Arterial hypertension is a pathology of the cardiovascular system, when in force various reasons, there is a persistent increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg It is a disease - hypertension, which leads to the gradual destruction of the internal organs and systems (heart, kidney, brain, retina, and others.), The development of serious complications. The disease is mainly diagnosed in adults, but can occur in children and adolescents.
From what is shown
Persistent increase in pressure can be regarded as a characteristic feature of some severe pathologies, or be an independent disease. The causes of hypertension are still under the scrutiny of medical scientists. A close relationship with the formation of the disease a functional failure of the pressure regulation in the higher parts of the central nervous system of man. Hypertensive heart disease is able to develop under the influence:
- enhance the frequency and strength of heart contractions, increase cardiac output;
- blood vessel growth resistance;
- increasing the volume of blood circulating in the cardiovascular system.
Frequent causes of blood pressure surges should be considered:
- genetic predisposition;
- weather conditions;
- presence of severe chronic pathologies;
- age changes;
- obesity;
- improper diet;
- excess of salt in the diet;
- a side effect of certain drugs.
By high pressure causes in men include the abuse of spirituous drinks and smoking, harmful working conditions. According to medical statistics, men are most susceptible age group of 35-50 years.
Frequent causes of high pressure in women are:
- long-term stressful situations;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- menopause;
- pregnancy.
Hypertension is manifested by the development of certain diseases:
- the adrenal glands;
- kidney;
- circulatory system;
- diabetes and so forth.
Presence of any risk factor requires careful attention to their health and urgent referral to a specialist for advice.
Kinds
Classification of essential hypertension can be carried out according to different parameters:
- on the blood pressure level (1-3 degrees);
- type increase in blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, mixed);
- origin (primary, secondary).
- of course nature (benign, malignant)
As a further characteristic of increased pressure indicates damage internal organs, their degree of severity.
primary
According to the classification of arterial hypertension, is a large group of mixed primary asymptomatic disease. This pathology often develops on the background of heart disease and cardiovascular system. Her long for a negative effect on the target organs.
Precise causes of the formation of this form of hypertension is not established. Among the common factors that contribute to its development, the scientists call heredity, prolonged temper tantrums, constant voltage, exacerbated by overweight.
If not treated properly this form of the disease, complications may occur (hypertensive crisis, Renal artery atherosclerosis and so on.).
secondary
A secondary form of hypertension in another called symptomatic hypertension. It arises as a consequence of certain diseases of internal organs, regulating blood pressure.
If hypertension is a separate independent disease, the secondary form of hypertension is considered to be a characteristic syndrome outside diseases.
In this case, you can determine the cause of the occurrence of high blood pressure and take steps to address it.
Essential
Essential hypertension It refers to a primary form of the disease. Diagnosis is difficult, the process of elimination.
Hypertension of this type is associated with disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Often a spasm of blood vessels is observed, the decline in their tone. The disease leads to depletion depressor renal function.
pulmonary
When pulmonary hypertension, high blood pressure is diagnosed in the pulmonary arteries, which connect the lungs and heart. The disease is rare, difficult to treat.
These blood vessels under the influence of the inflammatory process narrowed, increasing the weight and thickness of their walls swell. This causes a persistent increase in pressure. It is a violation of normal blood flow, leading to heart failure.
labile
Labile hypertension classification refers to the boundary of the disease. It is characterized by small pressure jumps, some of his deviation from the norm. Drug intervention to stabilize blood pressure is not required.
People diagnosed with labile hypertension, should be closely monitored by the therapist and cardiologist because of the risk of developing hypertension secondary form.
What are the symptoms and signs of
The main symptoms of hypertension:
- increase of blood pressure 140/90 mm Hg .;
- swelling;
- cyanosis of the skin;
- hypoxia and ischaemia and other internal organs.
Symptoms of hypertension the initial form does not appear. Often the presence of pathology detected by chance during a routine trip to the doctor. The patient, feeling healthy, defying treatments and expert recommendations, what triggers the disease.
