Hypertension 1 degree, symptoms and treatments that everyone should know, there is under the influence of internal and external factors. The disease is diagnosed as the elderly and young people. The cause of the disease is possible to identify not always. This greatly complicates the treatment.
Causes
The risk of developing hypertension with probability 1 depends on the number of influencing factors provoking organism.
The more, the higher the risk to get hold of a dangerous disease of the cardiovascular system.
Possible causes of essential hypertension 1 degree include:
- Genetic predisposition. The risk of developing the disease is assessed as high, if hypertension is present in the patient's close relatives - parents, grandparents. The more relatives suffering hypertension, the higher the risk.
- Sexual identity. The disease is most often found in men.
- Age-related changes in the body. Hypertension develops against the background of reducing the elasticity of the vascular walls, seen in patients older than 40 years.
- Pregnancy. Increases the volume of blood circulating in the body with a consequent increase in arterial pressure.
- Stress. Psychoemotional overload lead to increased level of extractable adrenal epinephrine. Substance quickly constricts blood vessels, increasing the resistance of the walls.
- Taking certain medications. Increased pressure contributes to the use of hormonal contraceptives, antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
- Bad habits. Substances contained in alcoholic beverages and tobacco smoke, causes involuntary contractions of vascular walls.
- Atherosclerotic vascular lesions. Develop with increasing cholesterol levels in the blood. Substance forms plaques occlusive arterial lumens.
- The presence of chronic diseases. Hypertension stage 1 occurs against a background of diabetes, disorders of the hypothalamus functions, pyelonephritis, acute renal failure, adrenal gland inflammation, pituitary or thyroid glands.
- Excess of salt in the diet. Eating salted food and cause spasm of the arteries leading to fluid retention.
- Sedentary lifestyle. It helps to slow down the metabolic processes that lead to dysfunction of the cardiovascular system.
- The presence of excess weight. It leads to disruption of blood flow, accompanied by an increase in pressure.
- Changing weather conditions.
- Chronic lack of sleep.
risk groups
The following risk of hypertension:
- Hypertension is a risk of 1 degree 1. Characterized by the appearance of symptoms of mild, 10% of cases accompanied by a disturbance of visceral functions. pathology elimination presents no special difficulties, sometimes quite correct lifestyle and compliance with a special diet.
- Hypertension 1 2 degrees of risk. Different medium severity. Characterized by increased probability of complications in the form of a stroke or heart attack. Identify the disease helps regular pressure measurement. The clinical picture of this form of hypertension include neurological disorders. At this stage, the disease is still amenable to standard therapy. To relieve symptoms and medication use support techniques (physiotherapy, diet, exercise).
- Hypertension is a risk of 1 degree 3. The probability of occurrence of ischemic lesions of the brain and heart in such cases is estimated at 30%. This form of hypertension is a dangerous disease that requires immediate treatment. Pick up the medicines the doctor can only. Drug correction helps to maintain the pressure at a normal level and prevents the formation of dangerous complications.
- Hypertension 1 step risk 4. It has the most severe course. The likelihood of complications is greater than 40%. When this degree of hypertension and the risk of 4 appear pronounced signs of lesions of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Patients should undergo regular examinations and receive medical therapy.
symptoms
Typical manifestations occur already in hypertension one step.
Symptoms of hypertension 1 degree include:
- headaches, dizziness;
- pulsation in the temples;
- nausea;
- constant fatigue, decreased performance;
- vascular insufficiency;
- constriction of capillaries, accompanied by cyanosis of the skin of hands and feet;
- heart palpitations;
- sweating;
- protein in the urine;
- swelling of the face and lower extremities;
- decreased visual acuity;
- violation of the sensitivity and the cold snap of fingers;
- vasodilation fundus;
- sudden blood pressure drop (in some cases, the amplitude is 60 pcs.);
- pain in the left side of the chest;
- shortness of breath;
- signs of renal dysfunction (frequent urination, fluid retention, febrile syndrome).
