The author - Chuklin Olga, general practitioner, internist. Work experience since 2003.
Acute gastritis is a disease in which develops an acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach, often from strong irritant effect.
Types of acute gastritis
Acute gastritis is divided according to the morphological manifestations (the depth and type of damage), which are found in surveys:
- catarrhal;
- fibrinous;
- necrotic;
- abscess.
He also divided according to the process of prevalence:
- focal;
- diffuse (common).
Causes
The disease is one of the most common among the diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. It occurs in almost half of the adult population.
The following main causes of acute gastritis:
- binge eating (eating large amounts of food at one time);
- use alkogolesoderzhaschih beverages;
- irrational, uncontrolled use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
- impact wave radiation in radiation therapy of cancer;
- acute abuse, hot rough, acidic food, large consumption of strong tea and coffee;
- smoking, especially on an empty stomach;
- acute toxic edible infection (infection with Salmonella food, Yersinia, Shigella);
- complication of severe infectious diseases (HIV, tuberculosis, measles, influenza, scarlet fever, diphtheria);
- an infection caused by Helicobacter pylori;
- exposure to allergens in acute allergic gastritis.
Symptoms of acute gastritis
The disease occurs, as the name implies, is always acute. In most cases, the first signs of the disease can develop from two to six hours after exposure to the causative factor.
It is noted also that in patients previously these signs did not occur.
The patient having the following characteristic symptoms of acute gastritis:
- epigastric pain may be of different severity depends on the kind and extent of the process;
- Pain often cramping in nature;
- nausea;
- acid regurgitation, gastric contents;
- a bad taste in the mouth;
- sudden weakness;
- vomiting;
- It can be fervescence to subfebrile level (38 degrees);
- when a bleeding may be streaked with blood vomiting.
Various types of acute gastritis have their characteristic features. When catarrhal form of acute gastritis symptoms do not last long, subject to timely treatment, averaging about 3-4 days.
In allergic acute gastritis revealed elevated blood eosinophils typical of allergic reactions.
In acute infections, food is rarely isolated gastritis, it is often accompanied by other symptoms (diarrhea, dehydration, severe intoxication, uncontrollable vomiting).
Fibrinous form of gastritis occurs in infectious diseases such as scarlet fever, septicemia. Characterized clinically only in research.
Necrotizing acute gastritis occurs under the action of alkalis, acids, under their corrosive effects in a patient having acute pains. It is often accompanied by a painful shock, bleeding, swelling of the esophagus.
Phlegmonous gastritis develops in severe infectious diseases, accompanied by a pronounced damage the stomach wall. All symptoms occur acutely, most pronounced at the outset of the disease, expressed general weakness and progressive deterioration.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of acute gastritis necessarily based on data from medical history (history of the disease) - an indication of the impact of the etiological factor.
Among the laboratory and instrumental methods are carried out:
- Esophagogastroduodenoscopy - it allows to evaluate the nature of mucosal damage, determine the prevalence of the process, the presence of foci of hyperemia, erosions, bleeding. It is also possible to carry out a biopsy of the gastric mucosa for subsequent histological examination.
- General blood analysis - show signs of inflammation (increase in white blood cells, ESR);
- Feces occult blood - for the detection of bleeding;
- Breath test to detect Helicobacter pylori;
- Bacteriological stool cultures - for the detection of foodborne infections.
The differential diagnosis is carried out with the following pathologies:
- Acute pancreatitis (holding ultrasound, the presence of characteristic markers - Increase hemodiastase);
- acute cholecystitis (Holding ultrasound);
- Ostryyinfarkt infarction (ECG);
- Acute appendicitis (US).
Treatment of acute gastirta
Treatment is carried out Gastroenterologist.
In severe forms of the disease of patient hospitalization is conducted in a therapeutic or gastroenterological hospital.
Treatment of catarrhal form of acute gastritis is conducted on an outpatient basis.
- On the first day the patient is recommended fasting, later switching to gentle power.
- It is imperative to address the impact of causal factors, the patients underwent a gastric lavage.
- Termination of the harmful effects of etiologic factors.
- Appointed by adsorbing agents (chelators) - Polisorb, Smecta, neosmectin, Enterosgel.
- To eliminate or prevent dehydration appointed regitratatsionnaya therapy - the introduction of salt solutions, taking rehydron.
- Receiving antisecretory drugs, agents reducing the secretion of hydrochloric acid in zheludke- omeprazole, ranitidine, famotidine.
- Antacids - Maalox, Gastal, Fosfalyugel.
- bismuth preparations - De-nol.
- Antimicrobials in the presence of infectious agents.
- Antiemetics, in the presence of vomiting - metoclopramide, Reglan.
- When there is evidence of abscess gastritis, treatment is performed using surgical techniques - drainage is carried out and the damaged portion of the stomach is removed, if necessary.
- In reference to the nature of the allergic diseases are appointed allergy medications - Tsetrin, Suprastin, loratadine.
The duration of treatment is determined by the cause of the disease. In acute catarrhal gastritis recovery occurs in a short time, when there are significant changes in the wall of the stomach, the development of complications, treatment takes longer.
complications
In case of incorrect treatment and in advanced cases of acute gastritis may be associated with the following complications:
- Stomach ulcer.
- Perforation of the stomach.
- Purulent peritonitis.
- Sepsis.
- Painful shock.
- Stricture (narrowing) of the esophagus, stomach.
prevention
Prevention of acute gastritis is in compliance with the following recommendations:
- elimination of harmful effects on the gastric mucosa;
- maintaining a healthy lifestyle;
- avoiding alcohol and smoking;
- medication prescribed by a doctor;
- timely treatment of infectious diseases.