High-pressure non-specific symptoms in women and in men the following:
- dizziness;
- throbbing pain in the neck;
- disruptions of cardiac rhythm;
- chest pain;
- dyspnea;
- swelling of the feet;
- blurred vision.
High pressure symptoms in men due to physiological structure are more pronounced than in women. Disease prone to middle-aged men.
Symptoms develop slowly, in malignant nature of the disease pathological changes in the bodies of progress in benign hypertension.
Subsequently at elevated pressure disease symptoms will depend on the affected target organ.
Symptoms of hypertension are apparent when complications occurred, and lesions of the internal organs and systems. Some medical conditions require emergency medical care.
degrees
To assess the state of the patient's arterial hypertension medical scientists compiled classification stage and grade.
Each degree of the disease depends on the blood pressure. Experts identify grade 3 hypertension. By increasing the pressure level of 20 mm Hg It increases the risk of fatal outcome in a patient 2 times.
Knowledge in hypertension stages and degrees will help to find a differentiated approach to their effective treatment.
1 degree
For 1 degree of hypertension high pressure characterized by: the border systolic level are within 140-159 mm Hg, diastolic - 90-99 mmHg
To this extent it provides a mild form of the disease in which a small deviation from the normal pressure level does not always require medical treatment. hypertension of any organ damage are not available with 1 degree. The disease often finds doctor in case of accidental pressure measurement.
2 degree
Hypertension is characterized by a high degree of the resilient pressure parameters: top - 160-179 mmHg, lower - 100-109 mmHg At this stage you can be diagnosed lesion of blood vessels, heart, kidney failure and so on. The patient needs hospitalization.
Grade 3
Hypertensive heart disease is a Grade 3 severe, complicated pathological conditions (Heart attack, stroke, renal failure, and others.), Many of which can lead to death outcome. Pressure reaches high values - over 180/110 mmHg
In hypertension degree 3 drugs are often ineffective.
Diagnostics
For the purpose of effective treatment of the patient with a suspected diagnosis of hypertension is carried out:
- Anamnesis.
- Measurement of blood pressure. Consistently high pressure must be at different measurements in dissimilar conditions.
- Physical examination.
- Laboratory blood tests (general and biochemical analyzes on the hormone content) and urine.
By instrumental methods include:
- an electrocardiogram;
- Ultrasound of the heart;
- X-rays of blood vessels;
- Thyroid ultrasound;
- Renal ultrasound - to assess the functionality of the renal vessels and the kidney;
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, and others.
The survey is set cause the formation of high blood pressure, checked for defeat the target organs (heart, kidney, eye, thyroid), established by the person accompanying symptoms pathologies.
Treatment
pressure normalization and timely elimination of risk factors minimize the formation of complications and adverse effects of the internal organs.
Hypertension Treatment may include medications and non-drug methods; last appointed, without exception, all the patients. At high pressure, treatment with medication under a doctor's supervision is central. Switching to a healthy lifestyle is considered to be the main condition for reducing the pressure to normal.
Treat high blood pressure can only be a specialist after a careful diagnosis.
How to quickly reduce the pressure
The sharp jump upward pressure caused due to various reasons, can lead to a hypertensive crisis and hypertensive death. To avoid such a situation, everyone should know how to quickly reduce the pressure in the home.
Patient should be put on a level surface, loosen clothing and provide fresh air. You should call an emergency medical team, learn how you can before their arrival to lower blood pressure.
If prescriptions from physicians are not received, you can use the following tips:
- Hot tub. Its action is aimed at expanding the blood vessels of the upper or lower extremities, that will reduce high blood pressure.
- Deep breathing with a slight delay. Ability to activate blood circulation and increase blood flow to internal organs that quickly reduce the pressure in the blood vessels.
