In the treatment of the hormone-dependent form of diabetes mellitus( CD1), the introduction of insulin, which helps to control the level of glucose in the serum, is the first place. However, insulin is also used by healthy people. For example, to achieve the highest results, injections of this hormone have become an integral part in the anabolic preparation of bodybuilders and other athletes.
Because of an incorrectly calculated dose, mechanical errors or for other numerous reasons, "insulin poisoning" can occur. Know the signs of such conditions, be able to respond quickly and adequately to the symptoms that appear - it is important not only for a diabetic, athlete or their immediate environment. The timely delivery of first aid can save lives.
Overdose Species
Prolonged use of incorrectly calculated doses for insulin therapy, contribute to the unstable course of type 1 diabetes and lead to the development of chronic overdose of insulin( CIPI).Primary hypoglycemic symptoms are observed in 35% of patients with CD1.With the timely diagnosis of cerebral palsy and a properly selected technique for reducing( correcting) insulin doses, the prognosis is favorable. In the case of further continuation of a chronic overdose, the course of the disease is aggravated and difficult to control.
A single or total daily insulin overdose may result in ricochet hyperglycemia of , which is possible for the following reasons:
- a mechanical error in dosage and a single injection of an inadequately high dose of the hormone;
- errors in calculations and confusion with simultaneous use of different types of insulin( short and long-acting);
- violation of physical activity without carbohydrate intake;
- no food intake after insulin injection;
- switch to another type of syringe or a new type of hormone;
- mistaken introduction of a hormone to a healthy person, which occurred due to the negligence of the medical worker;
- violation of the precautionary principles with simultaneous acceptance of alcoholic beverages and the introduction of insulin;
- , while maintaining normal doses of insulin in the first trimester of pregnancy by women suffering from diabetes mellitus( with concomitant chronic kidney and liver pathologies).
Insulin doses
Insulin activity is measured in units and is denoted in ED or IU( international designation).The current standard was approved in 1958 - 1 IU( ED) = 1/24 mg of crystalline insulin.
Healthy people, without special consequences, can post a one-time introduction of 2-4 IU.For athletes, the daily dosage starts with the usual 2 IU.Smoothly rising, can reach 20 IU( maximum).Bodybuilders are recommended to calculate the mandatory intake of carbohydrates after training, based on the calculation: 1 IU = 10 g of carbohydrates.
For diabetics, there are special schemes for calculating single and daily rates. Such calculations are carried out and adjusted together with the doctor. Special factors for the calculation take into account:
- variety of insulin used - short or extended action;
- age;
- body weight;
- stage of the disease and the current state of the patient( for pregnant women - trimester);
- the timing of the injection - day or night, before or after a meal.
Calculations necessarily take into account the carbohydrate intake according to the scale of grain units( XE), the glycemic index of products, physical loads.
As a rule, an overdose of insulin in patients with CD1 occurs if the daily dose has exceeded 1 IU / kg.
The lethal dose of insulin is strictly individual, depends on the above factors, but basically lies between 100 - 500 IU.
Consequences of insulin overdose
As a result of a regular violation of the norms of insulin administration, hypoglycemia may develop, and in case of a single overdose exceeding the dose, hypoglycemic coma.
Hypoglycemia
The process of hypoglycemia is stretched in time and therefore dangerous, but not fatal. However, it should be remembered that frequent seizures threaten the mental changes in the personality of adults and stop intellectual development in children. A hypoglycemic attack can be recognized by the following first signs:
- is a small tremor and a "tingling" in the lips and fingers;
- active perspiration and sudden pallor of the skin;
- heart palpitations;
- headache;
- attack of yawning;
- a sharp attack of hunger.
Ignoring symptoms and inaction can lead to fainting or coma.
Hypoglycemic coma
With the introduction of a large dose of insulin and a rapid drop in blood glucose levels, the coma can develop rapidly, and sometimes suddenly. Initially, the signs of a coma coincide with the symptoms of hypoglycemia, and then:
- perspiration ceases;
- breathing becomes superficial, frequent and abrupt;
- arterial pressure drops to menacing levels;
- possible epileptic seizure;
- eyeballs move frequently and sometimes asymmetrically;
- there is no reaction of pupils to light;
- decreases muscle tone, the main tendon and abdominal reflexes are suppressed, cramps are possible.
Hypoglycemic coma, in the event of prolonged failure to provide medical care, is fatal.
First aid
In any case, after an insulin overdose there is always some time to correct a negative situation. When hypoglycemic coma should be laid sick on one side, if possible drink a sweet tea, and immediately call an ambulance.
At the first sign of hypoglycemia, you need to check the sugar level, and then eat some quick carbohydrates. It is strongly recommended that patients with CD1 always have a package of juice, lemonade, pieces of sugar-refined sugar and a syringe with Glucagon.
