Biochemical analysis of blood transcript in adult women, men and children by age. Indicators and rate table wbc, CRP, ESR, GGT, Petit

Biochemical analysis of blood - an important method of disease detection, correct decryption in adults allows time to find the problem and proceed to its solution.

Proper preparation for analysis

Proper diagnosis of diseases through the analysis, possible in the case when all of the conditions of his fence and passed the corresponding pre-treatment have been met:

1. Blood sampling is performed on an empty stomach, since the last meal should take at least 8 hours. It allowed the use of clean water without gas.
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2. It is important for three days before the date of analysis, adhere to the principles of a healthy diet to exclude foods fried, spicy, salty, and alcoholic beverages.
3. You can not brush your teeth and use mouthwash.
4. It is forbidden to be carried out before blood donation X-rays, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, or place any drip or do injections of drugs.
5. If possible, should not be used during the delivery of Biochemistry:

• vitamins;
• allergy medications;
• oral contraceptives;
• antibiotics;
• painkillers.

Deciphering the blood chemistry in adults: a table

Indicators	U measurement	normal values
Total protein	g / l	64-83
Albumen	g / l	35-50
myoglobin	Ug / l	12-92
transferrin	g / l	2,0-4,0
ferritin	Ug / l	10-250
TIBC	Mol / l	26,85-41,2
CRP	Mg / l	0.5
rheumatoid factor	U / ml	To 10
hepatocuprein	Mg / l	150 — 600
Total cholesterol	Mmol / l	to 5.2
triglycerides	Mmol / l	0,55-1,65
Urea	Mmol / l	1,8-8,3
creatinine	Mol / l	53-115
Uric acid	Mmol / l	0,12-0,50
Bilirubin	Mol / l	3,4-17,1
Glucose	Mol / l	3,89-5,83
fructosamine	Mmol / l	Up to 280
AST	U / L	Up to 35
ALT	U / L	Up to 41
Alkaline phosphatase	U / L	20-130
LDH	U / L	120-240
Sodium	Mmol / l	134-150
Potassium	Mmol / l	3,6-5,4
Chlorine	Mmol / l	95-110
Phosphorus	Mmol / l	0,65-1,3
Magnesium	Mmol / l	0,65-0,11
Iron	Mmol / l	11,64-30,43
Calcium	Mmol / l	2,0-2,8
Zinc	Mol / l	11-28

Total protein

Deciphering the biochemical analysis of blood in adults is not possible without an analysis of the total protein level.

protein functions in the body:

• synthesis enzymes, antibodies and hemoglobin;
• maintaining the balance of beneficial trace elements;
• acidity regulation of blood;
• participate in the construction of a plasma;
• maintenance of immunity.

Decrease in the total protein level may be views:

1. Physiology: occurs in children, pregnant women, young mothers during breastfeeding.
2. Relative: due to the amount of fluid in the circulatory system of growth.
3. Absolute: the presence of inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases, starvation.

Lack of protein in the body, according to Biochemistry, may be indicative of:

• anemia;
• hepatitis A;
• immunodeficiency;
• disruption of the endocrine system;
• cancer.

Increasing the total protein has two kinds:

1. Relative - because of blood clots:

• burns more body surfaces;
• dehydration.

1. absolute:

• infection and sepsis;
• autoimmune diseases;
• infection in the acute stage;
• malignancies.

CRP

CRP - a c-reactive protein, which occurs in the liver region, in response to each inflammatory process occurring in the body.

Increase protein occurs in the presence of the following issues:

• bacterial infections;
• infestation;
• sepsis;
• death of tissue;
• meningitis;
• heart attack;
• diabetes.

nitrogen metabolism

Do biochemical analysis of blood in adults transcript which does not cause difficulties in the laboratory, it is often necessary to identify the problems of a different nature. For example, nitrogen metabolism is a measure of how much nitrogen was received by the organism and which was derived from it naturally.

Improving indicators may indicate:

• renal azotemia or adrenal;
• presence of inflammation;
• eating foods rich in proteins;
• inflammation of the urinary system;
• Poisoning by toxic substances;
• hypertension;
• renal tuberculosis;
• prostate cancer.

