Sinusitis or frontal sinusitis is called inflammation of the mucous membranes in the frontal sinuses.
When sinusitis disturbed general health, formed pus, untreated high risk of developing serious complications.
general information
Sinuses located inside the facial bones of the skeleton, they operate pneumatic, filtration, warming the inhaled air and resonator function, in addition, they delimit the infection in its distribution throughout the body, so in the event of special conditions of the sinuses often inflamed. Since the space inside them is very limited, it appears quite serious and subjectively unpleasant symptoms.
The children of the first years of life is practically not suffer sinusitis due to underdeveloped sinuses, mostly front - that is the lot of adolescents and adults, men and women are equally susceptible.
Kinds
The flow and the main clinical manifestations are allocated:
- Acute sinusitis,
- chronic sinusitis.
Causes
Acute sinusitis is rarely independent disease and occurs as a consequence of coryza. By their nature, frontal sinusitis are:
- bacterial (scarlet fever, staphylococcus, streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, other microbial flora)
- viral (flu, SARS, measles, rubella, adenoviruses etc.),
- fungal.
Predisposing factors for the development of sinusitis are:
- infectious or allergic rhinitis, especially long and lingering,
- congenital or acquired curvature of the nasal septum,
- hypertrophy of the tonsils and adenoid growths,
- the presence of chronic foci of infection in the oropharynx or in the body,
- decreased immunity (general and local)
- injury sinuses and nose.
development mechanisms
Development of sinusitis starts as an acute process with a viral or microbial infection or inflammation due to injury fronto-nasal canal and the frontal bone.
When developing sinusitis swelling and blockage of the passage in the frontonasal duct. Disrupts normal communication between the nose and sinuses, it accumulates in the inflammatory fluid or pus that disturb the local immune defense.
In the absence of adequate treatment for the inflammation subsides and becomes chronic, and may be affected by other sinuses. Inflammation can worsen at any colds, which significantly violates the patients' quality of life.
symptoms of sinusitis
Acute frontal sinusitis begin with bright clinical manifestations:
- sharp pain in the forehead,
- increased pain when tapped, pressed on the forehead or the area of the eye socket,
- increased pain when bending forward,
- headache,
- eye pain and photophobia, watery eyes,
- sudden difficulty breathing nose,
- abundant serous nasal discharge and then purulent nature without odor,
- a sharp rise in temperature to 39 degrees, less is low,
- swelling of tissues in the corner of the eye.
When viewed from the nose LORom indicated severe swelling and redness of the mucous turbinates. Draining sinuses and relieves pain subsided.
In chronic frontal sinusitis symptoms are less harsh, but last very long. appear:
- aching or pressing headaches that are localized in the sinus area,
- when the contents of the cluster pain intensifies,
- with pressure on the inner region of the eye brows or sharp pain arises,
- purulent nasal discharge flows away secret with an unpleasant odor,
- during sleep allocation drain into the throat, there is a cough,
- nasal discharge is enhanced in an upright position,
- mucous membranes of the nose when viewed sharply swollen and red.
complications
Can be dangerous complications sinusitis that occur both in acute and chronic process.
These include:
- transition on bone infection sinus wall, necrosis and fistula formation with fluid release,
- transition of infection on the area of the eye socket to the formation of abscesses and cellulitis,
- transition of inflammation on the back wall with the formation of brain abscess or meningitis,
- sepsis.
Diagnostics
The basis of diagnosing sinusitis - a complaints and symptoms of the disease, supplemented by data from rhinoscopy (medical examination of the nose).
Revealed swelling, redness, and thickened in the region of nasal cavities, the chronic process can be detected polyps.
To clarify the diagnosis is carried out:
- X-rays of the sinuses,
- sounding sinuses,
- Video endoscope with the specification of the nasopharynx anatomy and course of the disease,
- Ultrasound paranasal sinuses,
- MRI or CT scan of the sinuses if indicated, especially when the risk of intracranial complications.
- blood tests and crops from the nose to identify flora and its sensitivity to antibiotics.
It is necessary to distinguish the front from the other inflammation of the sinuses, for example, sinusitis and trigeminal neuralgia.
sinusitis treatment
Treatment of sinusitis engaged ENT doctors, sinusitis treated permanently. It applies a set of measures, which include:
- vasoconstrictors instillation of nose drops (galazolin, xylene, nazol) to improve the outflow of the contents and removal of edema,
- irrigation of the nasal cavity anti-inflammatory and antiseptic sprays (kameton, bioparoks)
- receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics before culture results, a correction as a result of planting, administered intramuscularly in severe cases,
- assignment antihistamines (Tavegilum, Suprastinum) for removal of edema and allergic component,
- bed rest, light meals,
- at high temperature antipyretics (Nurofen, paracetamol)
- with the aim of creating liquefaction and outflow for thick secretion applied ACC,
- the use of homeopathic remedies - Sinupret or CINNABSIN,
- nasal lavage ( "cuckoo") with solutions chlorophyllipt, miramistina, furatsillina: in one nostril filled with antiseptic solution, and it is pumped from the second soft catheter. That during the procedure the patient is not choking on the fluid, it is necessary to say constantly "ku-ku-ku-ku". When this sound is closed pharyngeal cavity and throat.
- physiotherapy (blue lamp solljuks or UHF)
- after failure of conservative measures appointed by the puncture of the frontal sinus with pus and removal of washing the cavity with antiseptics.
When uncomplicated favorable prognosis, perhaps a cure, in advanced cases, a transition to chronic with periods of exacerbation.