1 Causes of the development of the pathology

The definition of malabsorption includes a whole complex of diseases of the digestive system, which are distinguished by a certain etiology.

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The main causes of malabsorption development are:

deficiency in the body of active enzymes responsible for the normal functioning of the digestive system;
liver diseases, which lead to gallstones( hepatitis, cirrhosis);
excessive growth of bacteria and harmful microorganisms, which is often associated with a violation of microflora in the intestine;
damages the intestinal walls, which provokes a violation of normal processes of absorption and movement of nutrients;
disorders of blood supply in the intestines on the background of heart failure, portal hypertension;

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with damages that are capable of provoking various microbial agents formed against the background of diseases such as infectious enteritis, the syndrome of excessive bacterial growth;
parasitic( helminth) diseases, which lead to mechanical damage to tissue structures, the development of bacterial infections( leading role is given to ascariasis, enterobiosis, opisthorchiasis and giardiasis);
with vegetative neuropathy accompanied by loss of control over GIT;
disorders of the hormonal balance, manifested by increased production of hormones;
atrophic gastritis, which is characterized by severe damage to the gastric mucosa against the background of insufficient production of an acid by the body;
by taking certain antibacterial drugs.

Separately, we should again mention such a provocative factor as damage to the walls of the intestine. According to statistical data, malabsorption in children is most often diagnosed against a background of similar disorders, which are congenital in nature. As for the acquired disease, in this case the disease is more often inextricably linked with Crohn's disease, radiation enteritis, neoplasms on the lymph nodes and surgical intervention in the intestinal region.

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As medical practice shows, in addition to congenital disorders of the structure and functioning of the intestine, this disease in children often develops against a background of pancreatic insufficiency, cholestasis and cirrhosis of the liver. In this case, the first symptoms, as a rule, are pronounced from the very birth of the child.

2 Symptomatic manifestations of

Malabsorption is characterized by a certain symptomatology, which manifests itself primarily from the digestive system.

For example, when malabsorption occurs, the patient is confronted with the symptoms presented by:

diarrhea, in which desires can disturb every 2 hours, and stools are fetid and mushy or watery;
by the appearance of an oily stool, which is associated with a violation of normal absorption of fats by the digestive system( a characteristic feature of this chair is a brilliant plaque);
rumbling and soreness in the abdomen;
constant thirst and muscle weakness on the background of dehydration of the body due to persistent diarrhea;
tarnishing of the skin, hair loss and exfoliation of the nails;
by the appearance of characteristic cracks in the corners of the mouth;
marked decrease in weight;
general weakness, increased fatigue and drowsiness;
signs of a lack of vitamins;
is a violation of sexual functions, which in men is manifested by impotence( this symptom is observed in fairly rare cases);
occurrence of allergic reactions in the use of dairy products.

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The main symptom, which is carefully studied by specialists, is the violation of the stool, because it is with malabsorption that there is continuous diarrhea with characteristic changes in fecal masses. The disease is not only an oily stool, because the appearance of liquefied foamy feces with an acidic odor is accompanied by glucose-galactose malabsorption.

Depending on the indices of weight loss in medical practice, it is customary to distinguish three degrees of the disease. Thus, the first degree is characterized by a decrease in body weight within 8 kg, for the second - not more than 10, and the third degree is characterized by loss of body weight in the range of 10 and more kg. Often, in the diagnosis of malabsorption in later stages, the patient displays marked signs of exhaustion.

3 How is the diagnosis of the disease?

This disease, like malabsorption, is extremely dangerous for possible complications, because in conditions of insufficient intake of nutrients, it is practically impossible for the normal functioning of all body systems. With prolonged disregard of the symptoms, the disease can cause anemia, neurovegetative disorders, dystrophy.

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It is necessary to consult a gastroenterologist who is able to diagnose correctly and prescribe an effective treatment, guided by the results of a comprehensive examination of the patient.

So, the main diagnostic methods include the following:

General blood test. With the help of this study, it will be possible to establish a deficiency of micronutrients and substances in the blood.
Biochemical blood test, which allows to determine the presence and quantitative parameters of vitamins in the body.
Carrying out a coprogram. With the study of stool we can identify muscle fibers and starch, which is one of the main signs of malabsorption, and assess the pH level.
Carrying out some functional tests to evaluate the function of absorption in the small intestine.
X-ray examination of stool. This method of examination is necessary to identify certain signs of digestive tract diseases.
Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity and magnetic resonance imaging. The result of ultrasound and MRI of the abdominal cavity organs is diagnosis of pathological conditions that could provoke a violation of digestion and absorption of nutrients.
A histological study that identifies the presence of parasites and determines their nature.

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In rare cases, additional studies are required for the diagnosis, but more often than not, the examination of the patient, the collection of anamnesis and the evaluation of the results of the above studies are sufficient to determine the ailment.

4 Treatment of violation of

The success of treatment for malabsorption depends on the correct definition of provoking factors and their elimination.

Only a gastroenterologist should be engaged in the treatment, who will be able to assess the degree of the disease and determine effective measures.

Traditional malabsorption treatment includes:

appointment to a patient of a special diet;
parenteral administration of essential vitamins and trace elements, as well as electrolyte and protein mixtures, which not only improve the intestinal microflora, but also the normal functioning of all body systems;
performing rehydration procedures to restore the required level of fluid in the body.

Such treatment will be effective if the cause of malabsorption is not pathological disorders requiring surgical intervention. In this case, you can not do without surgery. As a rule, with the need for surgical treatment, patients who have Crohn's disease, intestinal lymphangiectasia and severe complications after inflammatory processes in the intestine are confronted.

Contents of

1 Causes of development of pathology
2 Symptomatic manifestations of
3 How is the diagnosis of the disease?
4 Treatment of violation of

According to medical sources, malabsorption is a chronic disturbance of the digestive tract by digestion, movement and absorption of nutrients, which are often hereditary. Congenital malabsorption in children is diagnosed in about 10% of cases. In this case, the characteristic symptomatology can appear both immediately after birth, and during the first 10 years of life. All other cases of diagnosing the disease are inextricably linked with the impact of provoking factors.

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