With the penetration of foreign agent in the body occurs start the immune response. At this point, an increasing number of specific blood cells compared to the normal state. Protecting the immune system provides a constant internal environment of the human body. This effect can be achieved by developing specific antibodies against the pathogen or if destroy foreign agent directly. When activated lymphocytes and monocytes of the immune system increased.
cell function
Blood contains many cell types, with different functions, - to transport oxygen to generate antibodies. Blood cells can be divided into red and white - lymphocytes and erythrocytes. Red blood cells make up the cell mass circulating in the blood, carry oxygen. White blood cells fight infection and digested remnants of the destroyed cells.
White blood cells are divided into 3 main groups: granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes. Immunity can be compared with the army. Monocytes in it will act as a "heavy artillery", neutrophils - "ordinary" cells can be called "officers".
What are lymphocytes
Lymphocytes - an important category of blood cells for immunity, because they can repeatedly engage in the fight against harmful microorganisms, providing protection for the body.
Lymphocytes and monocytes to live longer than other blood cells - sometimes even several years. Their destruction is carried out in the spleen. lymphocyte function depends on their specialization.
Lymphocytes are divided into several categories:
- T cells. They account for 75%. T cell receptors recognize protein antigens.
- B cells - 15%.
- NK-cells. Their share - 10%.
Each category of the appointment.
What is the monocytes
Monocytes - a white blood cells that are involved in fighting infection. They absorb and destroy various microorganisms. Leaving the blood, they are transformed into macrophages, which fight infection, and disposed of dead cells. Monocytes are able to move quickly and freely permeate through the walls of capillaries, getting into the extracellular space. There they catch harmful germs and render them harmless.
This active cells. They are formed in the bone marrow. These cells do what is impossible for other leukocytes - they eliminate microorganisms even in environments with high acidity.
deciphering tests
The concentration of lymphocytes and monocytes may be determined by a blood test. Since they are species of leukocytes, the index is determined as a percentage - the proportion in total number of white blood cells.
norms
The norm of lymphocytes in the blood of adults - 19-37% and (1,2-3,0) × 10⁹ / l) A child, depending on age:
- Day 1 - from 12 to 36%;
- 1 month - from 40 to 76%;
- 6 months - from 42 to 74%;
- 1 year - from 38 to 72%;
- 1 year to 6 years - from 26 to 60%;
- 6-12 years - from 24 to 54%;
- 13-15 years - from 22 to 50%.
On the rules do not affect sex differences and age. The rate for a healthy adult - from 3 to 11%. The rate of such units: (0,09 - 0,70) × 10⁹ / L. Fluctuations within the specified limits can be influenced by cyclical fluctuations in the intensity of the biological processes of human meal.
A newborn baby monocytes in blood is greater than that of an adult. This is necessary because in this period the child is particularly in need of protection against harmful microorganisms, while he adapts to the world.
Norm of monocytes is:
- newborn - from 3 to 12%;
- 2 weeks - from 5 to 15%;
- up to a year - from 4 to 10%;
- 1-2 years - from 3 to 10%;
- 2-16 years - from 3 to 9%.
The weight of these cells varies depending on the number of white blood cells, the child's sex is irrelevant. If the level of monocytes is normal, it indicates that the dead cells are removed in time, and in the body there is no harmful microorganisms.
deviations
If monocytes in the blood of a child or adult is raised, it locks monocytosis. He can be:
- Relative - a level higher than 11% monocytes.
- Full - cell number exceeds 0,70 × 10⁹ / L.
Possible reasons that the monocytes are elevated in adults:
- inflammatory disease of acute or chronic course (viral, fungal, bacterial, parasitic);
- state after infectious diseases;
- autoimmune disease;
- Tumor;
- oncohematological processes;
- phosphorus poisoning, tetrachloroethane.
Full monocytosis can cause disease:
- mononucleosis;
- flu;
- SARS;
- tuberculosis;
- candidiasis;
- syphilis;
- appendicitis;
- adnexitis;
- rheumatoid arthritis.
Elevated levels of lymphocytes in the blood is called lymphocytosis. Increase of leukocytes in the analysis should not be cause for concern if:
- it was preceded by hard work, recreation on the beach;
- if analyzes deposited during or immediately after menstruation;
- during pregnancy.
Therapists are considering a number of options leukocyte complex. When the amount is increased, and lymphocytes, and monocytes - a consequence of disease. According to one study put the exact diagnosis impossible. Any changes in the blood count should be considered as an additional symptom of the disease that is taken into account, when a differential diagnosis.
The reasons for high content
If monocytes are increased, it is a sign of entering the foreign body tissue. There is a growing need in macrophages. Since macrophages are precursors of monocytes, their production increases. Monocytosis in the blood can be seen when a blood test. Increased lymphocytes and monocytes indicate the presence of viral or bacterial infection or other pathology.
adults
If the analysis in adults indicates an increase in the level of cells, can we talk about the presence of cancer, infections on the background of fungi, viruses or bacteria, intestinal diseases, heart, blood vessels. To increase the likelihood of a favorable outcome, the doctor must exclude cancer or bone marrow to detect it at an early stage.
Sometimes benign increase can be on a background of the fact that the lymphocytes and eosinophils decreased. Also, it may be allergies. Increased rates may be a sign of SARS, the flu or other infectious disease.
children
Monocytes increased in a child with mononucleosis, SARS. Joint increase of monocytes and lymphocytes may occur in measles, rubella, chickenpox, scarlet fever. If the level is increasing, so the immune system in the emergency mode is struggling with pathogenic flora. Lymphocytes in children may be increased after vaccination, as a result of physical exertion.
What to do
In itself, a condition where the number of lymphocytes and monocytes increased in children and adults - are not pathological. There is not a drug that would cause performance to normal. Therefore it is necessary to eliminate the root cause of the deviation. After the tests prescribed additional diagnostics to find the cause, make a diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment.
Possible consequences
Increase of lymphocytes and monocytes in the blood indicate that the body is a pathology. This can be a viral, bacterial, parasitic infection, and chronic disease until the cancer. This can be rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, endocrine disorders, central nervous system diseases. Therefore, a deviation from the norm in piece with analyzes - a reason to see a doctor and be diagnosed.
