Testing blood leukocyte definition prescribed to children with any reference to the pediatrician. By analyzing the evaluated state of immunity, detected during latent disease if dropped neutrophils, lymphocytes increased in children.
According to the results of the test pediatrician decide on the choice of the scheme of patient treatment, appoints pharmaceuticals to speed up recovery.
Preparation and testing
Analysis on leukocytes is extremely sensitive and requires careful preparation. Not to get incorrect results, parents should abide by the rules.
2-3 days before blood donation should pay attention to the child's diet. there should be no food in the diet:
- fat;
- vysokobelkovoj.
The house should be a quiet environment. We can not allow powerful emotions, tears. Especially need to make sure that the baby is not crying, t. To. The strong emotions lead to increased production of white blood cells.
It distorts the analysis of strenuous physical activity on the eve of the analysis. It should reduce the motor activity of 2 days before the visit to the lab.
Lease analysis on an empty stomach in the morning. From the last meal before the blood sample must be at least 8 hours.
Permission is granted prior to the study to drink water, but you can not take the medication without the consent of the pediatrician. The queue in front of the cabinet, it is desirable to take a child that he did not run down the stairs, I do not cry, do not worry.
normal levels
Leukocytes provide an immune barrier against infection, inflammation, proliferation of malignant tumor. Immune function is performed the most numerous population of white blood cells:
- neutrophils (NEU);
- lymphocytes (LYM).
Measured concentration of leukocytes in percentage. Indicators show the magnitude of the total leukocytes, which accounts for each cell group.
Norma leukocytes in children different from the norm in adults. A newborn for elevated white blood cells due to the high concentration of neutrophils. LYM indicators have, compared with the norm for adults, reduced.
After 7 days, the newborn parameters LYM and NEU equalized cells. This balance is called leukocyte crosshairs. From 7 days to 5 years LYM value should be at a rate of more neutrophils.
This distinguishes leukocyte proportion of children and adults. Parents, not knowing this particular, often are afraid and begin to worry.
In 5-6 years, indicators and analysis LYM number NEU again become about the same as it was observed in 7 days in the newborn. This phenomenon is called the second leukocyte chiasm and reflect the normal development of the immune system.
neutrophils
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes increase during inflammation caused by bacterial infection. The blood is present immediately neutrophils 2 groups:
- stab immature form (NEUp);
- mature segmented form (NEUc).
Informative indicator is the number of segmented NEUc cells.
Normal NEUc in children according to age (in%):
- 1-2 — 28-48;
- 2-3 — 32-55;
- 3-6 — 32-55;
- 6-9 — 38-58;
- 9-12 — 43-60.
lymphocytes
Group is responsible for the production of antibodies to foreign proteins. Significant increase of blood elements is marked at these viral diseases.
Normal levels of lymphocytes in children according to age (in%):
- 1-2 — 37-60;
- 2-3 — 33-55;
- 3-6 — 33-55;
- 6-9 — 30-50;
- 9-12 — 30-46.
deviations
On changes leukocyte doctor can get an idea about the nature of the infection, the severity of disease and the immune capacity to resist pathogens.
The ratio of white blood cells in children is different from the rules for adults. Get your hands on the results of the analysis, it is necessary to pay attention to what age are specified norms.
Neutrophils and lymphocytes increased downgraded
Decreased neutrophils and increased lymphocytes in the blood are detected after severe tonsillitis. This change serves as an indicator of weakened immunity, it points to the need to restore it.
The reasons, when a child raised and lowered lymphocytes, neutrophils may be inflamed adenoids, bad teeth. A condition in which reduced neutrophils and lymphocytes increased, notes and sinusitis.
Reduction of neutrophils and lymphocytes increase in the blood is an indication of the depletion of the immune system, it indicates the degree of severity of infectious diseases. Promotions NEUc alongside increased values LYM correspond to the period of recovery after suffering a severe disease.
Increased neutrophils and lymphocytes reduced
Indicators of increased neutrophils and lymphocytes in the blood dropped from a child with chronic viral infections, more severe. Lowering LYM value in the analysis may indicate depletion of the immune system, to reduce the development of new immune cells in bone marrow.
In some cases this indicates inflammation in acute bacterial infections, the body increases when NEUc production, because of which the relative amount LYM becomes smaller.
Neutrophils and lymphocytes increased
Segmented neutrophils, and lymphocytes are increased in children:
- when infecting bacteria;
- under acute conditions (appendicitis, peritonitis);
- when physical, emotional overload;
- with overeating.
If the values of NEU and lymphocytes increased slightly, it is amenable to change adjustment without the use of drugs. The pediatrician may prescribe re-analysis, ie. A. The rate at which at the same time a lot of white blood cells in both groups, may be erroneous.
Repeated detected deviation and with a strong violation of the norms require diagnostics of the cause of diseases caused by increased values of NEU and LYM.
LYM increased rates are observed for the reasons:
- excessive activity of the immune system;
- mononucleosis provoking acceleration of lymphocyte synthesis;
- autoimmune diseases;
- Crohn's disease.
If LYM value exceeds the norm by more than 3 times, it may indicate cancer. In the 5-6 times higher than normal level of performance at the LYM multiple myeloma, Lymphocytic leukemia type.
High lymphocytes with a small increase of neutrophilic cells observed with viral diseases that occur without obvious symptoms. Cause changes in the blood are able to herpes viruses, cytomegalovirus, HIV, and tuberculosis.
Neutrophils, and lymphocytes reduced
Few of neutrophils in the blood of the following diseases:
- viral;
- anemia;
- taking certain medicines;
- chemotherapy;
- radiotherapy.
Neutropenia (lack NEU) may result from genetic diseases. Neutropenia in blood Kostmana a child almost no neutrophils.
According to statistics, hereditary neutropenia rarely found. Most often, low values NEU formed for other reasons. Reduction of neutrophilic leukocytes observed in a case:
- weight loss;
- deficiency of vitamins in the diet;
- helminth infection;
- poisoning poison, inhalation of toxic chemicals.
NEU relative decline in value in the analysis of children under 3 years is often the physiological transient in nature and does not require medical treatment.
Lowering the value of LYM observed in children suffering from:
- purulent chronic infections;
- liver disease;
- lupus erythematosus;
- miliary tuberculosis;
- Kidney lesions;
- aplastic anemia.
Decreased lymphocyte count may indicate the children's allergic disposition of the body, disruption of the thymus gland, congenital immunodeficiency.
To compensate for changes in the blood, the child is appointed by the intake of vitamins that stimulate blood formation, proper nutrition and adequate treatment regimen.
