Hyperchromic anemia (hyperchromia) - is one form of anemia (blood disorder). The disease is accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood serum.
Causes
It provokes the development of the pathology of many vitamins deficiency, unbalanced diet, liver failure, and alcohol abuse.
There is also a form of anemia hyperchromic as macrocytic. This disease develops due to genetic predisposition and mutations. The main reasons: the use of hormonal contraceptives, hormonal disruptions in the body of the expectant mother and other problems during pregnancy.
Factors of hyperchromic anemia can be both internal and external influences. These include:
- folic acid and vitamin B shortage in the body;
- improper diet;
- viral and infectious diseases;
- disruption of the immune system;
- abundant blood loss due to the menses;
- liver disease;
- smoking and drinking alcohol beverages;
- lack of fresh air;
- the use of potent drugs.
Most often, hyperchromic anemia accompanied by another disease. Only hereditary tendency causes specific disturbances.
Symptoms and signs
Full hematopoiesis cycle requires a lot of time. The human body is not able to immediately identify the problem. The disease begins to progress, causing the negative effects of not only of the hematopoietic system, but also on the part of the nervous system (peripheral and central) and the digestive tract.
The common symptoms of anemia hyperchromic include:
- pain in the sternum;
- impaired hearing and vision;
- fainting;
- feeling tired;
- heart palpitations;
- weight loss;
- loss of appetite;
- whitish coating on the tongue;
- nausea and vomiting;
- deterioration of taste;
- signs of tachycardia.
From CNS negative simtomatika shown later, but more intense. For the first time, begin to numb hands and feet, feeling of stiffness in the muscles occurs. After some time gait changes, seizures occur in limbs reduced sensitivity.
In this case, the patient becomes nervous and irritable, and his body begins intoxication due to increased urea level in the blood plasma.
Symptoms of anemia hyperchromic forms resemble symptoms of other disorders in the body, including folic acid state (in megaloblastic anemia), but they must be a reason for immediate treatment to the doctor.
Diagnostics
Given that the disease develops as a result of disruption of immunity in the diagnosis of doctors pay attention not only to the level of hemoglobin in the blood. Diagnosing hyperchromic anemia can also be at elevated protein concentrations of iron and reduced folate levels.
Diagnosis of the disease involves a thorough examination, blood tests for white blood cells, hemoglobin, red blood cells, hematocrit, reticulocytes, and platelets.
Also takes into account the volume of blood cells and hemoglobin concentration in their structures.
If necessary, the medical professional can focus on iron binding capacity, ferritin and hemoglobin concentration. Sometimes performed a bone marrow biopsy. Diagnosis is confirmed in the diagnosis, if there is an increased amount of cells due to lack of effective erythropoiesis.
When hyperchromia cells are short lived and have a mass of structural defects.
therapies
Treatment of the disease can last for several years. All depends on the stage and hyperchromia presence of additional complications.
Mild symptoms do not require any radical therapeutic measures, it is sufficient to make adjustments in diet and daily routine.
In more severe cases will have to resort to medication or folk recipes.
medications
Hyperchromicity therapy involves stabilizing the iron concentration in the blood cells. In this case, the treatment regimen is adjusted individually. Basic medicines:
- folic acid;
- Mineral containing compositions;
- multivitamin complexes.
C and B vitamins help improve absorption of substances entering the body. The duration of intake and dosage are selected depending on the degree of pathology and the susceptibility of the organism.
When chronic hyperchromicity, treatment which is performed under stationary conditions may be additionally used drugs for intravenous infusion.
In some cases, to separate the abnormal cells from normal use plasmapheresis.
Severe cases involve administering drugs stimulator of hematopoiesis, and immunosuppressive therapy.
homemade recipes
From folk remedies to treat most popular hyperchromic anemia enjoyed baked apples, buckwheat cereal and beef liver. When a patient is recommended:
- healthy sleep;
- quitting smoking and consumption of alcoholic beverages;
- regular walks in the street.
Folic acid is found in beet, asparagus, leafy vegetables, lemons. Furthermore, it should satisfy your diet vitamin B12, which is found in abundance in cereals, maize, nuts, apples and pears.
Consequences and prognosis of patients
Timely and adequate treatment in 80% of cases, allows you to fully recover, but severe and advanced cases often cause complications.
Most often suffer from CNS. The patient becomes restless, his memory is getting worse, there are spasms in the limbs.
In this case, the lack of oxygen causes the development of oxygen starvation of the brain.
In pregnant women with hyperchromia possible pathology of fetal development.
When running the form of increased likelihood of placental abruption, preterm delivery and bleeding inside the womb.
In order to prevent this form of anemia is required to undergo regular blood tests. Those at risk include people who have been sick hyperchromia and severe infections among the next of kin.
