Massive stroke - a severe impairment of blood circulation in the brain. With this disease there is necrosis of brain areas, but due to hypoxia killed his cell. If affected the vital centers of the brain, it often comes death.
Causes
Stroke is a severe one for acute stroke. Nerve cells that no longer receive oxygen and nutrition, are killed. Because of this, it suffers many important reflexes. For example, in a patient impaired speech, vision, hearing, he can not move his legs and arms, it ceases to control the processes of defecation and urination.
If the lesions are small, then the timely treatment of people is restored. Sometimes health problems are incurable. If the die parts of the brain that are responsible for the regulation of breathing and heartbeat, the rapid onset of acute cardiac or respiratory failure, leading to death.
Seeing that such a massive stroke, you need to know what factors contribute to its development. This will help to prevent or predict the occurrence of serious condition. There are many factors causing the occurrence of a major stroke; The following causes of disease:
- Arteriosclerosis. When the plaques begin to increase in size, that completely cover the lumen of the vessel. Because of this part of the brain ceases to receive nourishment.
- Hypertensive crisis. Because of the pressure surges may occur vascular rupture and hemorrhage under the lining of the brain.
- A sharp pressure reduction. This leads to a deterioration in blood flow and the occurrence of stroke.
- Thromboembolism. Lumen of the vessel becomes blocked by a blood clot, impairing blood flow.
- Blood clots in cerebral vessels, which were formed as a result of taking of alcoholic drinks, some drugs (anabolic steroids, oral contraceptives, etc.).
Factors that increase the risk of a massive heart attack of the brain include:
- diabetes;
- bad habits;
- high cholesterol;
- obesity;
- irregular heartbeat;
- hypertension;
- stressful situations;
- dehydration.
Symptoms and signs of
neurological symptoms occur in the vast brain stroke:
- Severe headaches.
- Impairment of consciousness up to coma.
- Slurred speech.
- Memory losses. Often people can not remember the names of objects.
- Forking objects in the eyes, flashing a variety of spots, the pupils cease to react to light.
- Noise and a sense of fullness in the ears.
- Paralysis of the muscles on one side of the body. The patient is disturbed facial expression on one side of the face, he could not raise his hand or foot. If left paralyzed half of the body, then it hits the right hemisphere of the brain.
When you see these signs of an urgent need to see a doctor because This can help prevent stroke development, extensive cerebral infarction and minimize the consequences of disease.
Treatment
If diagnosed with extensive brain infarction, the treatment begins immediately. The patient is hospitalized, if the condition is severe - transferred to the intensive care unit. Support and adjust the basic life functions. If a person can not breathe, spend tracheal intubation and connect the ventilator. Doctors monitor the pressure in the bladder catheter set. Performed administration of solutions, parenteral nutrition is performed if necessary.
If the patient has pulmonary edema occurred, then injected corticosteroids (prednisolone). To reduce the dying tissues and the save area viability of brain tissue is performed hemodilution solution reopoliglyukina which dilutes the blood. Trental drug improves cerebral blood circulation. Also, normalize heart rhythm.
To prevent the development of thrombosis, administered thrombolytics, anticoagulants (Heparin). Be sure to monitor the blood clotting system with a view to the prevention of bleeding. Restore the functioning of the nervous preparations cell Cere and Cortexin that can improve motor ability of affected limbs.
The operation is prescribed in case the aorta was torn, and there was a brain hemorrhage. During the accumulation of blood was removed by surgery.
The disease threatens
The consequences of stroke are often severe. If struck by both hemispheres, the disease may face:
- partial amnesia;
- disorders of coordination and orientation;
- partial or complete paralysis of the lower or upper limbs;
- speech disorder;
- total or partial loss of vision.
The consequences of a massive stroke of the right hemisphere of the brain include:
- paralysis of the left side of the body;
- memory disorder;
- state of apathy;
- partial or complete loss of vision.
In addition, with extensive ischemic stroke of the right hemisphere can develop complete or partial paralysis of the left side of the body.
If there was a hemorrhage in the left hemisphere of the brain, there are complications:
- a mental disorder;
- complete or partial paralysis of the muscles of the right side of the face and body;
- speech disorder;
- inability to think logically.
How many live after attack
As evidenced by medical statistics, impact and chances of survival after a massive stroke is observed in 65-70% of cases, but only if you were not impressed by the vital centers of the brain. In this case, equal to 95% mortality. Among the survivors, in most cases there are serious consequences, leading to disability.
At time begun treatment prognosis after stroke left cerebral hemisphere is 20%. The same figures are also observed at a hemorrhage in the right hemisphere. If the patient is in a coma, the survival rate is observed in 10%.
It is extremely dangerous to the development of recurrent stroke. If after the first attack patient lives about 9 years, the life expectancy after a second stroke is 2-3 years.
