Chlamydia - is an infectious disease transmitted through sexual contact. Caused by bacteria Chlamidia trachomatis.
Chlamydia is widespread both among men and among women. In recent years, increasing the percentage infected with chlamydia children. According to statistics, the number of women suffering from chlamydiosis constitutes 30-60%, and about 50% males.
Kinds
Adrift distinguish fresh (sharp), chlamydia, which uncomplicated urogenital organs and chronic chlamydia (with complications of the genitourinary tract).
At the place of dislocation is divided into chlamydia lower urogenital tract (urethritis, bartholinitis, Endocervite, coleitis) And the ascending Chlamydia (endometritis, Inflammation of the appendages, pelvic inflammation, serohepatitis).
Causes
The causative agent of the disease is chlamydia - an intracellular parasite, which in its development cycle and resembles a virus and a bacterium. Incubation period for chlamydia ranges from 5-7 days to 3-6 weeks (an average of 20-30 days).
Allocate 2 modes of transmission of chlamydia:
- contact (often sexual, at least through consumer goods means: towels, bed linen);
- vertical (during pregnancy and during labor and delivery).
If gonorrhea infection occurs in 3 out of 4 cases after sexual contact with a patient, the infection chlamydia observed only in one out of 4 cases after intimacy with the carrier chlamydial infection.
Factors contributing to the spread of the disease:
- alcoholism, and drug use;
- malnutrition;
- frequent and indiscriminate change of sexual partners;
- early sexual activity;
- destruction of the environment;
- intrauterine manipulations;
- wearing an intrauterine device;
- unconventional sexual acts.
Symptoms of chlamydia in women
Chlamydia in women is characterized by a prolonged course, the lack of clear signs, tendency to relapse.
Clinical manifestations of non-specific chlamydia, similar to the symptoms of diseases caused by other microorganisms (trichomonas, gonococcus and others).
Acute phase of chlamydial endocervicitis characterized purulent or sero-purulent discharge from the cervix channel around the external os hyperemia and edema of the vaginal part of the cervix. Often separation have an unpleasant odor.
In addition, there may be periodic aching pain in the lower abdomen and during intercourse, as well as post-exposure spotting.
With the development of acute urethritis patients concerned dysuria (pain and burning during urination).
In the case of lesions of upper parts of the reproductive system, there are signs that are typical of endometritis, salpingoooforita and / or pelvioperitonita. In the acute stage, possibly fever. Upon infection, Chlamydia infection can not be ruled defeat a large gland vestibule with the development Bartholinitis or vaginitis.
Symptoms in men
With the defeat of the urethra in men develop urethritis (frequent and painful urination, itching, burning sensation in the urethra, purulent discharge and pain during sexual intercourse).
Possible penetration of chlamydial infection in the prostate with the development of prostatitis.
In the case of an ascending infection inflamed testicles - formed vesiculitis (Pain or discomfort in the perineum, sacral and inguinal areas in the testis), or the inflammation of the vas deferens and the spermatic cord - epididymitis (An increase in the amount of eggs, redness and pain in the scrotum).
Chlamydia during pregnancy
Most often during pregnancy at infection chlamydia infection chlamydia coleitis develops due to changes in the hormonal balance in the body. It is characterized by abundant yellowish or serous discharge from the genital tract, itching and burning to the vagina.
Chlamydia during gestation, previously untreated, and new-onset, the cause of many complications of pregnancy:
- spontaneous abortion;
- early and late toxicosis;
- premature rupture of membranes;
- miscarriage;
- horioamniotit, placenta;
- child transmission during childbirth in a natural way with the development of his conjunctivitis, bronchitis or pneumonia;
- the development of postpartum septic complications (endometritis and others).
Diagnostics
Recognition Chlamydia based on clinical data is difficult, we can only assume the presence of disease.
Chlamydia diagnosis is based on laboratory research methods, with several different research is needed (complex diagnostics). To investigate the scrapings are taken from the cervix and out of the urethra, blood, semen, urine.
chlamydia treatment
Both are subject to the treatment of sexual partner. During treatment it is necessary to eliminate sexual activity before obtaining negative laboratory tests, alcohol and spicy food, excessive physical and mental exertion.
Basis protivohlamidiynoy treatment is antibiotics. preference is given to
- antimicrobial tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline)
- macrolides (erythromycin, Sumamed, Clarithromycin).
Antibiotic treatment is appointed for a term of 21 days to "take over" 6 - 7 parasite development cycles.
Along with antibiotics appointed
- antifungals (Levorinum, Flucostat) for the prevention of fungal infection
- immunomodulators (Neovir, Tsiklovir, reoferon and others).
Local therapy for female chlamydiosis is achieved by introducing a tampon into a vagina tetracycline, erythromycin ointment or Dalatsin Ts
cure criteria set 4 weeks after treatment by taking tests (negative) in the absence of clinical signs.
Treatment during pregnancy
Treatment of chlamydia during pregnancy is of great importance, as this infection is almost always difficult for her.
Because antibiotics are selected only those which do not penetrate through fetoplacental barrier and, accordingly, can not harm the fetus. These drugs include antibiotics, macrolides (erythromycin, Sumamed and others).
But the timing of treatment of chlamydia during pregnancy significantly reduced from 10 to 14 days. Local, antifungal and immunostimulatory therapy selects obstetrician observing during pregnancy (treatment depends on the period of pregnancy complications and other factors).
complications
In view of the fact that the acute form of chlamydia rarely recognized and treated, and often asymptomatic, as a result, may develop the following complications:
- ectopic pregnancy;
- Partial or complete occlusion of pipes (female infertility);
- adhesive disease of small pelvis;
- syndrome, chronic pelvic pain;
- habitual miscarriage;
- serohepatitis;
- Reiter's syndrome (symptom complex, which is characteristic lesion joints - arthritis, cervical - cervicitis, urethra - urethritis, conjunctivitis);
- male infertility.
Forecast for chlamydia favorable, subject to early detection and adequate treatment.
prevention
Prevention of chlamydia involves:
- refusal of casual sex;
- use of condoms;
- maintaining a healthy lifestyle;
- personal hygiene.