When the above symptoms fit of hypertension accompanied by increased headache, vomiting, urinary retention and chair, breathing problems, irritability. Crisis may last from several hours to several days.
Diagnostics
examination of a patient with suspected plan hypertension first degree includes the following procedures:
- blood pressure monitoring. The change indicators should be within 30-60 days. At step 1-2 the disease pressure surges are intermittent. The diagnosis is the detection of 3-5 cases of elevated BP. Sometimes monitoring can take 6 months.
- Fundus examination. Hypertension revealed slight expansion and tortuosity of vessels.
- Peripheral vascular ultrasound. It has been a slight slowing of blood flow in the vessels of the lower limbs and renal arteries.
- X-ray examination of the chest. Pathological changes in the heart muscle and the large vessels in the early stages of the disease can not be detected.
- Echocardiography. Changes in the status of the heart muscle (thickening of the left ventricular wall) in the first stage of hypertension is not detected.
- Abdominal ultrasound. It is used to detect the possible causes of the disease.
- Laboratory research. In the diagnosis of the disease applied general and biochemical blood tests, lipidogram (definition ratio LDL and high density), blood sugar level on a study and potassium, analysis urine.
Treatment
Hypertension can be cured only if lifestyle changes. The patient must give up bad habits and start eating right, enter into the daily routine of moderate exercise.
If the pressure is increased continuously applied drugs and physiotherapeutic methods.
physiotherapy techniques
At the initial stage of hypertension treatment methods involves the use of hydro and thermotherapy. Reduce blood pressure, help to the following procedures:
- Bath. The air temperature must not exceed 50 ° C. The procedure normalizes the nervous system, promotes the excretion of toxins and excess fluid.
- Carbon bath. Carbon dioxide has a beneficial effect on the heart and blood vessels, contributes to the normalization of blood pressure. The method is used to treat hypertension one stage of atherosclerosis, post-infarction complications.
- Foot baths. Legs alternately immersed in hot and cold water. Begin with exposure to high temperature. It increases the effectiveness of therapy massage.
Medications
Hypertension 1 degree for treating tablets using the following:
- ACE inhibitors (ramipril, enalapril);
- calcium channel blockers (verapamil);
- diuretics (spironolactone);
- beta blockers (atenolol).
Drugs in each group have an impact on those or other mechanisms for increasing blood pressure. Selection means by which to treat hypertensionIt depends on the general state of the organism. The doses and dosage regimen of drugs for hypertension composed step 1 physician. In some cases, drugs have to be used for life.
Folk remedies
For the treatment of hypertension in the early stages of use of the following popular recipes:
- Garlic infusion. 2 cloves finely cut and pour 200 ml of warm water. After 12 hours, filter and means taken in the morning on an empty stomach. The course of treatment lasts a month.
- Tincture of pine cones. Raw materials harvested in the summer. 100 g of the washed cones was placed in a glass jar and poured 0.5 liters of vodka. Means insist 21 days, then strain through cheesecloth. Take tincture for 1 hour. l. half an hour before each food intake. The liquid may be diluted with water or poured into tea.
- Lemon with honey and cranberries. Lemon ground on a grater, 1 tbsp. l. the obtained mass is mixed with the same amount pureed cranberry and 1 cup of fresh honey. The mixture was consumed for 1 st. l. in the mornings and evenings.
- carrot juice. It contains substances that reinforce the vessel walls and normalize blood circulation. Fresh juice drink in the morning with 200 ml.
Ration at disease
In the treatment of early stage hypertension excluded from the diet spicy and salty foods, convenience foods, beef and pork products, soft drinks, grilled meat and fish, strong tea and coffee.
The diet includes fresh fruits and vegetables, dietary meat (veal, rabbit), lean fish and fresh juices. These products make up a deficiency of vitamins, helping to avoid exacerbation of chronic diseases. In the early stages of hypertension is treated easily. Dieting helps to keep the disease in remission.
