the lower extremities, it is sometimes put in the baby's buttocks or arm (in older age).

It is worth noting that the introduction of injection into thigh - most painless embodiment. Moreover, processing and reconstitution of skin integrity in this region is significantly faster than in other places.

The order of vaccinations

In the absence of abnormalities in the baby's health, it is advisable to stick to the parents below scheme of vaccination and revaccination DTP:

• First immunization is carried out at the age of 3 months;
• 2nd immunization conducted in 45 days (4.5 months);
• Third immunizations were still one and a half months (6 months);
• First revaccination, the purpose of which is to maintain immunity to diseases at the appropriate level, done in 18 months;
• Second revaccination - 7 years;
• Third booster - 14 years;
• 4th and subsequent immunization with DTaP is recommended to place every 10 years since the last injection DTP, DT or Td.

Supervision and care after vaccination

For high efficiency of DTP vaccinations, with minimal side effects, it is important not only correctly prepare your child for vaccination, but also closely monitor his condition after it and follow the instructions pediatrician.

To the basic guidelines for the care of the baby vaccinated include:

• not to go for a walk for the first 3 days after the procedure;
• not to bathe the child and does not wet the injection site during the first 3 days after inoculation;
• not to introduce new products in the diet of a baby or a nursing mother (with HS) for 1 week after the injection;
• 3-4 days after the procedure to continue taking antihistamines in prophylactic doses;
• check the child's body temperature after 20-30 minutes. after administration by intramuscular injection;
• night in the day of immunization to your child antipyretic, even in the absence of fever at the time of dosage (should not be used for this purpose analginum as its reception is extremely undesirable children early age);
• not to feed the little man for an hour after the injection, but to give in this period as much water as possible;
• avoid crowds and contact with infectious patients;
• observe changes in health and behavior for 5-7 days after vaccination (body temperature, the presence or loss appetite, and so on), in case of need could quickly establish the chronology of events at circumscribing the circumstances doctor.

In some cases, consult your doctor

When monitoring your baby, it is important to also be aware of the situation when it is necessary as soon as possible to see a doctor for medical care immunized child.

Calling a qualified professional is expedient in the case of:

• the rapid increase in the size of redness or swelling at the injection site;
• occurrence of twitch, especially against high temperatures;
• save lethargy, listlessness and drowsiness after more than 3 days after the injection;
• increase in pain at the injection or dysfunction limb continued over 3 days;
• presence in body temperature of 39 degrees and above;
• of cough and pain in the throat 1-2 days after administration of the vaccine composition;
• incessant crying baby, which lasts 30 minutes. to 1 h (a piercing scream syndrome).

Full transcript of the speaker DTP vaccination names illustrating the deadly disease, the immune system which produces a child at competent immunization of the vaccine should certainly encourage parents to make a choice in favor of the necessity of setting their own DTP to kid.

Given the options offered by modern medicine, if financially possible, can avoid adverse reactions from the child's body by the imported vaccine.

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