Glucose

Glucose - is the source of energy, which is needed for proper operation of the cell. Its amount is adjusted by the relationship of two hormones: glucagon and insulin.

Increase in blood glucose levels can due to the following conditions:

1. Disruptions to the endocrine system.
2. The use of certain drugs:

• diuretics;
• oral contraceptives;
• anti-inflammatory steroid;
• amphetamines.

1. Presence of pancreatic disease.
2. Diabetes.
3. chronic liver diseases.
4. As a consequence of the high physical exertion or prolonged exhaustion.

indicators of bilirubin

Bilirubin occurs after collapse of blood cells, it has toxic effects of the liver and excreted outside the body. Distinguish 3 kinds:

1. Indirect, which was not neutralized by the liver.
2. Direct, neutralized by the liver.
3. General - a set of the first two types. His evaluated by conducting a biochemical blood analysis.

Increased bilirubin level can be:

• slight (up to 70 mmol / l);
• pronounced (up to 170 pmol / l), giving the organism intoxication;
• heavy (up to 300 pmol / l), in violation of the organs and systems;
• extremely severe (more than 300 mmol / l) may cause the patient's death.

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is produced by the liver cells, it is included in the cellular composition is involved in metabolic processes, and produces a number of hormones.

Lowering cholesterol levels indicates such problems:

• increased risk of infertility;
• disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and liver;
• occurrence of obesity, osteoporosis;
• infected blood toxins;
• occurrence of anxiety and depressive states.

Increase in blood cholesterol tells the occurrence of such risks:

• clogging of the arteries as a result of the restriction;
• high likelihood of angina, heart attack and stroke.

creatinine

Functioning of the body is impossible without continuous protein metabolism that result in creatinine. This material after all the necessary body processes, is excreted in the urine.

Increasing the normal creatinine level may be due to:

1. Malfunction kidney (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis or polycystic).
2. The presence of processes that destroy the tissues and muscles (dying, gangrene).
3. Damage to the muscular system with burns or injuries.
4. Long-term lack of fluid.
5. Heart failure.
6. Radiation sickness.

Amylase

Metabolism of carbohydrates is not possible without the participation of biologically active substances, among which an important role is played by amylase. It is produced in the body with the help of the pancreas and salivary glands.

The reasons that may affect the level of increase in amylase:

• pancreatitis, both acute and chronic forms;
• cyst or pancreatic tumors;
• the presence of mumps;
• inflammatory diseases of internal organs;
• diabetes;
• renal insufficiency.

Reducing amylase according to the results of biochemistry, is a testimony:

• hepatitis B, both in acute and chronic forms;
• pancreas;
• falls and injuries sustained by man.

ALT and AST

Timely conducted by biochemical analysis of the blood of adults, decoding which is made competent expert, to determine the level of ALT and AST. Both components are directly involved in the synthesis of amino acids in the body, getting them the circulatory system, is a result of the postponed injury or serious problems with the cardiovascular system.

Violation of the proportions of the AST and ALT in the blood indicates the presence of:

• hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver;
• pancreatitis;
• serious heart disease;
• necrosis;
• burns;
• general state of shock body.

electrolytes

Electrolytes play an important role on transferring water between body tissues. The composition of the electrolyte include:

• sodium and potassium;
• magnesium;
• anions;
• chlorides and phosphates;
• bicarbonates;
• organic acids.

The lack of even a small amount of one of these elements can lead to a breach in the system or each human organ. electrolyte balance may be upset because of such problems:

1. lack of fluid in the body.
2. The presence of salt deficiency.
3. Diabetes.
4. Diarrhea.
5. Dehydration.

ESR

ESR - shows the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in blood, which allows the doctor to draw conclusions about the patient's illness. Among them are such:

• inflammatory diseases;
• tuberculosis;
• arthritis;
• pneumonia;
• syphilis;
• angina;
• stroke or heart attack;
• autoimmune diseases;
• diseases of the genitourinary system.

Potassium

Deciphering the results of biochemical blood analysis often reveals the wrong indicators of potassium in the blood, both adults and children. Norm is a value in the range from 3.5 to 5 mmol / l.