- Admission infusion of valerian. Will have a calming, relaxing effect: heart will go smoothly and quietly, the patient's condition improves.
- Vinegar compress. To bring down the pressure will gauze soaked in apple cider vinegar and applied to the patient's feet.
- Mustard. Lower pressure can overlay mustard plasters on his head, neck and calf muscles.
- Tea with peppermint. This plant with the help of their healing properties to reduce blood pressure.
Waiting for the arrival of doctors, some of the proposed methods can be combined to achieve greater efficiency.
Physicians emergency patients during treatment of hypertension crisis carried out by introducing into the vein of the potent drug - Nifedipine or clonidine. Then produce his hospitalization.
How to treat people's means
Traditional healers claim that you can cure hypertension, non-traditional methods. These statements are doctors with caution, considering the traditional medicine only as an additional method of treatment.
The following folk remedies can reduce the pressure:
- tincture of golden whiskers;
- decoction of herbal: St. John's wort, birch buds, chamomile, Helichrysum, strawberry leaves;
- mixture of honey, garlic, lemon and hips;
- yogurt with cinnamon etc..
Hypertension Treatment folk medicine means only with the permission of the doctor, and during regular monitoring on the special equipment health. In the fight against disease should be borne in mind that to get rid of hypertension will not work forever.
As cured with drugs
For hypertensive therapy are applied:
- thiazide diuretics (furosemide, amiloride);
- blockers (nebivolol, atenolol).
Treatment of hypertension these drugs is contraindicated in pregnancy, gout, COPD, asthma, certain vascular pathologies.
hypertension treatment begins with small doses, can then be made on the replacement of analogue. An important rule of effective treatment of hypertension is considered to be receiving prescription medications for life on an ongoing basis.
The composition of therapy of the disease with the aim to lower pressure can be used:
- calcium channel blockers (felodipine, lacidipine);
- ACE inhibitors (quinapril, enalapril);
- blockers or angiotensin receptor Sartai (Valsartan, Losartan).
Treat high blood pressure may be set up several medications that the doctor selects individually. It can be observed from the effects of the drug addiction.
Cure hypertension can not be forever, but proper treatment can achieve a stable remission.
Self-replacement drugs are not allowed.
Food
An important part of an integrated treatment of hypertension is proper nutrition. To combat the disease weakened body needs power, so power must be balanced and complete. You need to eat plenty of vegetables and fruits, because they contain fiber is able to lower cholesterol in the blood parameters. Products useful for hypertension are considered unsaturated fats include vegetable oils, fish and red al.
In obesity lower pressure can decrease daily caloric foods to 1200 kcal and the exclusion from the diet:
- any animal oils;
- alcohol;
- sweets;
- fatty meats and fish;
- semi-finished products and so on.
What should be done under high pressure on doctors recommendations:
- remove from the diet of salted and smoked products;
- reduce the amount of water consumed.
Dietetic food and maintaining a healthy lifestyle is treated hypertension initial shape. In more severe cases, the disease requires medical intervention.
What is dangerous
Hypertension, left untreated, is fraught with serious complications and consequences, leading to death. According to medical statistics, 65% of men and 60% of women with hypertension to ignore the importance of systemically administering antihypertensive medicines and use them from time to case.
Dangerous complications of hypertension acute nature include:
- hypertensive crises;
- myocardial infarction;
- ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke;
- lung edema;
- aortic aneurysm and others.
State of chronic heart or renal failure occurs after a severe hypertensive crisis, for 5 years, after which 50% of patients die.
prevention
The prevention of high blood pressure should be considered a healthy lifestyle, which includes:
- Eradication addictions;
- increased physical activity (morning gymnastics, sports);
- immunity strengthening
- balanced diet with reduced fat and salty foods;
- normalization of body weight;
- mastery of the methods of psychological relief;
- regular medical check-ups.
control of pressure and pulse rate should be regularly done in the home by using a tonometer. If necessary, carry out timely treatment of hypertension.
