Migraine - this is a common disease that affects the nervous system, accompanied by bouts of powerful headaches. In most cases the pain is concentrated in a particular part of the head. Often, this problem occurs in young and mature women aged 20-50 years, at least - in children from 4-5 years. The disease is treated, if it was properly diagnosed and assigned to combined therapy.
Overview
Attacks of the disease can occur in the patient as periodically (1-3 times a year) and regularly (1 time per week or more). Headache with this syndrome is so severe that interferes with normal life. Deviation may masquerade as other diseases, for example, increase or decrease of blood pressure, withdrawal syndrome and the like. D. In order to establish the causes of migraine is necessary to pass a comprehensive examination by a neurologist. You may need to consult an endocrinologist, cardiologist, gynecologist, psychotherapist. Signs and symptoms of migraine is often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, patient annoying sound, light, thus occurs in 10% of people of working age. It is believed that such a breach occurs more frequently in patients who are engaged in intellectual work. Women experience symptoms of migraines 3 times more often than men. In young girls, this phenomenon is diagnosed in adolescence.
The causes of migraine
The real reasons until today still not fully studied, but There are a number of phenomena that encourage its development:
- contraction or expansion of the cerebral vessels;
- CNS problems;
- increased physical activity;
- Prolonged exposure in poorly ventilated area, without the influx of oxygen;
- alcohol abuse;
- Process violation cerebral blood flow;
- insufficient intake of water;
- nicotine addiction;
- women - hormone surges;
- genetic predisposition;
- problems in serotonin metabolic processes;
- change of weather;
- a lack or overabundance of sleep and others.
Classification
There are two types of migraine:
- total (appears as a distinct disease);
- Classical (as a consequence of flow or other neurological disease).
Depending on migraine symptoms, the disease is divided into the following types:
- basilar (common in young women, it is fraught with cerebral infarction in the absence of adequate treatment);
- Retinal (affecting half the head and eye area, possibly a sharp decline in vision);
- abdominal (common in children, youths, accompanied by cramping, abdominal pain);
- Ophthalmic (striking visual organs, there is an overhang of the century, the loss of visual function);
- hemiplegic (lost opportunity to take action arm or leg);
- migraine status (lasts more than one day).
In medical practice, there is also the concept of migraine with aura and without it.
Without the aura of the patient has frequent attacks of headache that can last from four hours to three days in a row. Painful sensations are recorded in the particular part of the head (at the point). Pain increases with physical activity, as well as intense mental activity.
With aura accompanied by a large number of complex, sometimes mixed symptoms that occur well before the attack, or directly from its beginning.
migraine symptoms
- severe pain, localized in a particular area of the head;
- stomach ache;
- vomiting and nausea;
- acute sensitivity to sound, light, even dim;
- the occurrence of the shroud, as well as flares and flare in front of his eyes;
- full or partial numbness of the hands and feet; slowing of speech;
- sudden irritability;
- sleep disorders;
- sense the presence of a specific odor or taste in the mouth (in its substantial absence).
Pain - paroxysmal, intense, throbbing, concentrated largely in the frontal-temporal area. Negative sensations are amplified when a trigger factors. As a rule, the acute phase of migraine symptoms at night or in the morning. The pain becomes unbearable and, as a rule, its hard to sustain without the use of medication. A migraine attack can last from three hours to several days. Drug treatment of this disease should be prescribed only neurologist.
Diagnostics
For the study of the disease are appointed:
- examination by a neurologist;
- Analysis of urine;
- general blood analysis;
- CT of the brain;
- MRI of the brain;
- Doppler cerebral vessels;
- electroencephalography (EEG).
migraine treatment
- drug therapy (assigned if the frequency of migraine attacks - 1-2 times per quarter);
- massage;
- psychological help;
- ensure a favorable and comfortable background for the patient;
- relief from physical and mental work.
During exacerbation of migraine and status of the person recommended bed rest, sometimes - in-patient treatment.
Drug treatment includes:
- course of medication for the stabilization of the thyroid and adrenal glands;
- receiving antispasmodics;
- receiving rate antiemetics;
- receiving sedatives;
- course of medication to strengthen the cardiovascular system;
- receiving painkillers.
If adequate treatment is possible to reduce the frequency of attacks to two or three per year.
Diet in the treatment of migraine involves the exclusion of foods and drinks:
- alcohol;
- hard cheese, chicken liver, pickled herring, which contains a substance thiamine;
- soft drinks;
- walnuts;
- oranges, tangerines, grapefruit;
- cocoa;
- coffee;
- pickles;
- spices;
- pickles;
- chocolate;
- smoked;
- fatty milk and dairy products;
- fatty meats and fish.
To prevent a sharp decrease in blood glucose levels is recommended to include in the diet of foods containing vitamins, minerals, glucose and other useful components. It is also recommended to drink more water, weak green tea, natural juices.
Help in the event of a sharp attack is reduced to such actions:
- the patient should take a horizontal position;
- eliminate irritants;
- perform a light massage of the neck area;
- take a douche;
- take painkillers;
- call neurologist at home or see a specialist in a medical facility.
Prevention of migraine attacks
For the prevention of the patient should:
- comply with sleep and wakefulness (sleep at least 7-8 hours a day);
- stop smoking and drinking alcohol;
- ensure optimal diet;
- take vitamins;
- to be outdoors more often and for longer (at least 1 hour per day);
- regularly preventing neurological, endocrine and cardiovascular diseases;
- to monitor the cleanliness of the air in the room;
- renounce the use of products that provoke the symptoms of migraine.
Forecast
With proper and comprehensive treatment prognosis for this disease - encouraging. The presence of the disease could be proof of serious illnesses, including cancer, abscess, inflammation of the brain, encephalitisAneurysm of vessels, hydrocephalus etc. The risk group of people who have migraines may include residents of large cities that are vibrant lifestyle and neglect the rest, the girls and women between the ages of 20 years (especially during menstruation), as well as people with a genetic predisposition to migraines.
For a correct diagnosis and optimal treatment is necessary to seek help from a neurologist. Only an experienced doctor will be able to distinguish the symptoms of migraine from other syndromes with similar symptoms, as well as offering a gradual, effective therapy.
Found a bug? Select it and press Ctrl + Enter