Deficiency of this element can occur due to:

• Hour diuretic drugs for a long time;
• dehydration due to enteric infections;
• Hour steroids;
• reduction of consumption of products containing potassium;
• presence of renal failure in chronic form.

potassium level in blood has the ability to increase. This is due to the following reasons:

• of renal nephrotic;
• extensive injuries and burns;
• chronic adrenal insufficiency character;
• dehydration in the acute period;
• coma in diabetes.

Calcium

Calcium plays an important role in building bone, is present in the blood. His lack of evidence of the presence of such diseases:

• lack of vitamin D and as a result, rickets;
• renal failure;
• pancreatitis in the acute form;
• gipoparaterioz.

Increased calcium indicates the presence of the problems with the pancreas.

Chlorine

Chlorine is an important function for the maintenance of the active behavior of biological fluids in the human body. Chlorine content in the blood of 96 mmol / l or less, it shows insufficient. Cause this condition are the following diseases:

• sweating human;
• ileus and related symptoms to her;
• renal disease, including failure;
• diabetes history of kidney;
• uncontrolled receiving diuretics.

Elevated chlorine indicators (more than 116 mmol / l) indicate:

• general lack of fluid in the body;
• some diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• edema;
• reception in food preparations containing sodium chloride.

Sodium

Sodium plays an important role in the water-salt metabolism, which is essential for the proper functioning of all systems and organs of the human body. Limits Sodium blood indicators in the range between 130-150 mg / dL.

Insufficient sodium values ​​may be a response to:

• the presence of nephrotic syndrome;
• diabetes;
• liver injury;
• hypothyroidism, meningitis and brain tumor;
• pyelonephritis;
• the presence of cysts in the kidneys;
• receiving diuretics.

Blood sugar levels can be increased in response to:

• the presence of diabetes insipidus;
• dyspnea or febrile illness;
• certain renal diseases.

Iron

For processes of hematopoiesis, are continuously occurring in the body, it is imperative that iron, as part of hemoglobin. His wealth enables active and circulate blood throughout the body to function properly as a whole.

Increasing the level of iron says:

• deficiency of B vitamins;
• lead poisoning or drugs, iron-rich;
• the presence of hepatitis B, both acute nature and type of virus;
• iron deficiency anemia;
• diseases of the circulatory system;
• cirrhosis.

LDH

LDH enzyme acts in the body, which is required for the metabolism of glucose. Increase the level of LDH in the blood, maybe because of these reasons:

• diseases of the cardiovascular system (myocarditis insufficiency, heart attack);
• various liver diseases;
• different types of anemia (iron and folic);
• musculoskeletal system diseases, including inflammatory;
• neoplastic processes;
• kidney disease;
• thromboses.

It is worth noting that the decrease in initially high level of LDH may be indicative of the success of the prescribed treatment.

Uric acid

Uric acid is produced by the body as a result of their direct functions. It eliminates excess nitrogen and designed to neutralize free radicals in cells.

The reasons for increasing uric acid indicators are:

1. Hypertension (all stages starting from 2).
2. Gout.
3. Endocrine diseases, including diabetes.
4. The presence of obesity.
5. Atherosclerosis.

Reduced content of uric acid due to such problems:

1. Renal failure and the presence of cysts in the kidneys.
2. Nephropathy.
3. Diseases of the blood.
4. Toxicosis pregnant women.
5. The shock of the body burns.

Urea

One of the immediate indicators of the biochemical analysis of blood in adults, deciphering which talks about the effectiveness of the excretory system of the body, acts as urea. The analysis of these values ​​allows to conclude that the work of the urinary system.

Increased urea levels in the blood may be indicative of disorders in the kidney, as well as:

• diseases of the genitourinary system in general (the presence of prostate or kidney stones);
• gastrointestinal disease associated with impaired functioning of the intestines;
• cardiovascular disease;
• diabetes and other disorders of the endocrine system;
• poisoning and intoxication.

