Anemia (anemia or) - Hematology is a syndrome characterized by lack of erythrocytes and reduced hemoglobin levels in the blood. Due to erythrocyte deficiency worsens the body's ability to perform gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide). Weakness, pale skin, tachycardia and other signs of fatigue - initial manifestations of anemia, but what is it and what is dangerous, take a closer look.
Causes
Anemia as an independent disease is rare. Provoking mechanism are unfavorable factors influencing the composition of the blood quality. The main causes of anemia - bleeding, malnutrition, lack of production of red blood cells, concomitant diseases, tissue hypoxia, hereditary anemia syndrome.
The danger is great loss of blood by the body, it causes:
- trauma;
- abdominal surgery;
- plentiful monthly (for women);
- diseases associated with excessive bleeding (gastric ulcer, hemorrhoids);
- krovorazzhizhayuschih uncontrolled use of drugs (aspirin, Trental, Thrombotic ACC Curantil et al.).
The reasons that lead to damage to the red blood cells:
- stress;
- malnutrition, lean diet, diet;
- vitamin deficiencies caused by lack of iron, folic acid, cobalamin;
- hypervitaminosis (e.g., a surplus of ascorbic acid);
- physical exercise;
- bad habits;
- caffeinated beverages;
- poisoning organisms of different poisons and toxins.
There are diseases that cause deficiency of red blood cells:
- borne infection (ARI, chicken pox, etc.);
- renal and hepatic insufficiency;
- rheumatoid arthritis;
- arterial hypertension;
- celiac disease (pathology of the digestive system);
- hypothyroidism (deficiency of thyroid hormones);
- HIV infection;
- oncology;
- cirrhosis;
- hereditary disease (granulomatosis, sickle cell anemia, Thalassemia, etc.).;
- anemotrophy spinal cord, caused by deficiency of stem cells.
There are other causes of anemia, symptoms of which are shown individually. This is due to the pathology graduation for different types. And to understand what provoked anemia and causes of observed symptoms of what is necessary to make a diagnosis. The procedure involves the delivery of analyzes:
- by general indicators of blood hemoglobin level is checked;
- complete blood test will show not only the level of hemoglobin, reticulocytes but also (emerging erythrocytes);
- biochemical analysis, produced by venous blood sampling, lets you see iron figures and bilirubin (it increased volumes indicate breakdown of hemoglobin);
- as an additional research study gastrointestinal function.
Classification
Step 3 Allocate anemia, which depend on the amount of hemoglobin and erythrocytes. The fewer in the blood, the more severe form of disease:
- Light phase assumes not less than 100 g / L hemoglobin and 3 T / L * erythrocytes.
- Average step - up to 70 g / L of hemoglobin and up to 2 T / L * erythrocytes.
- Heavy stage - it is still lower rates of life-threatening.
In addition to classification according to severity, isolated anemia:
- relative - characterized by an increase in blood plasma (which occurs in pregnant or high blood loss);
- Absolutely - when the death of red blood cells associated with a decrease in their hemoglobin.
Absolute anemic syndrome is still divided on the grounds of origin (where all of the symptoms of anemia will say):
- Iron-deficiency anemia (When iron deficiency gives Incoming process organism oxygen) - manifested by nausea, inflammation of the mouth and tongue, cracking of the corners of the mouth, tinnitus, have thrust the paper or sand, chew on ice.
- V9- and B12 deficiency anemia - accompanied by weight loss, maroon color language, reduced sense of touch and smell, by reducing the muscle during the motion, tingling in the extremities, muscle cramps, disorders in the central nervous system (ataxia, paresthesia, decreased reflexes) hallucinations.
- Inherited sickle cell anemia (change of the form of the structure of hemoglobin cells, their crystallization) - is characterized by pain in the abdomen and joints, weakness.
- Hemolytic anemia (destruction of red blood cells) - is dangerous jaundice, ulcers on the legs, an enlarged spleen, gallstones pathology, disease Marchiafava Michele.
