Infection of the urinary tract microorganisms that cause ureaplazmoy is called urogenital ureaplazmozom. This disease occurs in both women and men, but by men they fall ill less often.
Ureaplasmosis particularly dangerous during pregnancy because it can lead to interruption or contamination of the child in utero and during the passage of the birth canal.
Kinds
Allocate fresh (acute, subacute and sluggish) and chronic ureaplasmosis, the last disease duration of more than two months.
Causes
The disease is a ureaplasma, located at an intermediate position between the bacteria and viruses. In favor of said virus its structure (does not have its own shell) and the ability to live inside cells, and bacteria ureaplasma have in common the presence of the core.
It refers to a ureaplasma opportunistic organisms and is normally present in the urogenital tract of men and women.
Activation and proliferation of microorganisms contribute to the following factors:
- disorderly sex life;
- neglecting contraception;
- a weakened immune system (antibiotics, chronic disease, HIV infection);
- with a history of genital infections;
- sexual initiation too young;
- chronic stress;
- conducting hormone replacement therapy;
- lack of vitamins, poor diet;
- pregnancy;
- abortion.
Ureaplasmosis transmitted sexually, although possible and vertical transmission (during pregnancy and during labor and delivery). To catch ureaplazmozom enough not to use mechanical means of protection (condoms) with a casual partner.
symptoms ureaplasmosis
The disease has an incubation period of, on average, it takes 22-26 days. In some cases, ureaplasmosis symptoms can appear within a week, and after two months.
Signs ureaplasmosis men
The first symptoms in men is inflammation of the urethra, which is characterized by a burning sensation and discomfort when urinating. Sometimes there is redness of the urethral sponge. These symptoms quickly disappear, but may reappear.
In addition, patients reported clear discharge from the urethra. In case of ascending infection develop (ignoring treatment) epididymitis (Very rare) and prostatitis.
Symptoms of prostatitis:
- aching pain over the pubis;
- frequent urination, especially at night;
- change in sperm quality;
- difficulty urinating;
- in more severe cases - sexual disorders (rapid ejaculation, erectile dysfunction).
Ureaplasmosis women
Women ureaplasmosis characterized by:
- the appearance of moderate muco-vitreous discharge from the genital tract;
- discomfort and pain in the abdomen;
- minor or moderate burning sensation in the vagina.
When lifting the infection affects above the cervix, uterus and appendages with all its attendant manifestations:
- stomach ache;
- pain during sex;
- contact spotting;
- problems with conception.
With the defeat of the urethra characterized by signs urethritis.
Ureaplasmosis during pregnancy
Ureaplasmosis during gestation in most cases are asymptomatic. Suspected disease helps permanent clear vaginal discharge and itching. But to examine pregnant women for infections, sexually transmitted diseases, it is necessary in the case of diagnosing intrauterine fetal growth and problems with the placenta (placentofetal failure, premature the aging of the placenta).
Ureaplasmosis during pregnancy is dangerous near its complications. These include:
- interruption of the threat;
- missed abortion;
- miscarriage;
- prenatal outpouring water.
In addition, it is possible intrauterine infection of the fetus and child transmission during birth.
In the postpartum period ureaplasmosis increases the risk of septic diseases (endometritis, salpingo-oophoritis).
Diagnostics
Ureaplasmosis requires differential diagnosis, to distinguish it from other genital infections, primarily from chlamydiaWhich also has oligosymptomatic flow.
Tests for women:
- Analysis of urine;
- Scrapings from the urethra, cervix and vagina.
Tests for men:
- Analysis of urine;
- Scrapings from the urethra;
- prostatic secretions (if indicated).
Diagnostic criteria is ureaplasmosis detection Ureaplasma spp. and leucocytosis (increase in white blood cells).
Of laboratory diagnostic methods are applied:
The culture (bacteriological).
The method consists in the crop of biological material (vaginal mucus, scrapings from the urethra and / or cervix) to the culture medium. The method is effective, since 100% of the time reveals the causative agent, determine its sensitivity to antibiotic, and which is especially valuable, count the number ureaplasmas in 1 ml of biological material (if titer It is 104 or less, then it is said carriers of, in such cases, treatment is not necessary, if more - require therapy).
PCR (polymerase chain reaction).
The most common way to diagnose the disease. He is to identify components of genetic parts ureaplasmas in biological material.
Serological analysis.
Revealing antibodies in blood ureaplasma (Method insufficient valuable, since antibodies may be formed as an acute process, and cured in humans).
* Read the specific information on the diagnosis and treatment can be ureaplasmosis Federal guidelineOn which this article is based.
ureaplasmosis treatment
Ureaplasmosis treatment of women engaged gynecologist men - urologist or andrologist.
First of all, in the treatment of disease is assigned a light diet (eliminate the sharp, salty, fatty and fried foods, alcohol) and imposed a ban on sexual intercourse during treatment. Undergo treatment, both sexual partners.
The main role in the play therapy ureaplasmosis antibiotics. It may be drugs of tetracycline (doxycycline), macrolides (azithromycin, josamycin), fluoroquinolones (tsiprolet, ciprofloxacin). Drugs are administered orally in tablets. course of antibiotics is 7-10 days.
Women further shows local therapy (candles with tetracycline and other antibacterial suppositories).
In addition, apply:
- immunostimulating agents (viferon, neovir);
- multivitamin complexes;
- natural immunomodulators (tincture of Echinacea, Siberian Ginseng, Schisandra, Hawthorn).
After a course of antibiotics is necessary the administration of drugs that normalize the intestinal flora (Linex, bifikol, bifidumbacterin).
Treatment during pregnancy
During pregnancy ureaplasmosis therapy begins in the second trimester and spend it only with antibiotics from the macrolide group (or vilprafen josamycin).
After completing the course of treatment tests for ureaplasmosis surrender again, and the complete absence of ureaplasma in the results are not is necessary because ureaplasma - conditionally pathogenic organism whose presence is allowed in a healthy body.
Consequences and outlook
Ureaplasmosis often runs hidden, therefore at high risk of complications such as:
- infertility male and female;
- chronic inflammation of the bladder and urethra;
- pyelonephritis;
- women's chronic endometritis, adnexitis;
- prostatitis in men, balanitis, epididymitis;
- disturbances in the sexual sphere.
Forecast at correctly spent treatment favorable.
* This article is written according to the Federal clinical guidelines for 2013. on the management of patients with urogenital diseases, caused by ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma hominis.