Many people are interested in the question of whether, what monocytesAnd what monocytosis. Monocytes - a white blood cell, and monocytosis - it is their increased amount. Also, patients are interested in when monocytes are increased in the adult, what it says. This may be an indication of disease of the circulatory system, the presence of infection and so on. D.
How to determine the level of
Set the number of monocytes in the blood can, having passed a complete blood count (KLA). Monocytes are a type of white blood cells and are calculated by the special leucocyte count a laboratory. Are 2 indicator monocytes in the blood count: the absolute quantity is calculated in the average number of cells per microliter of 1 (L), and referred to as "monocyte mono» or «monocytes abs", and the relative - calculated as a percentage and referred to as "value" * million. / L.
The relative number indicates the percentage of monocytes to the total number of leukocytes and the absolute - the total number of cells contained in 1 l of blood.
Symptoms and signs of increased index
Specific indications to increase monocyte not exist. However monocytosis accompanies many diseases that have symptoms, which can be judged indirectly to change the parameters of leukocytes. Consult a doctor and investigate the blood is necessary in the following cases:
- uncaused appearance of weakness and fatigue;
- loss of appetite or its full loss;
- unexplained weight loss;
- appearance aversion to meat and meat products;
- of neural imbalance as irritation or apathy;
- sleepiness or insomnia;
- increased psychological and emotional excitability, neotpuskayuschego feelings of anxiety, panic attacks;
- speakerphone GI motility;
- abdominal pain with unclear localization;
- frustration of a chair;
- foamy appearance of stool, blood streaks in the stool;
- the onset of pain in the muscles or joints;
- sustained release dry cough with bloody sputum;
- skin rashes;
- the appearance of pimples and boils on the mucous membranes;
- the onset of pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse;
- redness, rash on the genitals, genital discharge channels.
Normal values and deviations
Norms of monocytes vary from birth to 16 years. The relative values for the first 16 years of life, then rising, then falling, and the absolute values are steady downward trend.
A healthy newborn relative level of monocytes is 3-12%, then in the first 2 weeks of life indices go up to 5-14% by the year - reduced to 4-10%, to 2 years - up to 3-10%. Starting from 3 to 16 years, and the lower level of monocytes remains on a loss of 3%, and the upper limit is reduced to 1% and 9%. By age 16 girls and boys monocytes should be from 3 to 11%. The same percentage of monocytes, regardless of gender, should be maintained in the blood of adult to old age.
Absolute figures of monocytes in the blood test should be lowered by 1.9-2.4 million. / L at the time of birth to 0,004-0,08 million. / L to 16 years. Provided that a person is healthy, the absolute numbers of monocytes, established for 16 years, should remain unchanged until old age.
Elevated levels of monocytes in the blood called monocytosis, low - monocytopenia.
If decoding mono in the blood indicates that the monocytes are elevated, it means that in the body there is inflammation. Increase in the absolute number of monocytes is called absolute monocytosis.
Relative monocytosis - a change in the percentage of monocytes to the total number of white blood cells. Monocytes may periodically increase the percentage of a variety of reasons, e.g., dense breakfast. Therefore, in the case of small deviations of this index scan it does not matter.
However, if the percentage of white blood cells is increased to 13-17%, it can be assumed that in the body there is little focus inflammation, and if their level is raised to 18-24%, and more - this is evidence of a strong infectious-inflammatory process.
Why increased monocytes
To better understand the reasons for the increase of monocytes, you must know what these cells and what function is performed. Monocytes - a single-celled mature white blood cells formed in the bone marrow and living on more than 3 days. Maximum active state they reach, once in the bloodstream. Here they grow, perform their function, and after about 70 hours of education are transformed into macrophages and are absorbed into the surrounding tissues.
The main function of white blood cells - protective cleaning. Moving in the blood stream, they detect foreign to the body of an organism, which include viruses, infections, parasites, cancer cells, and try to destroy them. To do this, the cell comes close to the "enemy", he envelops his own body, neutralizes, "digesting" inside and out of the body. Likewise monocytes destroy the dead cells, bacteria and other substances contaminating organism.
The same scheme macrophages are trapped in tissue. Only in this case the destruction of harmful cells increases with time.
In addition, monocytes are involved in the synthesis of interferon, making the cells resistant to the effects of viruses than enhance the protective functions of the body.
From the above we can conclude that an increase of monocytes in the blood indicates the presence of the disease with which the body is actively fighting, increasing the production of defense-cells.
Absolute monocytosis adults may develop in the following cases:
- if the patient suffers from chronic bowel disease: ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, inflammation of the small intestine;
- poisoning substances containing chlorine, phosphorus or their compounds;
- presence of severe chronic diseases such as lupus erythematosus, psoriatic or rheumatoid arthritis;
- rheumatologic diseases: endocarditis, rheumatic fever;
- infectious diseases such as syphilis, brucellosis, tuberculosis, salmonellosis, dysentery, measles, chickenpox, rubella, pertussis, influenza;
- blood diseases, such as osteomyelofibrosis, chronic myelogenous leukemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, Polycythemia, acute leukemia;
- penetration into the body of viruses or parasites;
- the development of fungal diseases;
- septic foci presence or sepsis;
- injuries;
- myocardial infarction;
- lymphatic malignancies: Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma.
Monocytes, exceeding the rate observed in patients who are at the stage of recovery after surgeries and during recovery from serious infectious diseases. To increase blood monocytes lead stress, lack of sleep, excessive exercise, full meal day before delivery of the analysis. These factors should be considered, if necessary, blood tests.
men
Specific reason for the increased number of monocytes in men, does not exist.
Leukocyte rules and reasons for changes in both sexes are identical.
