Diuretics - a diuretic, which are used as in swelling and kidney diseases and pathologies of the cardiovascular system.
Receiving diuretic drugs at high pressure has a hypotensive effect and contributes to reduce vascular tone. When long-term therapy or a contraindication to the use of medicinal diuretic drugs can be replaced folk remedies.
Operating principle
The principle of operation is based on diuretics braking process of reabsorption in the renal tubules.
Per day in the renal glomeruli is filtered over 150 liters of fluid, but the majority (99%) absorbed back into the bloodstream through the kidney tubules. This process is called primary urine reabsorption. To double the number of secondary urine which is discharged to the outside, it is necessary to reduce the amount of fluid reabsorbed by only 1%.
Together with the liquid in the tubules also absorbed ions of several trace elements (sodium, potassium and chlorine). To reduce the overall reabsorption of active components diuretics reduce the reabsorption of sodium ions, and the liquid follows a more osmotically active chemical element.
When fading water and mineral salts reduces the amount of extracellular fluid, which causes the hypotensive action of drugs.
Drug therapy, which includes drugs, diuretics, is one of the most effective and safe methods of treatment of hypertension. Due to the different active components of the drugs involve neuropathic, renal, cardiovascular, and other antihypertensive mechanisms and have a complex effect on the body.
Why it helps with pressure
By limiting suckback mineral salts in the blood and stimulates excretion of liquid diuretic reduces pressure on the tissue vascular wall.
The hypotensive effect is not the main reason for the appointment of diuretics, but allows them to be an important part of treatment for hypertension. Because large amounts of urine excretion volume of water in the body is decreased by 2-4%. When reducing the amount of interstitial fluid required force decreases cardiac output and the load on the heart, reduced systolic blood pressure in large vessels.
Intensive excretion of sodium ions not only reduces the amount of fluid in the body, but also reduces peripheral vascular tone walls. This enhances vascular lumen and reduce blood pressure.
Assigning diuretics in hypertension, the physician takes into account the efficiency of the basic antihypertensive drugs (beta-adrnenoblokatorov, calcium channel blockers), the presence of risk factors (hypertensive crises, A high probability of heart attack and stroke), and the mechanism of action themselves diuretics.
basic drugs
Diuretics used in hypertension, classified according to the application point of action and effectiveness.
Full list diuretic tablets includes means, different from the intensity and mechanism of action. The names of basic drugs and their mechanisms of action are provided below.
thiazide
Diuretics thiazide drugs group act on the distal tubule, which is not the main portion of transport of sodium ions. They are characterized by a moderate and mild diuretic activity influence, but have a lower efficiency than the loop diuretics.
Use of thiazide diuretics for hypertension better, which is not accompanied by sharp jumps or high blood pressure. Most preferred agents of this type are in the early stages of disease development.
By thiazide diuretics group includes the following:
- chlorthalidone;
- Dihlortiazid;
- hydrochlorothiazide;
- Hydrochlorothiazide.
Thiazide diuretics advantage is the possibility to use a long and reception mode (1 per day). A disadvantage of this group of drugs is the excretion of potassium and magnesium salts at increased diuresis (urine excretion).
kalisberegate
The point of impact of potassium-sparing diuretics are the distal tubule and collecting ducts. The mechanism of their effect is based on the competitive substitution of aldosterone (a hormone which stimulates sodium and fluid retention) or closing sodium channels (decreasing permeability of cell membranes for ions sodium).
The group of potassium-sparing diuretics include:
- Spironolactone (Veroshpiron);
- triampur;
- amiloride;
- triamterene;
- Aldactone et al.
The use of potassium-sparing drugs for hypertension does not cause myalgia, fatigue, weakness, paresis and other symptoms associated with hypokalemia. However, they do not have a good diuretic and antihypertensive activity and are therefore used only in combination with other drugs.
As with thiazide means drinking potassium-sparing drugs must be 1 time per day. They differ cumulative effects: a diuretic effect is evident within 2-3 days after the start of the reception.
loop
Loop diuretics act directly on the loop of Henle - part kidney cells, which transport of sodium ions occurs most actively. During braking this process decreases ions pool that is reabsorbed back into the blood and excretion of microelements sharply increases.
Individual loop diuretics (ethacrynic acid, furosemide) affect all portions of the nephron, which leads to their high efficiency.
For drugs that reduce the amount of non-cellular fluid through the influence of a loop of the nephron are:
- Furosemide (Lasix);
- Torasemide (Diuver);
- piretanide;
- ethacrynic acid (Uregei);
- Bumetanide.
Use loop diuretics for hypertension is necessary as an emergency action. They prescribe short courses for the rapid treatment of severe edema, prevention of related disorders and reduce the risk of deterioration of the condition of the patient with hypertension and heart failure.
combined
Combined diuretics administered to patients who suffer from hypertension of 2-3 degrees. They combine several components with different mechanisms of action (eg, thiazides and potassium-sparing agents) which enhance the effects of each other.
The most common combination therapy are:
- Diursan Meath, Moduretik (amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide);
- Vero Triamtezid diazide, Triam Caux (hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene);
- Isobars (methyclothiazide and triamterene).
Taking diuretics combined composition is recommended in cases where the monocomponent drugs with fewer side effects do not have the required actions.
Admission is recommended to start with the lowest dose, gradually (not more than 1 time in 2 weeks), increasing the daily dose of the drug.
Folk remedies
Diuretics on the basis of herbs and berries can be an effective complement to conventional treatment or a soft alternative therapy in the early stages of hypertension. Formulations medicinal plants possess weak diuretic exposure and allocated in a separate group of diuretics.
Despite the seeming harmlessness, use home diuretics for hypertension should be only after consultation with your doctor.
berries
Diuretic properties have many infusions, teas, based on berries. The most effective of these are:
- strawberries;
- juniper;
- cranberry;
- viburnum;
- briar;
- cranberries.
Due to the high potassium content has diuretic properties and most large berry - watermelon.
For the preparation of a useful diuretic for hypertension need to grind 2-3 tablespoons fresh berries (viburnum, cranberry, cranberries, Juniper) or crushed dried rose hips, fold them in a thermos, pour 300-400 mL of hot water and left to night. Ready means to drink in 3-4 hours.
herbs
Diuretic properties have the following herbs:
- hibiscus flowers (Hibiscus);
- black seed;
- bearberry leaves;
- herb horsetail;
- Birch buds;
- lingonberry leaves;
- stems and leaves capitate lespedeza;
- orthosiphon leaves;
- dandelion root;
- cornflower flowers;
- burdock root;
- elder leaves et al.
The most effective herbal diuretics to the treatment of hypertension prepare the following recipes:
- 1 tablespoon juniper berries, birch buds and dandelion roots. To prepare pour the resulting mixture was 200 ml of boiling water, warmed on a steam bath for 10-12 minutes and filter. Infusion take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.
- 1 part of leaves, cranberries and nettle, horsetail herb, lemon balm and parsley seeds. For drugs to fall asleep 3-4 tablespoons mixture in a thermos, pour 500 ml hot water feed and infuse for 8-12 hours. Ready means for taking 100-150 ml 3 times per day after meals.
- 1 part of bearberry leaves and flowers of cornflower, burdock root and leaves of bilberry. To prepare pour 1 tablespoon vegetable raw materials 200 ml of boiling water, cover and leave for 15-20 minutes. Thereafter, cool, filter and use of 100 ml, 2 times a day.
Duration of treatment with drug and folk remedies determined by the physician. Potent diuretics used for several days, and herbal preparations can be used for several months. Weak diuretics should be used in combination with diuretics moderate and strong action.
