Dry eye syndrome - is a complex disease that occurs due to reduction in quality and / or quantity of lacrimal fluid, which forms on the surface of the eye tear film, a number of important functions, including nutrient, protective and optical.
Causes
- Incomplete closure or excessive disclosure canthus on the basis rumen or paralytic lagophthalmos, endocrine ophthalmopathy and buphthalmos
- Violation of the corneal power
- The deformation of the corneal surface
- The failure of lacrimal glands, lacrimal glands after additional migrated dakrioadenita and inflammatory disorders of the conjunctiva
- climacteric
- Bell's paralysis
- Multiple sclerosis
- Chronic meybomit (inflammation of the glands of the century)
- Eye monitor office and ocular syndromes occurring under the influence of conditioned air, electromagnetic radiation from office equipment and other similar sources
- Eye surgery
- Acceptance of some drugs, such as oral contraceptives, tricyclic antidepressants, antihypertensives, corticosteroids, as well as permanent instillation of beta-blockers, held at treatment glaucoma, Receiving cytostatics and antimigraine drugs.
Manifestations of dry eye syndrome
One typical initial symptoms of the syndrome is foreign body sensation in the eye, which is combined with a strong lacrimation, hereinafter replaceable feeling of dryness.
Characterized by burning and stinging of the eyes, especially when exposed to wind, smoke and other air-conditioned such stimuli, using heaters.
In addition, signs of dry eye syndrome are photophobia, deterioration of visual capacity by evening, fluctuations in visual acuity during the working day.
Characterized by the negative reaction of patients to instillation into the eye drops completely indifferent, for example solution levomitsetina 0.25% or 0.1% solution of dexamethasone: the instillation of patients experience pain, burning or pain in eye.
However, the most common sign of the disease is the reduction or complete lack of edges of the eyelids lacrimal meniscus. Their place usually fills swollen and tarnished the conjunctiva, "crawl" on the free edge of the eyelid.
More rarely in these patients can detect the appearance of a variety of "clogging" of inclusions in the tear film. Usually, they are presented with tiny clumps of mucus, epithelial remnants of the breakaway threads, air bubbles, or other microparticles. They float in the thickness of the tear film, lacrimal meniscus and the lower conjunctival fornix, displaced by the cornea and are clearly visible in the light of the slit lamp.
Another characteristic feature is the discharge from the eye due to the high viscosity, it stretches into thin mucous threads which cause discomfort for patients.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of dry eye syndrome is performed by an ophthalmologist, and includes:
- patient survey, including clarification of the history of the disease and its possible connection with the professional activity of the subject;
- Standard inspection of the organ of vision, but with sighting biomicroscopy of the cornea, conjunctiva and the free edges of the eyelids.
When signs of the syndrome is made to clarify the survey:
- Additional sighting biomicroscopy of the anterior segment of the eyeball;
- functional test (determination of the stability of the tear film, study slezoproduktsii);
- production samples sent for diagnosis of changes associated with dry eye syndrome.
Dry Eye Syndrome Treatment
The most widespread use in the treatment received so-called artificial tears products
- drops "Tear natural"
- Vidisik,
- korneregel,
- lakrivit,
- oftagel,
- solkoseril.
Drip into the eye forms an artificial tear to the ocular surface sufficiently stable film including the components and the patient tears, even if its products are stored.
The scheme of the chosen individually in each case.
The drug is dug from 3 to 8 times a day.
Surgical treatment of dry eye syndrome - a polymer obturation of lacrimal passages.
The procedure is shown a pronounced decrease in patients with primary severe tear production or changes in the cornea.
It is also highly efficient and relatively low-impact operation is to cover the tear point free conjunctival flap.
