Translated from the Greek "asthma" means "choking", "shortness of breath". Because they are associated with bronchitis, a more accurate title of "Asthma". This is one of the most common diseases of the modern world. Among adults, the disease is registered in more than 5% of cases; children are twice as likely. According to the latest data, the number of asthma patients in Russia is approaching 7 million. person.
Asthma knows no age boundaries. Recognized as a genetic predisposition to the disease. Often the family get sick a few people.
Diet patients must be sufficiently high-calorie, but it in no way should not promote overweight. You can not restrict liquid. From power shall be excluded products which, according to medical history, cause allergic reactions. Excluded and fish, raw cabbage, radish, citrus; with aspirin asthma contraindicated culinary and confectionery products - pills, creams, colored yellow food coloring (as it is possible the presence of tartrazine).
Physical therapy is widely used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory processes in the lungs and paranasal sinuses. It occupies a special place acupuncture. In some cases, it leads to long-term stable remission, and in exacerbations - helps to achieve improvement with less drug support.
Climatotherapy often contributes to asthma remission, especially in the young.
Risk factors children
- if a child is born with a low birth weight - less than 2.5kg;
- maternal smoking during pregnancy (increased risk of 1.39 with the consumption of 15 cigarettes a day);
- not to breastfeed.
Statistics say that probably a protective effect of breastfeeding is due not so much the fact of feeding themselves, but higher social status of families; male sex (increased risk for girls - 0.72).
Symptoms of asthma
The main manifestation of asthma are generally asthma or shortness of breath, and more difficult to exhale than inhale. Thus, frequently, there is wheezing, clearly audible in the distance. Exhalation becomes longer, sometimes 2-4 times exceeding the duration of breath. patient posture speaks for itself: he sits, slightly leaning forward, leaning on the edge of the bed hands; shoulders raised. At the beginning and end of an attack is often observed coughing. Man is restless, frightened, catching breath. The beginning and the end of an attack can be both sudden and gradual. If the attack is slow, then it may be a harbinger: multiple sneezing, runny nose, itching of the eyeballs, headache, depressed mood unmotivated. Mild forms of asthma are mainly atypical - worried about attacks of obsessive dry cough, "whistle" in the chest.
Diagnostics
In children, diagnosis of asthma is based on identifying symptoms such as episodic expiratory dyspnea, wheezing, feeling of constriction in the chest, coughing. The laboratory diagnosis is important to have: complete blood count, allergy tests and other tests.
Sometimes used bronchoscopy (examination bronchus using a special optical system).
Treatment of asthma
Treatment begins with a basic therapy: hormonal drugs, which include Intal (sodium cromoglycate) tayled (nedocromil) akolat (zafirlukast), ketotifen (Zaditen). These drugs have no effect if asthma attacks have already developed. They are able to prevent it.
Hormonal drugs (adrenocortical steroids) have effective anti-inflammatory effect rapid help as prevention of asthmatic attacks. Inhaled (bekotid, fliksotid, ingakort, benacort) forms are used for long-term treatment. Preparations in the form of tablets are appointed courses only in severe exacerbation.
There is still a lot more effective for the treatment of bronchial asthma, but their use should take place strictly under medical supervision. But no medication: physiotherapy (electrophoresisInductothermy, ultrasound, Amplipuls, ultraviolet irradiation), hyperbaric oxygen therapy, laser and ultraviolet blood irradiation. For medical uses efferent methods (hemosorbtion, plasmapheresis, Plazmatsitoferez). They are based on the blood is passed through a special device to change its quality. It also requires a stationary medical supervision. Other methods, such as reflexology, special breathing technique, therapy can be widely applied as outpatients.
prevention
First of all, it is necessary to protect the patient from contact with "guilty" allergen or provocateur attacks: dust, pollen, animal hair, certain foods, cigarette smoke, dusty mattresses and pillows, strong odors, including perfume, sprayed coatings, pollen trees and flowers, hypothermia and cold, all of which is conducive to the development of asthma.
Take your medications exactly as the doctor's advice. Even if you feel well, go to a preventive technique, as it should be - 2-3 times a year. Protect your home from allergens. This is - your planet, your living environment where you need to feel safe from asthma. It should not be a smoker! Passive smoking is harmful no less! Do not keep in the house odors. Our parents and grandparents did without household chemicals and less ill with bronchial asthma. Nicely, of course, when on the shelf in the bathroom line up pretty bottles and jars, but in this case from them more harm. The sharp smell should scare "asthma." Do not be afraid to take drugs for the treatment of bronchial asthma on a daily basis. Dependence is excluded, even if you take them for many years. These preparations expand bronchus, relieve swelling and inflammation of the bronchial walls, i.e. doing everything for a full life.