Reduce urea levels may indicate:

• liver (necrosis, hepatitis, cirrhosis);
• pregnancy;
• lack of production of certain hormones;
• problems with amino acid absorption in the intestine;
• poisoning by arsenic or phosphorus.

triglycerides

Triglycerides belong to the most important lipids that act energetic power for cellular systems of the body. High values ​​can have such reasons:

1. Problems in the cardiovascular system.
2. Kidney and the endocrine system.
3. Pathology of the liver and pancreas.
4. Admission of alcoholic beverages in large quantities.

Too low values ​​of triglycerides may be a sign of:

1. Malfunction of the thyroid gland.
2. Cerebral infarction.
3. Pulmonary pathology system.
4. Disorders of the intestine.

Alkaline phosphatase

Alkaline phosphatase - an enzyme that plays a major role in the hydrolysis of phosphorus transported to the cells of the organism. He advocates a marker that can signal the earliest breaches in the structure of human bone system, especially in the elderly.

Most often, there is an increase of values ​​of this enzyme, which may characterize such diseases:

• malignancies of the skeletal system;
• metastases in the bones;
• cirrhosis, hepatitis, liver;
• liver damage by excessive intake of drugs;
• osteoporosis;
• cytomegalovirus;
• rickets;
• renal infarction;
• ulcerative colitis;
• cholestasis;
• sepsis;
• Mononucleosis, including infectious;
• thyrotoxicosis.

Reduction in blood alkaline phosphatase level may be a sign of:

• vitamin C deficiency;
• hypothyroidism;
• anemia;
• protein deficiency, magnesium and zinc in the body;

globulins

By globulins include proteins contained in the blood, which can not be dissolved in water. They are divided into several fractions, a change in terms of each of which may be an indication of certain diseases.

Alpha globulins:

1. Level up:

• pneumonia;
• tuberculosis;
• infection;
• sepsis;
• carry-forward of trauma or surgery;
• necrosis;
• kidney disease.

1. Reducing:

• malignant neoplasms;
• hepatitis infectious nature;
• anemia caused by iron deficiency;
• myeloma;
• excess estrogen.

Beta globulins:

1. Level up:

• response to inflammatory processes in the body;
• lupus erythematosus;
• tuberculosis;
• arthritis, including rheumatoid;
• coronary heart disease.

1. Reducing:

• physiological nature (in infants);
• innate character;
• idiopathic orientation (for reasons unknown medicine).

Gamma globulins are reduced due to the occurrence:

• nephrosis;
• problems with the synthesis of immunoglobulins;
• after removal of the spleen;
• infectious diseases;
• body when exposed to radiation.

GGT

GGT - an enzyme that enables the exchange of amino acids in cells. Especially a lot of it is contained in the cells of the pancreas, and kidneys. Normal values ​​of this protein indicate the proper functioning of the liver, in the case of increasing performance, we are talking about the origin of gepatoksicheskih signs.

Influence the changes of the enzyme GGT, may other problems:

• heart failure;
• lupus;
• mammary cancer;
• diabetes;
• heart attack;
• hyperthyroidism.

PTI

Deciphering the biochemical analysis of blood in adults, necessarily includes the determination of the prothrombin index, which indicates the time of plasma coagulation. Increasing the level of PTI is called:

• initial stages vein occlusion thrombus;
• an increase in red blood cells;
• occurrence of malignant neoplasms character;
• there are problems with blood clotting;
• reception of hormonal contraceptives.

Reducing the level of PTI said about the development of such diseases:

• goiter;
• fibrogena deficit;
• failures in metabolism;
• bladder cancer or pancreatic cancer.

Coefficient De Rytis

Ritis coefficient ratio of the two referred to as blood proteins that are normally found in myocardial cells, and in the event of damage to the latter may fall in a small amount into the blood.

Interpretation of changes of values ​​of this coefficient is as follows:

1. Hepatitis viral nature (is lower than 1).
2. Chronic liver damage (figure 1 above).
3. Infarction, cirrhosis (figure 2 above).

Norm for Women

Normal values ​​of all elements of the biochemical analysis of blood differ in women and men.

