Conjunctivitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye (conjunctiva). Depending on the cause distinguish bacterial, viral, chlamydial, fungal, allergic conjunctivitis. The causative agents of bacterial conjunctivitis - staphylococci, Pneumococci, streptococci, Escherichia coli, gonococcus, diphtheria bacillus and Koch et al. Among the most common adenoviral viral conjunctivitis, herpetic conjunctivitis and measles et al.
Cause allergic conjunctivitis may be different allergens - infectious agents, drugs (atropine, quinine, morphine, antibiotics, physostigmine, pyridylpropionamide et al.), cosmetics, household chemicals, physical and chemical factors in the chemical, textile, flour-milling industry, at the sawmill, brickworks, as well as light energy and ionizing radiation in the electrical industry, the film industry, the operation of the X-ray installations.
There are conjunctivitis, developing as a result of direct action on the conjunctiva of various physical and chemical factors.
Development conjunctivitis may be associated with chronic diseases - inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, helminthic infestation et al.
symptoms of conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis symptoms depend on the cause of the disease, but all the forms are characterized by a number of common symptoms - swelling and redness of the conjunctiva age, presence of mucus or purulent discharge. Often, such as adenovirus and chlamydial lesions, there is the so-called follicular conjunctivitis, flowing with the advent of the conjunctiva small formations of translucent pale pink - follicles.
Acute conjunctivitis begins abruptly with pain or cramps, first one and then the other eye. Against the background of pronounced redness often observed petechial hemorrhages. It appears mucous, mucopurulent or purulent discharge. Acute conjunctivitis is accompanied by general malaise, fever and headache. Its duration varies from 5-6 days to 2-3 weeks.
chronic conjunctivitis It develops gradually, is characterized by persistent and prolonged course.
Patients complain of discomfort, foreign body sensation in the eye. Slightly reddened eyelids.
Kinds
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis characterized by severe photophobia, lacrimation. The conjunctiva is reddened, swollen, with point hemorrhages.
adenoviral conjunctivitis precedes or accompanies shock upper respiratory tract. The incubation period is 4-8 days. Begins acutely marked lacrimation, redness and conjunctival swelling, sometimes appear petechial hemorrhages. Discharge scanty, slimy character. Found rash small follicles on the lower transitional fold of the conjunctiva. Conjunctivitis is usually caused in one eye and after 1-3 days passes to the second, and the process proceeds to the second eye in the form of the lighter.
Epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis manifested by bleeding of the eyelids and the eyeball, which dissolve at different times depending on their size (point - in 3-6 days, extensive - 2-3 weeks).
fungal conjunctivitis caused by different types of fungi (actinomycetes, molds, yeast, etc.). The source of pathogens is the soil, some herbs, vegetables, fruits, as well as sick people and animals.
allergic conjunctivitis variety of different manifestations depending on the nature of the allergen. Drug conjunctivitis relatively common and usually develops within 6 hours after drug administration. Appear rapidly growing conjunctival edema, pruritus, burning sensation in the eyes, copious mucous discharge. A typical example is atopic conjunctivitis forms at hay fever. It is characterized by seasonality of exacerbations that occur in spring and summer during the period of flowering plants and trees, often accompanied by rhinitis. Affects both eyes; marked burning sensation, sharp pain, itching, tearing and photophobia, redness and swelling of the conjunctiva, excessive mucous discharge.
Diagnostics
The diagnosis of conjunctivitis is set based on characteristic clinical picture. To determine the cause of the data have a value such as, for example, contact with an allergen, the dependence of the sunlight, particularly flow (e.g., seasonality, availability malaise). The most informative direct microscopic and bacteriological smears and conjunctival discharge with determination of susceptibility to antibiotics, as well as cytology smears with conjunctiva.
conjunctivitis treatment
conjunctivitis treatment is carried out by an ophthalmologist.
When bacterial conjunctivitis for treating prescribed antibiotics in the form of drops (0.25% chloramphenicol solution, sodium sulfacyl). In the presence of copious discharge conjunctival sac washed furatsilina solution (1: 5000), potassium permanganate (1: 5000), as well as lay in his oletetrinovuyu 1% ointment (2-3 times a day in severe process, 1 time - when lung).
In the treatment of viral conjunctivitis designate human leukocyte interferon or interferonogen (pirogenal, Poludanum) in the form of injections into the conjunctival sac of 6-8 times a day, as well florenalevuyu 0.5%, 0.05% and other ocular bonaftonovuyu ointment.
Conjunctivitis caused by chlamydiaShown treatment with antiviral drugs and antibiotics tetracycline.
When treating topically a fungal conjunctivitis infusions depending on the kind of fungus administered nystatin, levorin, amphotericin B et al.
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis include topical application gormonav (hydrocortisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone), inside - allergy medications (Claritin, Telfast, suprastin, Tavegilum et al.).
Forecast
Conjunctivitis favorable prognosis; when involved in corneal process may decrease the visual acuity.
prevention
Prevention of conjunctivitis include personal hygiene and sanitary requirements in hospitals (Washing of hands and special processing 1% chloramine solution prior ophthalmic procedures, the use of the individual pipettes and et al.)
This article used materials Academic Medical Encyclopedia