FEATURES
Enterovirus group has about a hundred different kinds of pathogens. Because of their ability in the primary stage of development in the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal tract, they are conventionally referred to as intestinal.
Feature of exciters is increased resistance to environmental conditions. In addition, enterovirus infection persists with prolonged exposure to low temperatures and disinfectants. The feces of the sick person pathogen is detected within 6 months.
The phenomenon of asymptomatic carriers is not considered a rarity. A man without any signs of the disease becomes a source of infection to others and can trigger an outbreak.
In adults, enterovirus infection is transmitted, provided non-compliance with the rules of hygiene.
The main routes of transmission:
- contact;
- domestic;
- fecal-oral;
- airborne.
With the localization of the pathogen in the upper airways it can spread with saliva droplets during sneezing or communication.
Often infection is the cause of contaminated water. Watering plants sewage and swimming in open water is a potential hazard.
As a rule, the disease is transferred to the children's age, after which the child develops persistent immunity to a particular pathogen. Despite this, in adults enterovirus infection it is not uncommon, most often diagnosed in young people.
SYMPTOMS IN ADULTS
A variety of clinical manifestations of the disease is due to a large number of enterovirus pathogens. Symptomatology also depends on which organs were struck by the agent. Sometimes the symptoms of enterovirus infection can manifest typical for this disease.
enterovirus infection is often asymptomatic. External symptoms may resemble a common cold or an intestinal disorder.
In adults, acute enterovirus infection manifests after the hidden currents. The incubation period of the disease is from 2 to 10 days. After this time, the patient may have certain complaints. Symptoms depend on the form of the disease.
Enterovirus form:
- Bluetongue - recalls SARS symptoms with sore throat, dry cough, and nasal congestion. The disease lasts a week and takes place without complications.
- Fever It lasts about three days pass without a trace.
- herpanginabut. On the background of elevated body temperature on the tongue and the mucous membranes of the mouth sores appear. May occur when swallowing painful.
- gastroenteritis form. With the defeat of the digestive tract occurs intoxication, flatulence, vomiting and abdominal pain.
- hydromeningitis It is a rare and dangerous form of the disease. Chills and fever are developing rapidly, there are severe headaches that are not cropped painkillers.
- epidemic myalgia paroxysmal pain accompanied by muscle against a high body temperature.
- Conjunctivitis characterized by multiple hemorrhages, profuse purulent discharge and photophobia.
- Boston fever different from the frenetic form of rash (exanthema) on the face and body of the patient.
- paralytic accompanied by various flaccid paralysis of the limbs and myalgia.
Symptoms in adults are quite diverse. Ignoring or improper treatment of the disease can lead to serious complications including death.
TREATMENT IN ADULTS
Specific treatment aimed at suppression of enteroviruses are not developed. Therapeutic measures depend on the form of the disease, the severity of its symptoms and the patient's condition. Questions the study and treatment of the symptoms of enterovirus infection involved in infectious diseases.
For the treatment of enterovirus infections used symptomatic treatment methods.
Symptomatic treatment of enterovirus:
- Antipyretics for stabilizing body temperature.
- Means restoring fluid and electrolyte balance in vomiting or diarrhea.
- Drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.
- Antiemetic and antidiarrheal therapy.
- Painkillers and antispasmodics with severe pain.
- Corticosteroids severe forms enterovirus occurring with lesions of the nervous system.
- Purpose of antiviral drugs (interferon).
- Immunoglobulins and kapsidingibiruyuschie agent for reducing the body's defenses, or for patients with immunodeficiency.
- Antibiotics are only recommended for the secondary infection of bacterial microflora.
Decisive importance in the treatment of intestinal forms of enterovirus is diet. Excluded are products that can strengthen the intestinal peristalsis (fried and smoked food, confectionery, black bread, raw vegetables and fruits). Recommended dietary food cooked in a double boiler. Nutrition should be a fraction, and provides part of the flow of small portions of food.
It is very important to treat the disease in adults in a timely manner. This is the key to a quick recovery and prevent serious complications.
PREVENTION
Specific measures of prevention of enterovirus infection at the moment does not exist. A large number of pathogens does not allow to develop an effective vaccine against all types of enterovirus in adults at the same time.
Basic methods of preventing infection and spread of disease are directed to comply with hygiene standards. Observations have shown that in areas where water quality is monitored and food, outbreaks are identified infrequently.
General rules of prevention:
- Control of water sources and process wastewater.
- Isolation of patients and disinfection of their personal belongings.
- Drinking boiled or bottled water and sterilized milk.
- Mandatory hand washing before eating.
- Protect food from contamination by insects and rodents.
- Bathing in clean waters with running water.
The question of how to treat enterovirus infection, you need to see a doctor. Self-medication is dangerous not only for health but for life. Enterovirus contact with the carrier may be recommended leukocyte interferon instillation or intravenous immunoglobulin.
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