Multiple sclerosis - a chronic, progressive and permanent brain and spinal cord damage. It is more common in women aged 20-40 years, but may be ill and men.
Most often suffer from multiple sclerosis residents server countries and regions.
Causes
The main reasons for the development of multiple sclerosis rank as viral infections that penetrate the nerve cells and are there in a dormant state - herpes, chicken pox, parotitis or measles. As a result of their periodic activation formed foreign prion protein inside nerve cells.
The body regards it as an antigen and generates an autoimmune disease. In this case, its own immune system gradually destroys the tissue of the nervous system, causing the progression of the disease. Outbreaks fracture may be formed in the brain or the spinal cord, the pockets may be acute, inveterate and recovery characteristics.
Aggravating factors for multiple sclerosis believe stress, autoimmune processes of another nature, allergy, Genetic predisposition and disruption of the enzyme.
Kinds
By gravity can be identified:
- lightweight, remitting multiple sclerosis
- remittiruyusche-progressive, moderate process
- heavy, progressive process
May have different shapes - spinal (spinal cord injury), cerebral (brain damage), eye, atypical.
Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis
Manifestations depend strongly on the location of the lesion, its extent and irregularities in the conduct impulses. In multiple sclerosis, the pulse circuit is interrupted, and nerve function portion may fall completely or partially.
The symptoms can be manifold, all depends on the period of remission or exacerbation.
Multiple sclerosis can indicate the following features:
- paresis and paralysis (partial or complete lack of movement in the extremities)
- hypertonicity of muscles (their sharp decline)
- compulsive and involuntary movements (hyperkinesia)
- visual disturbances, transient, and then fixed
In multiple sclerosis, sensory disturbances occur with tingling and numbness of fingers and toes, half of the body, a sense of the precariousness of the soil under feet, legs vatnost problems motions with severe stress in the feet and hands, or a complete lack of sensitivity and movement in the limbs with downs.
There may be problems of coordination, staggering, awkward hands and feet, tremor (trembling).
Perhaps the decrease in visual acuity in one or both eyes until the blindness, the black dots in the center of the visual field, a sense of turbidity, veil. This may be a violation of the eye movement with double objects and shake the eyeballs.
In some cases, multiple sclerosis is broken with the formation of urination enuresis, Warps half face decreases mouthfeel formed emotional anxiety, mood disorders are present, depression, euphoria.
In multiple sclerosis patients almost always complain of fatigue and exhaustion of any loads, sometimes a sense of the passage of current through the body, especially when bending forward.
MS symptoms may be exacerbated by exposure to heat - hot eating or drinking, bathing or showering, when visiting beaches.
Diagnostics
First of all, in cases of suspected multiple sclerosis requires consultation, examination and treatment by a neurologist.
On examination, the doctor will identify nystagmus and diplopia, changes in reflexes, pathological reflexes, problems with coordination, impaired urination and stool, traumatic brain damage and mental innervation Problems.
In addition, the survey is conducted by an ophthalmologist. But as sclerosis symptoms are similar to many other neurological diseases, necessary to carry out laboratory and instrumental diagnostics.
Blood and urine tests, immunologic and other studies are of secondary importance, precisely to discover the cause - areas, plaques of demyelination of nerve tissue - only possible on magnetic resonance tomography konrastitrovaniem.
It needs constant medical supervision and periodic surveys.
Differential diagnosis is essential to all neurological diseasesAs well as multiple sclerosis put most by exclusion of all other causes of neurological symptoms.
Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
Treatment of multiple sclerosis neurologists engaged, when the primary attack of illness requiring hospitalization in a specialized unit where appointed individual treatment plan.
Used drugs such as:
- hormones in large doses, intermittent courses of five days, in parallel with them to protect the gastric mucosa appoint omez or ranitidine, drugs and asparkam Panangin, vitamins
- used cytostatic therapy and plasmapheresis
- It can be assigned interferon (Avonex) to reduce relapses, reduce the severity of
- may be used immunosuppressive drugs to prevent destruction of nerve fibers - Copaxone
Additionally assigned nootropic therapy (nootropics piracetam), antioxidants, vitamin E, cardiovascular agents and sorbents.
In remission periods shown sanatorium therapy, therapeutic massages and physiotherapy, without thermal treatments and tanning.
Complications and prognosis
Multiple Sclerosis - is a progressive and incurable disease, it leads to severe disability due to paralyzes, cerebellar, visual impairment and mental. This occurs in the later stages and late begun treatment. In such cases, there may be disorders of blood circulation and breathing, respiratory paralysis and death of the patient.
For the prevention of multiple sclerosis is necessary to eliminate stress, overload, smoking and alcohol injury. To reduce the probability of acute administration of drugs requires lifelong interferon and Copaxone.
