Scabies in adults and children: signs in the photo, treatment, complications

The disease that affects the skin with a characteristic intense itching and is caused by a parasite - scabies, called scabies.

Scabies is considered to be highly contagious (infectious) disease. It accepted that scabies - a disease of people leading asocial way of life, but statistics show that it can catch the representatives of all walks of life.

The disease affects both adults and children. However, most often diagnosed in children scabies.

Kinds

According to the course of the disease there are several types of mange:

Typical scabies;

• It is the most common form of the disease, occurs with patognomichnymi (ambiguous) signs of scabies.

Scabies without strokes;

• characteristic feature of this form of the disease is the lack of the main feature - burrows. Instead, they are present vesicles are about 2-3 mm in circumference. This kind of disease is found in those who have had contact with the patient, but the infection was not adult ticks and their larvae.

Scabies "cleanly";

• This form of the disease is typical for people who have the habit of frequently wash, or else there is a need to wash speeded by the nature of work. Active flows scabies view as well as a typical shape, but the symptoms are less pronounced owing to mechanical removal of most of the mites.
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Norwegian scabies;

• the most severe and highly contagious form of the disease. On the skin of the patient parasite up to one million adult ticks, while in normal scabies have less than 15-20 individuals. He reminds his views psoriasiform dermatitis, pronounced hyperkeratosis skin (epidermal growth of the upper layer), and no itching. It is often diagnosed in people with weakened protective forces of the organism (HIV-infected TB patients), as well as people with mental illness and drug addicts.

Nodular scabies;

• characterized by the formation of the skin or bluish brown hardenings, which reach 2-20mm in diameter, and maintained for several weeks even after treatment. Ticks in knots at the same time no.

Psevdosarkoptoz (psevdochesotka);

• This form of the disease is inherent in individuals, the infection which was not from man, but from the animals. The main feature - a pronounced itching and lack of burrows. This form of self-limiting after a person has stopped contact with infected animals.

Complicated scabies;

• a form typical of scabies, which treatment is not carried out, is characterized by the addition of a secondary infection.

Causes

It causes skin parasite disease, it is possible to see only under a microscope - itch mite. The name of the tick has received from the Greek word that means "to chew the meat."

Infection occurs only on the sick person or his personal belongings, so the main way transmission is scabies contact-household, it is possible to become infected by a handshake or by using infected his clothes and personal of things. Children often become ill while sleeping in the same bed with parents infected by communicating with their peers in close games.

The disease is seasonally, scabies frequency increases during the fall and winter. This is due to two factors:

• firstly, the mite dies quickly in a dry and warm air (+21^about and higher);
• Secondly, during the cold season there is overcrowding of people and their closer contact.

Of particular importance in the modes of transmission of the tick is attached to sexual contact, and some sources in this regard include the disease to infection, sexually transmitted.

symptoms of scabies

The disease develops, or a few hours after infection (when the skin get adults) or 7-12 days after it. Also, the rate of development of clinical manifestations of scabies affected:

• the number of ticks that have come on the skin;
• habit of a person to clean;
• reactivity.

Patognomichnymi signs of scabies are:

• itching;
• available itch moves;
• typical location of clinical symptoms.

Photo: site of the Department of dermatology Tomsk Military Medical Institute

Itching occurs or is worse at night, this is due to the activity of scabies, it is at this time the female crawling on the skin surface for mating, the digging of new moves and laying eggs. The longer the disease occurs, the higher the number of ticks, and therefore, the stronger becomes itchy.

Another common symptom of scabies is the presence of burrows. Moves look like towering above the surface lines (and possibly curves) lines having dirty whitish or gray, 1-10 mm long. The moves are usually paired. In the place where the course ends (closed end), visualized the vial in which the female is localized. Through the bubble it's like a dark point. If you join a secondary infection, abscess and bubbles turn into pustules. When combing strokes and pustules are covered with a crust that can be serous or purulent, rarely - hemorrhagic.

Photo: site of the Department of dermatology Tomsk Military Medical Institute

Mangy moves are often located in places where the skin is more delicate and subtle. Their favorite localization accounts for interdigital areas, the lateral surfaces of the fingers, the inside of the wrist, men - on the scrotum and penis. As the disease progresses itch moves found on the elbows, feet, armpits, under the breasts in women, navel, waist and buttocks. In the end, the process involved all skin covers the body except the face and the hair on the head area.

Scabies in children

Photo: site of the Department of dermatology Tomsk Military Medical Institute

scabies Clinic in children does not differ from the manifestations of the disease in adults, but more severe, and the defeat of the skin faster. Very soon all the baby's skin is covered with crusts and itch moves, including the face and scalp. When the disease to the baby, the scabies even extends to the nail plate: they become thick, loosened and tend to crack. In addition, in children a higher percentage of joining a secondary infection, which is associated with unformed immune.

Diagnostics

Photo: site of the Department of dermatology Tomsk Military Medical Institute

It is necessary to carry out the differential diagnosis of scabies, to distinguish it from the symptoms of scrapie, neurodermatitis, Trombiculosis, scabies and grain psevdochesotki.

For the diagnosis of disease using laboratory research methods by which the availability is established scabies mite:

• itch mite extract conventional manner - with a needle - and subsequent viewing it under a microscope;
• thin slices of the stratum corneum in the area itch course, possible to determine how the mite and its eggs;
• layered scraping near the blind end of the course as long as no blood appears, after which the resulting material was examined under a microscope;
• applying to the skin an alkali solution as a result it is macerated (softened), and performed its sampling microscopy.

It helps detect itch moves and tincture of iodine. When painting the damaged skin moves become brown and appear as dark lines on a light background of the skin (it is light brown). You can also view the location of intended moves localization videodermatoskopom (magnification 600 times).

scabies treatment

Scabies carries dermatologist. In any case should not be treated independently, as you can start the process or not to treat scabies, and disease that is similar to it.

For the treatment of the following drugs are used:

• benzyl benzoate. Ointment or soap aqueous slurry treated skin for 2-5 days;
• Sulfuric ointment. Once a day, at bedtime for 5-7 days ointment rubbed into the affected areas;
• spreagel. Spray the affected skin is processed by 3 days, if necessary, repeat the treatment after 10 days;
• crotamiton. Affected surface lubricated cream 2 times a day for two days;
• lindane. Lotion smeared whole skin, the drug is left to 6 hours is applied singly;
• permethrin. With lubricated cotton swab affected areas, the duration of treatment 3 days;
• Ivermectin. Damaged skin ointment once processed, if necessary, the treatment is repeated after 14 days.

For successful treatment of disease must observe the rules:

• treatment is required for all people who live together, it must be carried out simultaneously;
• Nails should be cut short;
• drug treatment should be carried out with bare hands, as they are often involved in the process;
• formulations applied at bedtime when the pathogen activity increases;
• before therapy and after it should wash;
• Underwear and bed changed daily;
• Control check-up is carried out after 14 days.

Consequences and outlook

Scabies can lead to the following complications:

• pyoderma;
• post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis;
• rheumatism (seldom);
• furunculosis;
• abscesses;
• microbial eczema;
• allergic dermatitis.

In rare cases may develop:

• impetigo;
• pyogenic pneumonia;
• septicemia;
• funny faces;
• felon.

The prognosis for timely and quality treatment is favorable.