Shingles - a viral disease, which is usually manifested by unilateral painful skin rash in the waist, back, face and surrounding areas.
According to statistics, shingles, Symptoms and Treatment in Adults proyavlyayutsya 15 cases per 100 thousand. population. Typically, the disease occurs in the elderly, in patients with reduced immunity, or various forms of immunodeficiency.
Among patients with this diagnosis in the elderly women in 2 times more than men in middle-aged and younger are no such differences.
Adults and symptoms, and treatment of herpes zoster are the purview of infectious disease specialists and neurologists.
CAUSES
The causative agent for herpes zoster is a herpesvirus varicella zoster, the third type varicella.
Shingles is most often a secondary infection after chickenpox infection. Primary infection usually occurs in childhood. The child suffers chickenpox, then the pathogen remains in his body in a latent state throughout life. The virus hides in the neurons of the spinal cord and in the branches of the intervertebral ganglia areas.
The main causes of the disease:
- immunosuppressive standing provoked by HIV or AIDS;
- immunosuppressive therapy, including treatment with antibiotics and anticancer drugs;
- fatigue and stress conditions;
- chronic somatic diseases;
- malignant neoplasms;
- the effects of radiotherapy;
- surgery.
Shingles develops in adults as follows: with a decrease in body resistance to the virus is activated, begins to move along the axons and eventually reaches the nerve endings. In this zone, it causes local inflammation and disrupts neuronal function.
kinds of diseases
Form of herpes zoster:
- eye - develops due to the spread of the virus by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, the rash is concentrated on the face of the eye and nose.
- ear - proceeds from the lesion site of the facial nerve and causes paralysis of facial muscles. Furthermore rash in the ear area and in the mouth there are characteristic features distortion.
- abortive - characteristic vesicular rash is not the disease, in the place of redness appear papules that quickly disappear.
- hemorrhagic - inside the vesicles contained bloody fluid.
- bullous - the fusion of small vesicles form large bubbles, completely covering the affected area.
- meningoencephalitic - develops after the defeat of the virus intercostal nerves, characterized by high rates of mortality.
- gangrenous - deep skin lesions with the development of necrosis, characteristic of people with severe immunodeficiency.
- Generalized - against the background of the primary local lesions of herpes zoster for a few days to mucosal and skin there are multiple elements of the rash.
After the symptoms of shingles is necessary to begin treatment immediately. At the stage of convalescence pay great attention to the prevention of relapse and to identify the exact causes of the weakening of immunity.
SYMPTOMS
Shingles manifests suddenly. In places where the virus the person feels a burning sensation and pain. The characteristic symptom of shingles is a rash unilateral on the part of the nerve innervation. The defeat of the facial skin indicates the spread of the pathogen from the trigeminal nerve, and a rash on the body - the defeat of spinal taps.
Prodromal (initial) period is observed within 2-4 days. During this time, there is a general malaise and neuralgic pains.
Symptoms initial period:
- a feeling of weakness;
- low-grade fever, sometimes fever;
- chills;
- migraine;
- He felt pain and burning in the area of future eruptions;
- soreness and increased nearest lymph nodes;
- irregularities in the digestive system.
The appearance of the rash and its prevalence depends on the severity of the pathological process. When the first symptoms of shingles on the background of healthy skin appear swollen pink spot about 5 mm in diameter.
Symptoms period of rash:
- Typical cases of shingles in the reddened areas of the skin throughout the day appear papules and then grouped fine bubbles filled with liquid, which later becomes cloudy 3-4 days.
- Mild forms of the disease are characterized by the absence of vesicles and ulcers. a neurological pain that make it difficult to diagnose this condition can occur in such a course of the disease.
- In severe cases, the gangrenous form of herpes zoster rash with the content of the blood takes the form of black lesions. The disease takes on an undulating course, reminiscent of chickenpox - like rash elements migrate and change the location.
2-3 weeks after the treatment of shingles symptoms vary: on the site of the rash appears dark brown, after which are pigmented or discolored skin.
TREATMENT
Herpes zoster in healthy young people often do not require special treatment and resolves on its own within two weeks.
Treatment is required:
- individuals with acute illness or acute infection period;
- people with reduced immunity;
- persons with severe concomitant diseases, such as diabetes.
The most effective treatment of herpes zoster in adults is considered therapy started in the first 3 days after the first signs of the disease. With timely treatment significantly increases the probability of the disease in a mild form, which will end fast recovery without serious complications.
The basis of the treatment of herpes zoster is medication.
Means of drug therapy:
- antivirals used topically to lesions zone and systemically as an injection, and tablets. Ointments and creams may show high efficiency until the erosion stage of formation of erythema and vesicles. Antiviral treatment zoster in adults with ocular lesion is instillation of the drops or ointments on the basis of laying interferon corner of the eye. The active components of antiviral drugs can be introduced into the viral RNA and prevent the replication process.
- analgesics. Analgesics are used to relieve pain and reduce the psychological discomfort, provide an opportunity to move smoothly.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce body temperature, possess an active analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
- antiseptic solution as lotions for sanitation of erosions and prevent secondary infection.
- antibiotics help adults treat shingles with symptoms such as bacterial defeat covers.
- antidepressants appointed in the case of prolonged treatment of herpes zoster.
- immunomodulators based interferon inducers promote the synthesis of its own interferon, which has barrier properties and capable of reducing the concentration of viral particles in the tissues and blood of a patient.
- Vitamins A, C, E They are antioxidants, vitamin B accelerate tissue regeneration, contribute to the acceleration of metabolism and the formation of antibodies.
Diet during treatment includes diet, full of foods rich in nutrients and trace elements. Food should be dietary, steamed or boiled. The diet eliminates eating fatty, spicy and fried foods.
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