About cervical leukoplakia say when in the pathological process involved her vaginal (visible) part, with stratified squamous epithelium, covers the external part of the cervix, and thickens the stratum, which clinically manifested in the emergence of areas of whitish or white on neck.
About a third of patients with leukoplakia ozlokachestvlyaetsya, that is, develop cervical cancer.
Kinds
Lots keratinized epithelium can be both multiple and single.
From the viewpoint of histology secrete simple leukoplakia, in which the basal layer (deepest) not subjected to pathological changes, and proliferative leukoplakia (i.e., having a tendency to widening). Tendency to degenerate into cancer has proliferative leukoplakia.
Causes
All causes of leukoplakia can be divided into 2 groups.
The first group includes factors that are inside the body:
- hormonal imbalance;
- immune disorders.
The second group of factors operating from outside (exogenous). This is a different treatment (chemical, physical or traumatic) to the cervix in the past.
Predispose to the occurrence of the disease following circumstances:
- early sexual activity;
- a large number of sexual partners;
- chronic or acute diseases genital system in the past (endometritis, adnexitisPromoting hormonal disturbance);
- genital infections (doctors do not deny communication with leukoplakia virus papilloma person);
- a weakened immune system;
- ovarian dysfunction;
- cervical trauma during delivery or abortions;
- treatment of cervical swabs ointments diseases which cause epithelial proliferation (sea buckthorn, rose, aloe ointment);
- dysbiosis vagina;
- menstrual irregularities;
- endocrine pathology.
Symptoms of cervical leukoplakia
The disease is usually asymptomatic and in most cases found by chance during a routine inspection.
Only a small percentage of women (25-28%) complains of heavy furniture, and sometimes contact spotting. Simple leukoplakia appears as a thin white film or plaque glybchatye and has sharp contours. This film can be easily removed, and under it found shiny areas pinkish colors that do not bleed.
Proliferative leukoplakia during colposcopy represented by the white fireplace, having a bumpy terrain.
In some patients leukoplakia lesions are yellowish, milky-yellow or gray in color with a pearly hue. Clear boundaries, or abnormal portion has uneven contours. In some cases it observed shallow and deep cracks.
The disease can affect not only the vaginal portion of the cervix and cervical canal but sometimes extends to the vaginal mucosa.
Diagnostics
It should be a differential diagnosis of leukoplakia to prevent candida vaginitis and cervical erosion.
When the diagnosis is important thorough history and complaints, as well as the clinical picture of the disease.
Of additional methods of examination are used:
- colposcopy;
In this study, it is important to use diagnostic tests. Schiller test (treatment of cervical Lugol solution) shows that the leukoplakia lesions are not colored in brown. - Pap cytology;
Reveals atypical cells (unfavorable sign) in the pathological site. - histological examination;
An important method in the diagnosis of leukoplakia. Spend knife biopsy of the affected area under the control of the colposcopy. - scraping diagnostic cervical canal;
It is carried out to detect a possible cervical lesions.
In addition, there should be microscopy of vaginal smears and research on diseases, sexually transmitted diseases.
Treatment of cervical leukoplakia
leukoplakia treatment carries a gynecologist. It uses the same techniques that treat diseases of the cervix:
- diathermy;
This method is often used, although it has many drawbacks. Pathological lesions cauterize electrocution. During the healing process may start bleeding during rejection of a scab. - chemical coagulation;
For cauterization at the neck portions leukoplakia used drugs that are composed of organic and inorganic acids, e.g., Solkovagina. The method is not sufficiently effective because of their trauma and the tendency to recur. - cryosurgery;
Effects on foci low temperatures causes necrosis of affected tissues. The method has several advantages: no pain and no scars on the neck. - laser coagulation;
CO2 laser processing pathological sections has several advantages: no pain, no scar deformation contactless. But the high cost of the method is different. - radiowave surgery.
The essence of the method lies in the impact of radio waves on the cervical tissue using a special apparatus "Surgitron". The method is painless and non-invasive.
Coagulation areas of leukoplakia is held on 5-7 day cycle. Postoperatively, it recommended the observance of sexual rest and refusal to take a bath.
Complications and prognosis
Leukoplakia in advanced cases (if untreated) can be reborn in the first cervical dysplasia (a precancerous condition) and then to cancer.
Weather favorable with timely and quality treatment, especially when simple leukoplakia. But in some cases, possible relapse.