- Aplastic form (loss of stem cells) and hypoplastic (cell death) - these dangerous diseases Bone marrow increased bleeding accompanies skin and mucous membranes (hemorrhagic syndrome).
- Disgemopoeticheskaya anemia (failure of the bone marrow) - is under the influence of heavy toxins from radiation treatment with cytostatics used for all sorts of oppression neoplasms.
Anemia - is a serious disease that is not immediately. In the early stages of the process involved all the body's internal reserves, which is trying to deal with the pathology of their own. If it is impossible to resist the disease organism to send signals. A particular challenge in the diagnosis of anemia is a big list of trigger factors. Let us consider in detail especially manifestations of anemia, symptoms and treatment.
How does the disease
The normal functioning of the body is due to the close interaction of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the gas exchange reactions. In this process, the red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all other organs, and also carry out the reverse transport of carbon dioxide. Hemoglobin is located in red blood cells, acts as a link that can create a link with both oxygen molecules, and CO2.
Onset may occur without any manifestations of staying a long time unnoticed. are such signs of the first symptoms of all types of anemia:
- weakness;
- pallor;
- noise in ears;
- "Flies" before the eyes;
- body aches;
- fainting;
- dyspnea even at low exertion;
- angina (in the age of patients);
- menstrual disorders in women (of reproductive age).
Developing pathology often found by chance, only after treatment of the patient to the doctor during the examination and appointment of laboratory tests. WHO gives the following data, indicating the presence of anemia in adults: hemoglobin less than 130 g / l, and the indicator erythrocytes below 4 T / L * - for men; 120 g / l and 3.8 T / L * (respectively) - for women.
Comparison of these figures makes it possible to identify the disease even at the initial visit. The more difficult task - to determine the shape of anemia. And here the main indicators give symptoms. Manifestations of various types of anemia develop slowly or quickly, it all depends on their causes, such as:
- anemia syndrome manifested slowly with iron deficiency, vitamin B9 and B12, the excessive content of vitamin C, and diseases of the bone marrow;
- Anemia symptoms develop quickly for injuries and operations, state, accompanied by a large loss of blood, or frequent bleeding (heavy periods, gastric ulcer, acute hemorrhoids).
Any signs of anemia require immediate relief of symptoms and treatment of the syndrome.
How to cure anemia
After identifying the causes of disease is necessary to help the body in the recovery of functions in the synthesis of red blood cells and hemoglobin. The initial stage deficiency anemia treated appointment medicaments containing iron and vitamins. For large hemorrhages recommend transfusions (blood transfusions). Treatment of anemia progressive form is possible only in conditions of a hospital. therapy involves:
- an exception condition which had anemia;
- reception of useful trace elements;
- food diet.
Among the tablets that supplement the deficiency of iron, allocate:
- Ferbitol;
- Ferrum Lek;
- Ektofer.
In the form of injections administered:
- Gemostimulin;
- tardiferon;
- Ferropleks.
The process of hematopoiesis to improve vitamin and mineral compositions comprising:
- iron;
- zinc;
- copper;
- compound groups A, B, C, D, E.
In some cases, it is recommended to cancel the drugs that inhibit the formation of blood (eg, antibiotics). It is necessary to strictly observe the dosage designated funds, t. K. A surplus of drug (in t. H. iron) can cause a side reaction (constipation, ulcers, and other allergic symptoms.). Anemia Treatment should only be a doctor, self-administration of medicines is not recommended. Self-treatment is prohibited during pregnancy, when the ripening fruit is subjected to additional risk.
Folk remedies
Domestic use of traditional medicine methods shown only for the prevention of anemia and anemia manifestations such as minor bleeding, menstruation (for women). Allowed to do when anemia drugs based on herbs that enrich the body with iron and vitamins.
