Laryngitis - is an acute or chronic inflammation of the larynx. Laryngitis is an infectious, allergic, physical or mixed origin. It occurs at any age, but particularly dangerous in young children, because of anatomical features of the larynx can produce development false croup with suffocation and metabolic disorders.
Kinds
According to the current duration of laryngitis can be divided into
- acute, occur as an independent disease, or symptom of certain infections, processes and lasted no more than 1-2 weeks
- chronic begin gradually, lasts longer than 2 weeks, and sometimes for several months inhaling, the symptomatology is characterized by periods of exacerbation and damping,
- specific laryngitis, caused by specific infections (diphtheria, syphilis, tuberculosis), and nonspecific - microbial or viral laryngitis.
Causes
Laryngitis can be caused by physical factors - overstretch ligaments, shouting, singing, dust, air inhalation corrosive fumes supercooling - in which case it typically occurs as an independent disease.
Laryngitis can be of viral origin as a result of influenza, measles, adenovirus, and many of SARS, especially at an early age.
Perhaps microbial laryngitis, as one of the manifestations of other infectious diseases (scarlet fever, staphylococcus).
Laryngitis laryngeal edema can be the result allergies and acute anaphylactic reactions to medications, inhalation or ingestion of the allergen.
Chronic laryngitis may result from repeated pressing processes and undertreated, prolonged course of inflammation in the nasopharynx - (sinusitis, Adenoids). Chronic laryngitis promotes drinking alcohol and smoking, constant voltage voice while singing or loud talking.
Laryngitis often becomes an occupational disease announcers, singers, teachers and lecturers.
Laryngitis inflamed tissue of the larynx and vocal cords may occur loose tissue swelling around the throat, all this leads to the development of severe clinical symptoms.
symptoms of laryngitis
Common symptoms of laryngitis in violation of the general condition and state of health, fever and toxemia. At the same time revealed signs of infectious-inflammatory process in blood.
May be sore and discomfort in the throat, pain when swallowing food and saliva.
Strongly sits down vote up until it disappears or becomes very hoarse voice, quiet.
There may be a difficulty in breathing due to constriction due to spasm of the glottis, edema, and thickening of the vocal cords.
Symptoms of acute laryngitis (including children)
Acute Laryngitis with croup occurs mainly in young children, and begins abruptly, with shortness of breath and Karkala, barking dry cough, shortness of breath, blue face and extremities, sudden child's anxiety, low temperature. Such a condition requires immediate remedial measures and to help to prevent swelling.
four degrees of stenosis (narrowing) is allocated on the severity:
- first degree gives shortness of breath only when the excitement, physical exertion or cry. When listening to the lungs revealed elongation of inspiration and individual dry wheezing while inhaling.
- second degree gives shortness of breath at rest, may be indrawing of compliant places on the chest, a dry cough Carcano with nature noise and rattling, nasolabial triangle cyanosis, condition violation, agitation, tachycardia, decrease in pressure.
- third degree manifests a strong shortness of breath on inspiration with accessory muscles of breathing, lack of voice, strong cyanosis, thready pulse and palpitations, anxiety gives way to depression and lethargy, shallow breathing, wheezing in the lungs of many different character.
- fourth degree is the extreme severity of the condition - asphyxia, complete suffocation due to edema and spasm of the glottis. It requires immediate resuscitation, because as a child due to hypoxia loses consciousness and his disorder occurs all vital functions. There are convulsions, severe pallor, reduced pressure, the disappearance of the pulse, possibly fatal.
Symptoms of the chronic form
chronic laryngitis mainly manifested hoarseness and hoarseness, a change in its sonority, dryness and sore throat, cough or constant cough. During exacerbation of clinical manifested acute laryngitis.
Diagnostics
diagnostic base - an indication of the barking or croaking cough, shortness of breath and identify the noise in breathing, wheezing, shortness of breath and cyanosis (bluish skin).
Detailed examination conducts pediatrician or ENT doctor conducted general blood analysis and if necessary blood gas composition.
ENT doctor may perform direct laryngoscopy tool that will examine the state of the throat and ligaments, to reveal inflammation, edema or other pathological processes. If necessary, a diagnosis is carried out aiming video laringostroboskopiyu.
Must be distinguished from acute laryngitis croup diphtheria laryngeal tracheitis and other respiratory displays, it is also important to distinguish between infectious and allergic edema of the larynx, because treatment with these different.
treatment of laryngitis
Treatment of the acute form
Laryngitis, especially in young children, and requires the intervention of a physician. Used in the treatment of:
- antiviral and immunomodulating medications (Arbidol, viferon, tsikloferon, Kagocel) - it should be noted that the effectiveness of these drugs at the beginning of 2016 and has not been proven,
- inhalation therapy (inhalation Naphthyzinum and mineral water for removal of edema, inhalation with mineral water, steam inhalation, inhalation with ambroxol)
- with severe edema of the larynx and croup symptoms performed glucocorticoid therapy (dexamethasone, deksazon)
- application of anti-inflammatory drugs and expectorate (Erespal, fenspiride, abmrobene, Gerbion)
- hypoallergenic diet and rich alkaline water, calm, cool air and irrigation antiinflammatory throat sprays and antiseptics.
Treatment of chronic laryngitis
Base treatment of chronic laryngitis - gentle tapping mode, the use of alkaline inhalations and anti-inflammatory therapy, the use of aerosolized antibiotics, smoking ban, irritating foods and drinking.
Useful physiotherapy -electrophoresis with novocaine, UHF or ultraviolet irradiation of the neck. In the formation of nodules on the vocal cords shown their surgical excision.
Prediction and prevention
On average, acute laryngitis lasts 1-2 weeks and fully cured by the timely and correct treatment, favorable prognosis in it.
In chronic laryngitis prognosis less favorable in exacerbations gradually process progresses to the vocal cords, which leads to an inevitable change in voice. The process can lead to hoarseness, squeakiness voice and even complete aphonia.
