Called urethritis acute or chronic inflammation in the urethra (the urethra) in men and women. Urethritis are one of the most common urological disease resulting from both infectious and non-infectious causes.
Causes
Urethritis are:
- infectious origin (microbial, viral, fungal)
- non-infectious (allergic, traumatic, scarring as a result of the ingress of foreign bodies, irritation resulting from sand or salts in urine, stagnant due to circulatory disturbances in pelvic).
Usually the impact of primary factor occurs rapidly joining a secondary infection and the formation of secondary infectious urethritis.
Infectious urethritis are divided into two major groups:
- specific caused by infections, sexually transmitted (gonorrhea, gardnerellez, trichomoniasis),
- nonspecific caused by intestinal microflora, or skin (E. coli, staphylococci, streptococci).
Specific urethritis are most likely to occur in young people, from 18 to 30-40 years, as a result of sexual contact with a patient, nonspecific urethritis can develop at any age.
Urethritis can occur explicitly and hidden, depending on the strength of the immune system and the features of the pathogen. Contributing factors are
- hypothermia,
- violation of personal hygiene,
- alcohol intake, and the presence of foci of infection.
For nonspecific urethritis can be an important factor in worsening urolithiasis the identification of the sand in the urine, metabolic crystallization urine, etc.
The symptoms of urethritis
The symptoms of urethritis in men and women may differ significantly due to anatomical features in the structure of the urethra.
In men, the urethra is longer, thinner and more convoluted, women - short and wide, it has a funnel shape. Pain receptors in men in the urethra is much more than women, and perceived pain in men differently. Urethritis in men usually occurs in isolation, as a separate disease, while women are often combined with urethritis cystitis.
Due to these characteristics in males process usually begins acutely, with very pronounced and acute manifestations, burning and unbearable pain and itching, while in women symptoms can vary from gradual and not very pronounced, to a sufficiently strong, but growing gradually. In some women the subjective symptoms of urethritis is generally absent in the presence of inflammation in the urethra.
The main symptoms of urethritis include:
- burning of the urethra,
- stinging during urination,
- pain in the urethra, especially in the initial part of the glans or in the labia majora,
- discharge from the urethral canal in the morning copious mucous or purulent character,
- unpleasant odor emissions.
In men, in the morning there may be a difficulty in urination due to a sticking between the jaws in the head of the penis, there are pronounced redness of the urethral orifice exit area. As an option the flow urethritis in males can be just unpleasant sensation during urination, with a feeling of sand or broken glass along the urethra.
Urethritis is usually limited to local manifestations, fever, malaise and weakness does not happen, which is why patients often practice self-medication, without resorting to specialists.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis and treatment of urethritis engaged urologists. Necessary to carry out inspection and sampling swab from the urethra, conducting of urinalysis and urine culture on the flora, with the determination of their sensitivity to antibiotics.
additionally appointed ultrasound of the bladder and kidneys, and even men and prostate to eliminate the infection go on these organs.
treatment of urethritis
The basis of treatment of urethritis in men and women of antimicrobial therapy.
The antibiotic is chosen based on the intended nature of the infection, with a correction as a result of crop - usually
- sulfonamides,
- norfloxacin,
- tetracyclines,
- erythromycin.
antibiotic often prescribed at the lowest possible reception, usually once or twice a day. The course of treatment an average of 5-10 days, depending on the severity of the disease. Treatment is carried out at home, under the supervision of a physician.
Additionally urological fees and uroantiseptiki, the substance can be assigned to the basic treatment chemical and plant origin, which have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects. Useful cranberry juice, leaf bearberry, kidney tea, uloresan and infusion of parsley.
It should drink enough fluid to maintain adequate urine output and wash decomposition products tissues and microbes or viruses.
It is important to observe and fairly restrictive diet, exclude categorically alcohol to a minimum to reduce salt intake, sharp and irritating foods, taking more plant foods and dairy, basified urine - worse germs survive in an alkaline environment.
At the time of treatment must abstain from sexual intercourse, and in identifying sexual infection, it is necessary to carry out the examination and treatment of the sexual partner. After a course of treatment it is necessary to supply test samples to make sure the infection is completely eliminated.
complications
If left untreated urethritis, its manifestation gradually subside and turn into chronic. The infection spreads deeper into the genitourinary system and affects the prostate and seminal vesicles, women goes to the bladder and prostate vestibule. Under the influence of provoking factors relapse of inflammation, infection can spread to the bladder, ureters and kidneys.
