Many people would like to know when the CBC indicates that neutrophils reduced adult, what does that tell whether or not to consult a doctor. Reduction of blood neutrophils can be caused by disease, side effects of medications or congenital defect. To set the factor that provoked changes, should undertake a survey specialist.
Normal values and deviations
To detect low levels of neutrophils, should do a general analysis of the blood from the expanded formula percentage of leukocytes. Neutrophil cells are a type of white blood cells. The ratio of the various types of leukocytes is defined as a percentage. Types of leukocytes vary the appearance and functions. Neutrophils - the most numerous species of leukocyte cells, their purpose is to protect human against infections by destroying pathogenic microorganisms and the smallest alien particles.
These types of blood cells are of 2 types: young (immature forms are called stab) and mature - segmented. Over time, the first changing its structure and become segmented. In the analysis of these cells are referred to as NEUT.
Normally, the percentage of band neutrophils in adults is 1-6%, and segmented - varies from 42 to 72% of total leukocyte cells. Values below these figures, the analysis suggests that neutrophils below normal. Indicators rules do not depend on gender, but vary with age - young children segmented percentage of mature cells is lower than in adolescents and adults.
Understating the level of neutrophils it is accompanied by an increase in other blood components, mostly lymphocytes, monocytes or eosinophils as wherein the total content of leukocytes species should be in the amount of 100%.
The results of analyzes neutrophil count may be indicated relative to other species of leukocytes (NEUT%) or in absolute value (abs). Absolute neutrophils lowered if their number is less than 1500 cells per 1 ml of blood fluid.
Why reduced neutrophils
The deviation from the normal range can cause all sorts of reasons. When inflammation pathological reason, band neutrophils in adult becomes smaller. Most often there is a decrease of segmented neutrophil cells. At low levels of these types of white blood cells develop a condition which is called neutropenia. It is congenital or acquired. Congenital often hereditary, while in addition to reduced neutrophil test results no complaints about the change of status of the patient.
Acquired neutropenia may occur due to diseases, allergies, beriberi, poisoning, drug treatment. Decrease in neutrophils can cause viral, bacterial or protozoal disease. Decreased neutrophil levels may indicate disease of hematopoiesis or exchange problems substances, malnutrition, excessive exercise. Contents of neutrophils in the blood drops after a viral disease, can be a side reaction to therapy.
viral diseases
The presence of neutropenia speaks with immunity problems, as a consequence, reduces the body's defenses. Therefore, decreased neutrophils in the blood often indicate the presence of the virus. Such a state is accompanied by an increased percentage of lymphocytes in the leucocyte count.
Reduced neutrophil count may indicate the flow of viral diseases such as:
- flu;
- SARS;
- rubella;
- chicken pox;
- epidemic parotitis (Mumps);
- measles;
- viral hepatitis;
- HIV.
In the presence of viral diseases in humans there are a number of symptoms characteristic of each individual virus.
bacterial diseases
neutrophils in the blood are lowered and if the body has an infection caused by bacteria. The number of neutrophils in the blood of women and men may be reduced if:
- tuberculosis;
- typhoid;
- paratyphoid;
- brucellosis;
- tularemia;
- subacute bacterial endocarditis;
- acute appendicitis;
- otitis;
- scarlet fever;
- sepsis;
- acute pyelonephritis;
- bacterial pneumonia;
- meningitis;
- osteomyelitis;
- peritonitis;
- acute cholecystitis;
- bacterial tonsillitis;
- secondary infection with thrombophlebitis.
Severe burns with the addition of a secondary bacterial infection accompanied by a decrease in the number of neutrophils.
other causes
Reduced percentage of neutrophils in the blood count may indicate the presence of protozoal diseases - is an infection caused by parasites. These include malaria and toxoplasmosis. Neutropenia also may indicate infection of the body with worms - parasitic worms.
Reduction of neutrophils observed in malignant tumors that affect the circulatory system and bone marrow.
Neutropenia may accompany pathologies associated with metabolic process. Also neutrophil levels fall in thyrotoxicosis.