However, men who are too much work, often experience stress, or their work is connected with excessive nervous and mental strain may suffer monocytosis.
Among women
If a woman monocytes are elevated, it indicates the presence of inflammatory or infectious diseases. However, in contrast to men, the female body parameters of white blood cells may increase slightly due to the features of the functioning of the reproductive system: during ovulation and menstruation, which is associated with jumps hormonal levels.
pregnant
All kinds of white blood cells play an important in the female body during pregnancy and lactation: they take the dual function of protecting the mother and the fetus, and after birth helps women recuperate faster. T. a. during pregnancy there is a reorganization of the endocrine and immune systems and the hormonal changes, the number and proportion of all types of cells in the blood of a woman changes.
In the first trimester of monocytes lower level drops to 1%. However, in a few weeks again increased to 3%. During the last trimester due to prepare the body for childbirth hormonal changes, which can also lead to an increase of monocytes in the blood. After birth, there is decline in white blood cells, but then they may rise again, indicating that the postpartum recovery.
children
Compared with older children monocyte levels too high. The highest monocytes observed in newborns. However, if the age norms are not exceeded or deviation is not more than 10%, nothing to worry about. If monocytes are higher than normal, it may indicate infection with worms, viral or infectious diseases. These reasons are the most common. Many children excess leukocyte standards observed during the appearance or loss of deciduous teeth, and root growth, which is associated with the formation of new tissue.
Monocytes in blood rise under the influence of genetic factors in the postoperative period, in case of more serious diseases such as leukemia. However, children are much more common monotsitopeniya (low white blood cell count) than monocytosis that is more dangerous symptoms suggestive of exhaustion and low resistance to external factors.
how to reduce
If increased monocytes, ignore this fact should not be. Even small deviations can indicate the presence of inflammation, viral or infectious diseases. The earlier address to the expert, the easier it is to get rid of leukocytosis. However, the spectrum of diseases associated with high levels of leukocytes in the blood, is so great that many people do not know, you should refer to some specialist.
If analysis shows an increased white blood cell count, you should first consult a physician, which is sure to take a second analysis to eliminate the error.
If there is no error, then depending on the other symptoms that also should identify the therapist in history, will be assigned additional tests, and only then diagnosed and defined a specialist who will cure patient.
Flu or SARS therapist heals itself. The patient is prescribed a course of antibiotics, vitamins and medications aimed at symptomatic treatment.
If the patient is identified simple helminths (e.g., Ascaris), the practitioner will select a treatment regimen, and depending on the species of parasite designate tablet. In severe cases gelminizatsii (for example, during infection of bovine chain) need the help of an infectious disease specialist and gastroenterologist.
infectious disease specialist help is needed during infection with measles, chicken pox, dysentery, brucellosis and other infectious diseases. In this case, the patient is hospitalized and it is required complex treatment scheme is assigned depending on the disease.
If the therapeutic examination revealed aggravated gastrointestinal diseases (gastritis, enteritis, ulcers and so on. D.), The treatment of the patient will gastroenterologist. The goal of treatment - to achieve remission of the disease, for which the patient appoint immunomodulators, corticosteroids, aminosalicylates. After a course of drugs shall check analysis. Normalization of all types of white blood cells will mean that remission.
Patients who become ill with syphilis should be treated in kozhvendispansere where they appoint a course of antibiotics and restorative formulations.
The most severe cases are associated with the development of malignant tumors, which will deal with the oncologist. The doctor will examination reveal stage of disease, tumor localization, the extent of its spread in depending on what the patient will be offered chemotherapy, radiation therapy or surgical intervention. Treatment regimens are individual in nature, ie. to. have to consider many factors. The goal of treatment - prevention of tumor spread to other organs.
If absolute blood monocytes increased as a result of a stressful situation, you should consult a psychologist, in more severe cases - to the psychotherapist. In these situations lead to normal monocytes means stabilizing the psycho-emotional state of the patient, in conjunction with psychotherapy.
Regardless of the reasons for raising the level of white blood cells in the complex of therapeutic measures aimed at their fall, have to get proper nutrition. It is necessary to give up sugar and alcohol, and diet bring in more fish and seafood rich in omega-acids. Furthermore, it should eat more vegetables, fruits, nuts and tselnozlakovyh products effectively fighting inflammation, which provokes an increase in the level of monocytes.
Risk of rejection
Elevated monocytes in the blood in most cases indicate the presence of abnormalities in the body. If any infectious and inflammatory diseases of the body begins to vigorously produce these blood cellsTo cope with the disease. At first glance, the more of them, the faster and easier the body will fight the disease. But this process has a downside: the excessive number of monocytes and itself can cause inflammation and damage to the tissue.
Foci accumulation of monocytes in the blood vessels can:
- enhance atherosclerosis;
- cause damage to the vessel wall;
- disrupt the blood flow;
- reduce blood flow to the heart muscle.
However monotsitopeniya dangerous not less monocytosis. Attention requires reduction of monocyte levels even 1%.
Monocytopenia accompanied by:
- the rapid spread of infection;
- anemia;
- growing over a purulent focus in the abscess;
- radiation sickness;
- hairy cell leukemia;
- diseases of the spleen;
- aplasia and hypoplasia of the bone marrow;
- chemical and medical damage bone.
Diseases such as leukemia and severe sepsis can lead to complete destruction of white blood cells that make the body completely defenseless against viruses and infections.
Lowering the level of white blood cells may occur due to long-term use of corticosteroids, antiepileptic and antispasmodic agents, certain antibiotics and NSAIDs.
Monocytopenia may develop on the background of starvation as a result of stress, pain and shock always indicates a weakening of the body and a sharp decrease in its resistance to external factors.
