Malabsorption (malabsorption syndrome) disorders characterized by absorption in the small intestine of one or more nutrients and metabolic disorders appearance.
Allocate hereditary and acquired malabsorption syndrome.
The symptoms of malabsorption
Intestinal malabsorption: diarrhea, the presence in the feces undigested food residue, flatulence.
Common signs are: polyhypovitaminosis, osteoporosis and even osteomalacia in12-folievo- and Iron-deficiency anemia, Trophic changes of the skin, nails, gipoproteinemicheskie edema, atrophy of muscles, polyglandular failure.
The skin becomes dry, there is swelling, hair fall, increased brittleness of nails.
Due to the deficiency of vitamins appear: pain in the legs, insomnia, stomatitis, Bleeding gums, and anemia.
Signs related to the violation of electrolyte metabolism include heart palpitations, arterial hypotension, Thirst, dry skin, and language; pain and weakness in the muscles.
Changes of endocrine organs manifest violation of the menstrual cycle, the occurrence of impotence.
In the intestine there is a final step in the process of digestion and absorption of food, as well as allocating a number of substances.
The basis of the occurrence of digestive disorders is genetically caused or acquired by insufficient production of digestive enzymes of the small intestine. Moreover, there is a lack of synthesis of one or more enzymes or reducing their activity, or to change the biochemical reactions that affect the enzymatic activity.
Among congenital fermentopathia most common failure disaccharidase (lactase, sucrase, isomaltase et al.), Peptidases (glutenovaya enteropathy), enterokinase. Acquired fermentopathy observed in diseases (chronic enteritis, Crohn's disease, Diverticulosis, diverticulitis and with others.) And resection of the small intestine, other diseases of the digestive organs (pancreatitis, Hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver), And the endocrine system (diabetes, hyperthyroidism), And upon receipt of certain drugs (antibiotics, cytostatics, and others.) And irradiated.
Protein deficiency, vitamins, minerals in the diet, unbalanced nutrition can also lead to persistent indigestion process.
Suction disrupted for poisoning, blood loss, vitamin deficiency, radiation damage.
treatment of malabsorption
- restricted diet (exception) intolerable, indigestible and irritating products intestine;
- means stimulating digestion in the small intestine;
- correction of metabolic disorders;
- enzyme preparations;
- antidiarrheals;
- means normalizing the intestinal flora;
- symptomatic agents.
First of all it is necessary to treat the underlying disease. Due to the lack of activity of membrane digestive enzymes administered anabolic steroids (retabolil, Nerobolum) inhibitor phosphodiesterase - aminophylline, inductor lysosomal enzymes - phenobarbital that stimulate the processes of hydrolysis in a thin membrane intestine.
To correct the metabolic disorders administered iron preparations, vitamins.
In pankreatichekie enzymes (pancreatin mezimforte, triferment, panzinorm et al.) Are used as replacement therapy.
The antidiarrheal effect, in addition to binders and antibacterial drugs including intetriks and smektu give chelators - Polyphepanum, Bilignin et al.
When malabsorption syndrome associated with intestinal dysbiosisRecommend antibiotics (short courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics, eubiotics - Bactrim, naphthyridine derivatives - nevigramon and intetriks followed by application of such biological drugs as bifidumbakterin, colibacterin bifikol, laktobakterin.
In case of violation of intestinal absorption due ileum function disorder, prescribe drugs that nevsosavsheysya adsorb bile acids, facilitating release of faeces (lignin) or form with them in the intestine of non-absorbable complexes (cholestyramine), which also leads to increased excretion of their body.
Among symptomatic agents used in the sprue, - cardiovascular, spasmolytic, carminative, astringents, etc..