Indicator	Norm
Total protein	60-85
albumin	35-50
Total bilirubin	8,5-20,5
Alkaline phosphatase	30-110
triglycerides	0,4-1,8
Cholesterol	3,5-5,5
Amylase	25-125
Uric acid	150-350
creatinine	55-95
Urea	2,8-7,2
C-reactive protein	0.5
Glucose	3,8-6,3
AST	Up to 30
ALT	Up to 34
Sodium	135-146
Potassium	3,5-5,5
Chlorine	98-107
Phosphorus	0,87-1,45
Magnesium	0,65-1,2
Calcium	2,15-2,7
PTI	78-142
LDH	135-214
ESR	2-15
Iron	8,95-30,43
globulins	alpha 0.36 beta 1 gamma 0.97

Norm for pregnant women

Indicator	1 term	2 trimester	3 trimester
Total protein	66	64	62
albumin	32	28	25
globulins	alpha 0.4 beta 0.96 gamma 0.73	0,44 1,2 0,79	0,51 1,4 0,68
Total bilirubin	5-21,2	5-21,2	5-21,2
Alkaline phosphatase	40-150	50-180	60-240
Cholesterol	4,5-5,6	5,6-6,0	6,0-6,2
creatinine	65	51	47
Urea	4,5	4,3	4,0
Glucose	4,2	3,9	3,8
AST	8-30	8-30	8-30
ALT	7-34	7-34	7-34
Sodium	136-145	140-150	140-150
Chlorine	98-107	100-115	100-115
Phosphorus	1YU0-1,4	1,0-1,4	1,0-1,4
Calcium	2,15-2,65	2,3-2,7	2,3-2,7
Iron	14,3-17,9	14,3-17,9	14,3-17,9

Norm for men

Indicator	Norm
Total protein	62-85
albumin	35-50
Total bilirubin	8-20
Alkaline phosphatase	30-130
triglycerides	0,4-1,8
Cholesterol	3,5-5,5
Amylase	25-125
Uric acid	215-410
creatinine	62-120
Urea	2,8-7,2
C-reactive protein	0.5
Glucose	3,5-6,2
AST	Up to 41
ALT	Up to 45
Sodium	135-146
Potassium	3,5-5,5
Chlorine	98-107
Phosphorus	0,87-1,45
Magnesium	0,65-1,2
Calcium	2,15-2,7
PTI	78-135
LDH	125-226
ESR	8-12
Iron	130-160
globulins	alpha 0.36 beta 1 gamma 0.97

Norm for children by age

Deciphering the biochemical analysis of blood in children has its differences from adults parameters that vary depending on their age.

Indicator	Newborn	Children from 2 months to 1 year	Children older than 1 year
Total protein	45-70	51-73	from 1 to 2 years-56-75 older than 2 years - 62-82
albumin	30-45	35-50	37-55
globulins	25-35	25-35	25-35
total bilirubin	17-68	8,5-21,4	8,5-21,4
bilirubin related	4,3-12,8	0,83-3,4	0,83-3,4
bilirubin is a free	12,8-55,2	2,56-17,3	2,56-17,3
ALT	less than 40	less than 40	less than 40
AST	less than 40	less than 40	less than 40
Alkaline phosphatase	less than 150	less than 644	less than 644
Glucose	From 1.7 to 4.7	From 3.3 to 6.1	From 3.3 to 6.1
creatinine	From 35 to 110	From 35 to 110	From 35 to 110
Urea	2,5-4,5	3,3-5,8	4,3-7,3
Cholesterol	1,6-3	1,8-4,9	3,7-6,5
triglycerides	0,2-0,86	0,39-0,93	0,4-1,86
Potassium	4,5-6,5	4-5,6	3,6-5,1
Calcium	2,2-2,5	2,3-2,8	2,3-2,8
Sodium	135-155	133-142	132-156
Phosphorus	1.8-2.7 m	1.3-2.3 m	1-1,8

Biochemical analysis of blood, subject to the rules of its delivery, and an adequate assessment of all indicators, is able to give your doctor a lot of useful information about the state of health of the patient.

Videos of biochemical analysis

Biochemical analysis of blood - transcript in adults, and the rate table:

Deciphering the biochemical analysis: