A sprain is one of the most pressing and common causes that limit physical activity of people with active lifestyles.
The main causative factor of stretching ligaments is acute traumatic injury called tension or an excessive load for a long time - strain.
manifestations
There are three degrees of gravity stretching ligaments:
- I degree - a little pain because of rupture of several bundles of fibers.
- II degree - moderate pain, swelling and disability.
- Grade III - severe pain due to ligament rupture and subsequent instability of the joint.
Stretching muscles in turn is traumatic injury of the muscle fibers themselves or compounds of muscles and tendons and is further classified according to three degrees of severity:
- I - moderate.
- II - the average degree of damage is related to the weakness of the affected muscles, its painful cuts.
- III - complete break muscles and tendons of the compound manifested by severe pain, and the inability to reduce the injured muscle.
Repetitive movements during continuous operation give rise to damage of the "surge" in people of certain professions. Approximately 10-20% of musicians, typists, cashiers and workers complain conveyor relapses ligament sprains, among athletes, this percentage ranges from 30 to 50.
Sprains due to overexertion (overtraining) are divided into four levels:
- Grade I - the pain only after physical activity.
- II degree - pain during and after physical exertion, without affecting the result.
- III degree - pain during and after physical exertion, which affects the result.
- IV degree - constant pain, breaking the daily physical activity.
It should also be noted that the failure of the tendon apparatus may take the form of "tendinitis", "tendinous" and "tenosynovitis".
Tendonitis occurs because tendon injuries and destruction of its associated blood vessels and inflammation.
tendinosis - is a non-inflammatory lesion within the tendon fibers, which can lead to partial or complete rupture of the tendon.
Tenosynovitis - an inflammation of the membranes okolosuhozhilnoy.
The most common types of sprains due to overexertion (overtraining):
- ligaments - "elbow baseball", "swimmer's knee", "jumper's knee";
- tendon - inflammation of the Achilles tendon, verhnenadkolennikovogo tendon, the tendon of the biceps, posterior tibial tendon, "tennis elbow".
"Tennis elbow" arises from overtraining and causes pain on the outer surface of the elbow. Patients usually associated with its occurrence game of tennis. Provocative move - forced extension of the middle finger of the hand against resistance - causes pain as muscles are attached to the base of the middle finger metacarpal.
"Golfer's elbow" - occurs when damage from over-training the flexor tendons of the forearm.
"The elbow baseball player" - this type of sprain occurs when frequent hand movement of the ball throw curve. The victim noted microfractures muscle tendons.
Friction Syndrome iliotibialnogo tract - is a pain on the outer surface of the knee joint due to irritation and inflammation. friction iliotibialnogo tract syndrome occurs at excessively intense running, running on rough terrain.
"Knee swimmer" - a condition that occurs in the knee joint due to sudden movements leg during breaststroke swimming.
"Jumper's knee" - the so-called inflammation of the patellar tendon. Common in high jumpers, basketball and volleyball. Characterized by pain in the lower pole of the patella, the patellar tendon at the site of attachment. Develops due to permanent damage to the art, when there is no recovery and healing of the injury.
Inflammation of the tendon of the biceps is manifested by pain in the front of the shoulder joint, which is enhanced by the movements of the shoulder joint.
Bursitis Patellar accompanied by pain, edema and local temperature increase in the bag of the patella, the patella is located superficially. It called bursitis repeated trauma or load as when kneeling.
Inflammation of the Achilles tendon manifested by pain in the heel, occasionally on the rear surface of pain legs. Foot flexion increases the pain, the most painful area is 2-3 cm above the place tendon connection to the calcaneus. The tendon may be edematous and thickened.
Also worth mentioning about this disease as "shin splints" - is damage from overtraining. Pain occurs in athletes at the start of the race, while running subsides and again strengthened after the end of the race. When the feeling is determined by pain on the posterior margin of the tibia, usually between the middle and bottom thirds.
treatment of sprains
Therapeutic treatment of damaged ligaments, tendons and muscles involves primary and secondary therapy.
Primary therapy:
- Protection against load
- Recreation
- Ice
- compressive bandage
- exalted position
- Support bandage
Secondary treatment of sprains:
- Physiotherapy
- Rehabilitation
- injections
- Physiotherapy
- anti-inflammatory drugs
The mainstay of treatment is early pain relief and anti-inflammatory treatment of soft tissue injuries. Ice effective as an antiinflammatory agent only in the first few hours after injury, then is preferable to use heat. Immobilization bus or a bandage may be used to enhance the protection of the injured limb or part of the load.
It is also necessary to use a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of tablets, preparations in these situations the various groups of about equally effective. Prolonged their use is recommended for chronic conditions overvoltage at an acute injury they are effective for 72 hours.
A very effective method of treatment of traumatic soft tissue injuries and sprains is local therapy using ointments and gels containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. Efkamon). Ointment rubbed into the skin of the affected area in an amount of 3-4 g 2-3 times per day and dry coated warming bandage. The duration of treatment depends on the nature and severity of the disease.
This article is based on information of breast cancer - Independent publications practitioners