Indicators of band and segmented neutrophils in assays may be lowered due to violations hemopoietic processes, which occur due to leukemia (blood cancer), observed with a deficiency of vitamins Group B. The most important role in the process of hematopoiesis play vitamins B6, B12 and B9 (folic acid). Their deficiency can occur due to a lack of a balanced diet as the human body does not enter the necessary substance for normal functioning.
Reduced neutrophil develops against the background of violations of bone marrow function. This can happen for several reasons, one of which - the impact of background radiation. Pathological changes occur in the bone marrow after chemotherapy, as if such treatment affects not only cancer cells, but also the surrounding healthy tissue. One of the side effects of therapy - a violation of hematopoiesis and, consequently, reduced the protective functions of the immune system.
Bone marrow pathology may occur due to poisoning by heavy metals, salts, poisons.
Neutropenia may mean that the person has recently been ill with a contagious disease. After recovery, decreased neutrophils some time, but within a couple of weeks on their own approach to normal.
If neutrophils in the blood are lowered, this could indicate that allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock.
Neutropenia may be a side effect of the use of certain medications. These include sulfonamides, anticonvulsants, analgesics, anti-thyroid agents, cytotoxic drugs.
neutrophil levels can reduce the heavy physical activity, in this case, after a short rest the percentage composition of the blood returns to normal.
If the analysis shows that neutrophil cells is small, it does not always mean that there are changes in the human body, such as inflammation, poisoning, beriberi.
Neutropenia may be congenital hereditary condition which is not shown clinical signs.
Share benign chronic neutropenia and cyclic.
In the first case of neutrophils is not lower than 20-30%, the external manifestations of violations are observed. The cyclic form of the disease is characterized by the disappearance of polymorphonuclear cells from the blood through approximately the same intervals - from 2-3 weeks to a couple months. Accompanied by an increase of monocytes and eosinophils. After some time the blood reaches normal values.
reducing symptoms
If neutrophils are reduced due to the development of a viral or bacterial infection, protozoal disease or pathology metabolism, tumor formation, will manifest symptoms of the disease, which has caused changes analyzes.
Neutropenia occur due beriberi and physical fatigue, showed no external clinical symptoms. Also, as in the case with congenital neutropenia, only the test results indicate a deviation from the norm.
If the decrease in the level of neutrophil cells did not reach critical values, it means that the body lacks the resources to protect. Other white blood cells are able to perform the protective function of neutrophils, but infection control in these conditions lasts longer.
The disadvantage of these types of white blood cells can lead to unpleasant consequences for health. If the breach is likely transition of the disease into a chronic form, as neutrophil cells in the body is not enough to neutralize the inflammation. Reduced immunity that is characteristic for the state of neutropenia increases the risk of contracting an infection in crowded places and leads to accelerated the spread of bacteria and viruses in the body.
In severe neutropenia, when the neutrophil cells are virtually absent in the blood, the body does not respond to the proliferation of pathogens. At the same time there is a rapid increase in the specific symptoms of the disease.
How to improve
To eliminate neutropenia, you must learn that it provoked. To investigate the cause should conduct an additional examination, as blood test is indirect indicator and does not explain what a pathological condition caused the fall in the level neutrophil cells. Particular drug to increase the level of neutrophils does not exist.
If neutrophils fell against the backdrop of an infectious disease, conduct antiviral and antibiotic therapy or prescribe antiprotozoal drugs. In the presence of cancer or thyroid problems being treated by specialists.
If drug-induced neutropenia, the physician adjusts the treatment cancels drugs cause side effects, or replace them with others. Neutropenia is not always a reason for canceling appointments - for cancer treatment is more important side effects. After the radiation or chemotherapy is prescribed a course of vitamins for recovery.
With a lack of nutrients may be given vitamin complexes to eliminate the deficit and to correct diets. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe receiving immunomodulators.
Mild neutropenia does not require the use of special measures. This condition requires regular monitoring. After elimination of factors causing changes in leucocyte count, increased neutrophil cells occurs in 1-2 weeks.