Tincture of garlic:
- pour 200 g of crushed vegetable 1 l of alcohol;
- insist 10 days;
- use for 1 hour. l. 2 times a day.
Vegetable cocktail:
- squeeze the juice of carrots, beets and black radish;
- mixed in equal proportions;
- drink 1 glass for 2 months.
Fruit mix:
- Mix ¼ cup of pomegranate, apple, carrot juice;
- Add a squeeze of ¼limona;
- dissolve in the liquid 1 tbsp. l. honey;
- drink all day, a course of 3 months.
Broth clover flowers (the same drink can be made from dandelion)
- flower head add water;
- boil;
- filtered, and drink 1 tbsp. l. 5 times a day.
A decoction of the fruits of mountain ash:
- 1 tbsp. l. berries pour 0.25 l of boiling water;
- insist 1 h;
- to use for 3-4 hours during the day.
Vitamin broth hips (infusion) contributes to improvement of metabolic reactions and purification circulatory system, it is recommended not only in the fight against anemia, but also in case of problems with the kidneys, liver, urinary bubble. Make it possible for the following recipe:
- to 1 cup of dried fruits take 1 liter of water;
- boiled for 10 minutes;
- wrap and leave for the night;
- drink tea instead.
Food
Treatment of anemia supplement proper nutrition. For anemia in humans is necessary to strengthen the diet with vitamins, iron and proteins. Anemia will help get rid of grated carrots with sour cream and nuts or granola (as an additional source of iron).
The main products that help fight anemia:
- beef;
- liver;
- vegetable oil;
- honey;
- eggs (especially egg yolk);
- whole wheat bread;
- seaweed;
- cereal porridge.
Required fruits and vegetables:
- beet;
- carrot;
- potatoes;
- zucchini and squash;
- greens (lettuce, parsley, dill);
- beans;
- apples;
- plum;
- bananas;
- grapes;
- oranges;
- cherry;
- sweet cherry;
- Garnet.
Nuts:
- walnuts;
- hazelnut;
- pistachios.
Anemia can not be used:
- fatty foods;
- caffeine;
- strong tea;
- alcohol;
- baking;
- food containing a lot of calcium.
Treat anemia long and difficult. But in order to avoid some of the forms to comply with the prevention enough.
prevention
Prevention of iron-available types of the disease. Prevent the development of diseases such as anemia, can be achieved by:
- observance of a healthy lifestyle;
- regular medical examinations;
- timely treatment of chronic diseases;
- inclusion in the diet, iron-rich foods.
Helpful hints:
- the daily amount of iron must be at least 5-8 mg (e.g., as in 100 g of the liver);
- should not be taken ascorbic acid in pure form (vitamin B12 vitamin C blocks);
- you must observe the regime of the day, it is important to get enough sleep;
- useful in anemia rest in a pine forest, in mountains, by the sea;
- avoiding contact with toxic substances, insecticides, lead and other chemicals;
- women once a month is useful to take drugs with iron;
- trauma to the blood loss is necessary to stop the bleeding as quickly as possible.
If prevention does not work, then the further control of the disease should be carried out in compliance with the strict treatment regimen and according to the doctor's recommendations. Lack of timely treatment could have very dangerous consequences.
The dangerous
The presence of anemia is the first stage of a person:
- lowering of immunity;
- more frequent colds;
- hypotension;
- swelling of the feet.
What threatens the anemic syndrome in its chronic course:
- neurological disorders;
- development of paranoia;
- pulmonary insufficiency;
- hemorrhagic shock.
Complications anemia lead to cardiovascular diseases, such as:
- heart failure;
- myocardiodystrophy with increasing volume of the heart;
- systolic noise;
- coronary insufficiency.
Anemia Blood developing in conjunction with other pathologies, threatening dire consequences. What is anemia and how it is dangerous, can be obtained from many sources, but the best at the first signs of its manifestation, consult a specialist. And the advanced stages is dangerous, even fatal.
